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(7)独立片语
Thisdone,helefttheoffice.
Totellthetruth,Idon’tbelieveitatall.
2.简单句
(1)
陈述句
Littlebylittlehissavingsaccumulated.
ThomasEdisonwasborninMilan,Ohio,onFebruary11,1847.
(2)疑问句
Didyoudecidetohumorher?
Hasshegotabigflat?
Isthereanythingwrongwiththetruck?
WhatcanIdoforyou?
Shallwehaveaswimwithyourfriends?
Nothingcanstopusnow,cantit?
Isyourfatheralawyeroradoctor?
(2)
祈使句
Takecareofyourbelongings.
Pleasewriteatyourearlyconvenience.
Dothingsthebestwayforthejob.
Neverneglecttotakecareofyourhealth.
(4)感叹句
Whataprettybird!
Lookout!
Becarefulwhereyouputyourfeet.
第二课时
并列句复合句
一、并列句
1.
常用的并列连词
(1)and,but,or,for,so,while,when
Notonly…butalso,neither…nor
(3)
both…and,aswellas,eitheror.
注意a.各并列连词的意义,b.用法特点和结构特点
I’mashamedthatIcouldn’tworkouttheproblem,myclassmateTomcould.
A.andB.whileC.sinceD.why
二、定语从句
主语+定语丛句+谓动+宾语(宾语从句)
主语,定从,+谓动+宾语,(定从).
1.Theonlythinghefeltproudwashisvoice.
A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.不填
2.Shesaidshewouldmovetothesouth,theweatherwasmoreagreeabletoher.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
三、状语从句
状从句、主语+谓动+
主语+谓动+……,状从句
主语+谓动,状从,+宾
四、名词性从句(主从、宾从、同位从、表从)
注意:
1.各从句的结构特点
2.各个从句引导词的意义,用法,及之间的联体系和区别
3.复合句与并列句之间的连系和区别
4.复合句与简单句的联系
句式之间的转换
eg.①Itissaidthatsb.+do+sth=sb.issaidtodosth.
②Becausehedidn’tknowEnglishwell,hefailedtotalkwiththeforeigners.
NotknowingEnglishwell,hefailedto……
③Sheheardaterriblenoise,whichbroughtherheartintohermouth.
→Sheheardaterriblenoise,anditbroughtherheartintohermonth.
特殊的句式
1.祈使句
(1)祈使句的特点
①祈使句,and+陈述句if…,主句…Doing…,全句…
adj+adj
2.感叹句What+a+adj.+n.How+adv.+主语+其它
adj.+u.adj.+a+n
肯定陈述句,否定助词+pron?
否定陈述句,肯定助词+pron?
3.反疑疑问句
答语特点
that
who
4.倒装句:
全部和部分
5.强调句式Itis/was+强调部分++
Ifpossible,Iwillgotherewithyou.
6.省略句式……
Iwon’tgothereunlessinvited,too.
todosth
7.主语+thank/find/make/feel/consider+it+宾补+that……
Doing……
8.so+助词+主语s+主语+助词
练习题
1.Doyourememberonapicnic?
A.whenitwasthatwewentB.whendidwego
C.thetimewhendidwegoD.whenwasitthatwewent
2.Theyhavebuiltastrongdam(坝)alongtheriver,afloodcomes,thefieldsandhousescanbekeptsafe.
A.whenB.inorderthatC.ifD.sothatwhen
3.Millionsofpeoplesmokeintheworld______smoking__________greatharmtotheirhealth.
A.if;
doesB.because;
doC.unless;
willdoD.though;
does
4.NoonebutTomandMikehasapocketdictionary,_______?
Adoesn’theB.havetheyC.dotheyD.doesit
5.Youmaytelephonemeorwritetome.________willdo.
A.EitherB.NeitherC.OneofthemD.Whichever
第三课时
名词性从句
复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子,从句只用作句子的一个成分,不能独立,根据从句在句子中的作用(成分)可分名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
Hiswordsmadehermotherhappy.
whathesaidmade,hermot,herhappy.
Ithinkhiswordsright.
Ithinkthatwhathesaidisright.
whowillgothere.
Thequestionis
verydifficult.
Thebuswhich/thathasjustleftisforJinan.
Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveontime.
ItoldMother,Father,sisterandallmyfriendsherethatagreattimeIhad.(what)
分析
Ineverknewaboutaridedownarivercouldbesoexciting.(that)
Peopledonotknoweachotheroftenbecomefriendsaftertheyhaveplayedtogether.
架起主句与从句桥梁的词
连词that(本身无词义,不充当成分
Whether不充当成分
(1)与引导条件从句的区别
if是否
(2)与whether的区别
(3)自身引导名从名特点
一、句词性从句称连接词=
Whowhomwhose
连接代词which(定、主/宾)哪一个
What(主、宾、定)什么所……的
When/where
连接adv.(词义、连接、状语)
How/why
(连接词自身的特点,限定它们的使用)
1.________sheisarichwomanisknowntousall.
A..whoB.thatC.BecauseD×
2.whetherhe’llcometothemeetingisn’tclear.
3.Chinaisdifferentfrom________itusedtobe.
A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.which
4.Whichteamwillwinthegameisunknown.
5.Hedidn’ttell________Icanstudyitwell.
A.howB.whatC.whereD.when
6.Canyoutellme________thehospitalis.
A.whereB.howC.thatD.whether
7.Idon’tknowwhenhewillbeback.
二、名词性从句应注意的问题
1.语序问题——必须使用陈述语序
2.that引导主从、表从、同位语从句一般不省略,但引导两个或两个以上宾从不省.
Which引导名从与what/who的区别
3.Which(与定从which区别)
What(与定从关系)
三、主语从句应注意的问题
1.①当主句谓动是否定的,主语从句一般不选用无词义的that,而只能选用与否定意义一致的词whether,whathow……
②that引导宾从不作介词宾语
主语从句常用形式it,主要是that引导的主语从句……
2.
主谓一致
四、宾语从句
宾语从句的时态应于主句保持对应的关系
宾语从句有实补,要用形式it
3.
宾从常与sure,happy,glad,certain,afraid,worried,surprised即be+adj.+that…结构
五、
表语从句
P113页
六、同位从句
第四课时
定语从句
一、定语在句中的位置
+定从+v+宾语(名词)+定从
主语(名词),
定从+v+宾语(名词),定从
①
SomeoftheboyswhomIinviteddidn’tcome.
②
Football,whichisaveryinterestgame,isplayedallovertheworld.
③
Temyearsago,mymothertaughtphysicsintheschoolthatI’mvisiting.
④
Hepaidtheboy10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
二、关系词(连接主句与从句的词)
who/whom
whose(人、物)
关系代词(定语从中作主语,宾语,定语)that(人、物)——关系词词
Which(物)---引导非限性从句
when指时间in+关代
关系词关系付词(状语)where指地点
why原因
way
介+关代
(1)结构上的区别
1.关系代词which与that的区别非限性定从
(2)先行词上的区别
2.先行词为表示时间或地点的名词
用关系代词或关系付词
which
(1)Westillrememberthedayswhenwestudiedinthe
Inwhich
middleschool.
whenIjoinedtheparty
(2)Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich
wespenttogether.
(3)GoneforeverarethedayswhentheChinesepeoplehadtouse“foreignoil.”
ThisisthefactorywhereIworkedtwoyearsago.
Thehousethatwasbuiltlastautumnisourlibrary.
先行词无论为人/物在定从作主语用whose
3.Whose——
先行词为物、常用ofwhich
Theboywhosehomeworkhadbeenfinishedwaspraisedyesterday.
Ayoungmanfromourschool,whosenameIhaveforgotten,broughtyouthisbooklastnight.whosewindowsfacesouthisouroffice
Thehouse
thewindowsofwhich……
That’sthemagazinewhosecoverwelookedatjustnow.
那就是我们刚才看了封面的那本杂志
;
&
nb,sp;
当先行词有数词、这定代词或其限定词限制时
用……ofwhich,……ofwhom(非限性定从)
Thismachinehasthousandsofparts,eachofwhichhasitsimportance
Chinahasalargepopulation,forfifthsofwhicharefarmers.
Therearefiftystudentsinourclass,halfofwhomaregirls.
注意与并列句子之间的关系
5.as引导定从
1.引导限制定从与such……as(象…那样的/这样的)thesame……as(与…同样)
Theresultisnotsuchasweexpected
Let’sdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus
Ihavethesameideaasyou(do)
位置
可以放在句首(尾)
2.引导非限制定从搭配asisknowwell
词义/转换
which只放在句末/意义
(1)主句和从句语义一致时,用as;
反之用which来引导非定性定从
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected
②当非限定从句为否定时,常用which
Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.
6.定语从句的省略关系代词whom/thatwhich在限制定从中作宾语句可以省略(非限不省)
inwhich
7.waythatIdon’likethewayyouspeaktohim.
/(不要关系词)
第五—六课时
状语从句
一、状从在句中的位置
状语从句,
(1)S+V+O,状语从句
Whilehewasonholidayhecaughtacold.
Wewon’tgooutingifitrainstomorrow.
Sinceeverybodyispresent,let’sbeginthemeeting.
Asyouarebusy,youneedn’tgowithme.
二、状语从句的分类及引导词
(一)时间状从:
(1)when/while/as
(2)after,before,once(3)assoonas,hardly…when,nosooner…than,scarcely…when,themoment/minute(4)until/till(5)since(6)every/eachtime,thefisttime,bythetime(7)Itis+段时sinceIfwas/willbe+段+beforeItwas+点时when
(二)地点状从:
wherewherever与名从句和定语从句的区别,IfoundthepenwhereIhadleftit.Theywentwherevertheycouldfindwork,
(1)whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark,whereyouhaveanyquestions.(attheplaceawhereyouhaveanyquestions.)
(三)原因:
because,since,as,for,nowthat
(四)条件:
if,unless,as/solongas,asfaras,onconditionthat,incase,once,onlyif(只要),ifonly.
(五)让步:
although,though,as,nomatter+疑问句,疑问句+ever,whateverhow…,evenif,eventhough,either…or
(六)结果:
sothat,so…that,such…that,that
(七)目的:
sothat,inorderthat,that
(八)方式:
as/justas;
asif;
though
as…as,than,themore…themore
(九)比较:
as…as,not
So
when,while,as
(1)when引导时间状从句,当…时,谓动词为非延续动词,强调某时发生的动作,谓动要为延…,表示一段时间
Whenhesawtheredlight,hestoppedthecar.
While/WhenwewereinBeijing,Wemeteveryday.
(2)While,谓动只能为延续性动词或状态动词,强调一段时态(后接进行时或较长动作)
Whilewewerehavingaparty,thelightswentout.
Don’tmakeanoisewhileyouareintheroom.
(3)as引导时间状从句①强调主从句动作的同时发生,一边…一边
②它也用来说明两途中正在发展或变化的情况,随着……
Thechildrenarealwayssinginganddancingastheywalk.
Wedonotnecessarilygrowwiseraswegrowolder
①表示主句和从句坳作发生的先后关系
before(until)
②表达动作的紧迫性,没来及…就…/不等…就
Therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.
Hethoughthewouldbeabletolockthedoorbeforetheanimalreachedit.
IhadseenhimthreetimesbeforeIcamehere.
他认为,在那动物达到门前他能来得及锁上门。
Islippedoutbeforethelecturestarted.
不等讲课开始,我就溜出去了。
until/till
S+延续性v+0until/till直到……为止
Work/remain,wait,stay……threeo’clock
Iremained/hereuntilhearrived.
S+not+非延续性+V+Ountil/till
直到……才
Start,finish,go,open,come,leave
Thebusdoesn’tleaveuntilalltheseatsaretaken.
Themail(保姆)willnotopenthedooruntilsheknowswhoknocked.
①Itis/w