雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案.docx

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案.docx

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雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案

2012年雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案

（一）

　　Publishedonline：

Nov9th2006

　　FromTheEconomistprintedition

　　Howshopscanexploitpeople’sherdmentalitytoincreasesales

　　1.ATRIPtothesupermarketmaynotseemlikeanexerciseinpsychologicalwarfare—butitis.Shopkeepersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyhadintended.Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.Nowresearchersareinvestigatinghow“swarmintelligence”（thatis，howants，beesoranysocialanimal，includinghumans，behaveinacrowd）canbeusedtoinfluencewhatpeoplebuy.

　　2.AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome，Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani，acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology，describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted：

forinstance，byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore，forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.MrUsmaniandRonaldoMenezes，alsooftheFloridaInstituteofTechnology，setouttoenhancethistendencytobuymorebyplayingontheherdinstinct.Theideaisthat，ifacertainproductisseentobepopular，shoppersarelikelytochooseittoo.Thechallengeistokeepcustomersinformedaboutwhatothersarebuying.

　　3.Entersmart-carttechnology.InMrUsmani’ssupermarketeveryproducthasaradiofrequencyidentificationtag，asortofbarcodethatusesradiowavestotransmitinformation，andeverytrolleyhasascannerthatreadsthisinformationandrelaysittoacentralcomputer.Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods，ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh，heismorelikelytoselectittoo.

　　4.MrUsmani’s“swarm-moves”modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.Anditgivesshoppersthesatisfactionofknowingthattheyboughtthe“right”product—thatis，theoneeveryoneelsebought.Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld，mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledexperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaandTescoinBritainareinterestedinhiswork，andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.

　　5.Anotherrecentstudyonthepowerofsocialinfluenceindicatesthatsalescould，indeed，beboostedinthisway.MatthewSalganikofColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavedescribedcreatinganartificialmusicmarketinwhichsome14，000peopledownloadedpreviouslyunknownsongs.Theresearchersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhadbeendownloaded，theyfollowedthecrowd.Whenthesongswerenotorderedbyrank，butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed，theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.

　　6.InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.Theshopssellonlythemostpopularitemsineachproductcategory，andtherankingsareupdatedweekly.Icosystem，acompanyinCambridge，Massachusetts，alsoaimstoexploitknowledgeofsocialnetworkingtoimprovesales.

　　7.Andthepsychologythatworksinphysicalstoresisjustaspotentontheinternet.OnlineretailerssuchasAmazonareadeptattellingshopperswhichproductsarepopularwithlike-mindedconsumers.Evenintheprivacyofyourhome，youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.

　　Questions1-6

　　Completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromthereadingpassage.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

　　1.Shopownersrealizethatthesmellof_______________canincreasesalesoffoodproducts.

　　2.Inshops，productsshelvedatamorevisiblelevelsellbettereveniftheyaremore_______________.

　　3.AccordingtoMr.Usmani，withtheuseof“swarmintelligence”phenomenon，anewmethodcanbeappliedtoencourage_______________.

　　4.Onthewaytoeverydayitemsatthebackofthestore，shoppersmightbetemptedtobuy_______________.

　　5.Ifthenumberofbuyersshownonthe_______________ishigh，othercustomerstendtofollowthem.

　　6.Usingthe“swarm-moves”model，shopownersdonothavetogivecustomers_______________toincreasesales.

　　Questions7-12

　　Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthereadingpassage?

Forquestions7-12write

　　YESifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

　　NOifthestatementcontraictstheinformation

　　NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthisinthepassage

　　7.RadiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyhasbeeninstalledexperimentallyinbigsupermarketslikeWal-Mart.

　　8.Peopletendtodownloadmoreunknownsongsthansongstheyarefamiliarwith.

　　9.Songsrankedhighbythenumberoftimesbeingdownloadedarefavoredbycustomers.

　　10.Peoplefollowtheotherstothesameextentwhetheritisconvenientornot.

　　11.ItemssoldinsomeJapanesestoresaresimplychosenaccordingtothesalesdataofothershops.

　　12.Swarmintelligencecanalsobeobservedineverydaylife.

　　Answerkeys：

　　1.答案：

（freshlybaked）bread.（第1段第2行：

Shoppersknowthatfillingastorewiththearomaoffreshlybakedbreadmakespeoplefeelhungryandpersuadesthemtobuymorefoodthantheyintended.）

　　2.答案：

expensive.（第1段第4行：

Stockingthemostexpensiveproductsateyelevelmakesthemsellfasterthancheaperbutlessvisiblecompetitors.）

　　3.答案：

impulsebuying.（第2段第1句：

AtarecentconferenceonthesimulationofadaptivebehaviourinRome，Zeeshan-ul-hassanUsmani，acomputerscientistfromtheFloridaInstituteofTechnology，describedanewwaytoincreaseimpulsebuyingusingthisphenomenon.）

　　4.答案：

other（tempting）goods/things/products.（第2段第2句：

Supermarketsalreadyencourageshopperstobuythingstheydidnotrealisetheywanted：

forinstance，byplacingeverydayitemssuchasmilkandeggsatthebackofthestore，forcingshopperstowalkpastothertemptinggoodstoreachthem.）

　　5.答案：

screen.（第3段第4行：

Asacustomerwalkspastashelfofgoods，ascreenontheshelftellshimhowmanypeoplecurrentlyintheshophavechosenthatparticularproduct.Ifthenumberishigh，heismorelikelytoselectittoo.）

　　6.答案：

discounts.（第4段第第1句：

MrUsmani’s“swarm-moves”modelappealstosupermarketsbecauseitincreasessaleswithouttheneedtogivepeoplediscounts.）

　　7.答案：

NO.（第4段第3、4句：

Themodelhasnotyetbeentestedwidelyintherealworld，mainlybecauseradiofrequencyidentificationtechnologyisnewandhasonlybeeninstalledexperimentallyinsomesupermarkets.ButMrUsmanisaysthatbothWal-MartinAmericaanTescoinBritainareinterestdinhisworkd，andtestingwillgetunderwayinthespring.短语“getunderway”的意思是“开始进行”，在Wal-Mart的试验要等到春天才开始）

　　8.答案：

NOTGIVEN.（在文中没有提及该信息）

　　9.答案：

YES。

（第5段第3句：

Thereseachersfoundthatwhenpeoplecouldseethesongsrankedbyhowmanytimestheyhavebeendownloaded，theyfollowedthecrowd.）

　　10.答案：

NO。

（第5段最后两句：

Whenthesongsarenotorderedbyrank，butthenumberoftimestheyhadbeendownloadedwasdisplayed，theeffectofsocialinfluencewasstilltherebutwaslesspronounced.Peoplethusfollowtheherdwhenitiseasyforthemtodoso.pronounced的词义是“显著的、明显的”）

　　11.答案：

YES。

（第6段第1句：

InJapanachainofconvenienceshopscalledRanKingRanQueenhasbeenorderingitsproductsaccordingtosalesdatafromdepartmentstoresandresearchcompanies.）

12.答案：

YES。

（最后一段最后一句：

Evenintheprivacyofyourhome，youcanstillbepartoftheswarm.home应该算是everydaylife的一部分）

2012年雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案

（二）

　　Roguetheoryofsmellgetsaboost

　　1.Acontroversialtheoryofhowwesmell，whichclaimsthatourfinesenseofodourdependsonquantummechanics，hasbeengiventhethumbsupbyateamofphysicists.

　　2.CalculationsbyresearchersatUniversityCollegeLondon（UCL）showthattheideathatwesmellodourmoleculesbysensingtheirmolecularvibrationsmakessenseintermsofthephysicsinvolved.

　　3.That’sstillsomewayfromprovingthatthetheory，proposedinthemid-1990sbybiophysicistLucaTurin，iscorrect.Butitshouldmakeotherscientiststaketheideamoreseriously.

　　4.“Thisisabigstepforward，”saysTurin，whohasnowsetuphisownperfumecompanyFlexitralinVirginia.Hesaysthatsincehepublishedhistheory，“ithasbeenignoredratherthancriticized.”

　　5.Mostscientistshaveassumedthatoursenseofsmelldependsonreceptorsinthenosedetectingtheshapeofincomingmolecules，whichtriggersasignaltothebrain.Thismolecular’lockandkey’processisthoughttoliebehindawiderangeofthebody’sdetectionsystems：

itishowsomepartsoftheimmunesystemrecogniseinvaders，forexample，andhowthetonguerecognizessometastes.

　　6.ButTurinarguedthatsmelldoesn’tseemtofitthispictureverywell.Moleculesthatlookalmostidenticalcansmellverydifferent—suchasalcohols，whichsmelllikespirits，andthiols，whichsmelllikerotteneggs.Andmoleculeswithverydifferentstructurescansmellsimilar.Moststrikingly，somemoleculescansmelldifferent—toanimals，ifnotnecessarilytohumans—simplybecausetheycontaindifferentisotopes（atomsthatarechemicallyidenticalbuthaveadifferentmass）。

　　7.Turin’sexplanationforthesesmellyfactsinvokestheideathatthesmellsignalinolfactoryreceptorproteinsistr