英国文学史及作品选读Chapter 5.docx

英国文学史及作品选读Chapter 5.docx

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英国文学史及作品选读Chapter5

英国文学史及作品选读Chapter5

ChapterVTheEnglishRenaissance（1550-1642）2013-7-141

莎士比亚生平莎士比亚写作生涯的四个阶段Shakespeare’sWritingCareerBirthplace出生地2013-7-14Shakespeare’sLifeTheRoyalTheatre皇家剧院1564-16162

ThebirthplaceofShakespeareatStratford2013-7-143

RoyalShakespeareTheatre2013-7-144

1.Historicalbackground?

TheElizabethAge（1558-1603）:

EnglandenjoyedpeacefuldevelopmentundertheruleofQueenElizabethI,whomaintainedabalanceofbetweentheProtestantsandtheCatholics.?

TheWarwithSpain:

in1588,EnglishnavydefeatedtheSpanishArmada,whichacceleratedtheawakeningEnglishpeople’snationalconsciousness;2013-7-145

?

Theenclosuremovement:

Manypeasantswereforcedtoleavethelandandsettleddownintowns.Thetwooppositeclassescameintobeing,thecapitalistandthelaboringclass.?

Reformation:

ItwasareturntopureChristianity-cleansingthechurchofallthecorruption.EnglishReformationwastriggeredbyHenryVIII’sdivorceandremarrying.2013-7-146

2.RenaissanceandHumanism:

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（1）Renaissance:

aFrenchword,meaning“rebirth”.TheartandscienceofancientGreeceandRomewerebeingrediscoveredafterlongyearsofneglect.?

（2）EnglishRenaissancehadtwoimpulses—humanistreverencefortheclassicsandEnglishprideandsenseofnationalidentity.?

（3）Humanismistheessenceoftherenaissanceemphasizingthedignityandpotentialoftheindividualandtheworthoflifeinthisworld.2013-7-147

Literaturefrom16thto17thC.?

TranslationoccupiedanimportantplaceintheEnglishRenaissance.ThetranslatedclassicalworksofGreekandLatin;theKingJamesBible（in1611undertheauspicesofJames,amonumentofenglishlanguageandenglishliterature）?

Alargeamountofbooksdescribingdiscoveriesandadventures.?

Poetryandplays2013-7-148

Poetsandwriters?

ThomasMore（1478-1535）:

anEnglishpoliticianandwriter.hisworkUtopiadescribeshisidealofaperfectsociety.HewasapowerfuladvisertoKingHenryⅧ,butheopposedtheking’sdivorceandrefusedtoaccepthimastheheadoftheChurchofEngland.Forthisthekingputhimintoprisonandorderedhisheadtobecutoff.2013-7-149

?

ThomasWyatt（1503-1542）托马斯.怀亚特EnglishdiplomatandpoetwhowasthefirsttointroducethesonnetformintoEnglishliterature.?

PhilipSidney（1554-1586）菲利普.锡德尼Englishpoet,soldier,andpolitician.HismostimportantworksarethesonnetsequenceAstrophelandStella（十四行组诗《爱星者和星星）andthecollectionofpastoralidyllsArcadia（田园诗集《阿卡迪亚》）,bothpublishedposthumously.?

ThomasCampion托马斯.坎皮恩（1567-1620）Englishpoetandcomposerofsongsforvoiceandlute.?

EdmundSpenser（1552?

-1599）埃德蒙.斯宾塞:

EnglishpoetknownchieflyforhisallegoricalepicromanceTheFaerieQueene（1590-1596《仙后》）.HisotherworksincludethepastoralShepeardesCalendar（1579《牧羊人的日历》）andthelyricalmarriagepoemEpithalamion（1595《祝婚歌》）.2013-7-1410

?

JohnLyly（1553?

-1606）约翰.黎里:

EnglishplaywrightandnovelistwhowroteanumberofcomediesthatinfluencedEnglishdrama.HisnovelEupheus?

ThomaLoge?

ChristopherMarlowe（1564-1593）克里斯托弗.马洛EnglishplaywrightandpoetwhosedevelopmentofblankverseinfluencedShakespeare.HisplaysincludeTamburlainetheGreat（c.1587《帖木耳大帝》）andEdwardII（c.1592《爱德华二世》）.?

RobertGreene（1558?

-1592）罗伯特.格林Englishwriternotedforhisplays,suchasFriarBaconandFriarBungay（c.1589《弗里亚·培根和弗里亚·邦奇》）.2013-7-1411

3.Theflourishingofdrama:

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Thereasonfortheflourishingofdrama;?

ThestructureoftheElizabethantheatre;?

“TheUniversityWits”:

RobertGreene;ThomasKyd;ChristopherMarlowe.TheywerethepredecessorstoShakespeare:

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ChristopherMarlowe:

TheTragicHistoryofDoctorFaustus2013-7-1412

4.WilliamShakespeare（1564-1616）:

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Life:

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1564,BorninStratford-on-Avon,?

Ca.1588-1592,inLondonasactorandplaywright;?

Ca.1592-98,devoteshimselfmainlytochroniclehistoriesandcomedies;?

Ca.1601-1609,periodofthegreatesttragediesandromanticcomedies?

Ca.1610,retirestoStratford;?

1616,died.2013-7-1413

4.1Shakespeare’sSonnets:

–Sonnet:

Afixedformoflyricpoetrythatconsistoffourteenlines,usuallywritteniniambicpentameter.Therearetwobasictypesofsonnets,theItalianandtheEnglishSonnet.?

2013-7-1414

?

Shakespeare’ssonnets:

Shakespearewrote154sonnets.ThefirstgroupwasaddressedtoaMr.W.H.ThesecondgroupwasaddressedtoaDarkLady.?

Shakespeare’ssequencesuggestsastory.Certainmotifsareevident.?

2013-7-1415

?

“Sonnet18”:

theimmortalityofArt;?

“Sonnet29”:

eulogyoffriendship;?

“Sonnet66”:

criticizingsocialinjustice.2013-7-1416

4.2Shakespeare’sPlays:

Shakespearewrote37playsinall.Hiswritingcareercanberoughlydividedintofourstages:

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1.1592-1594:

aperiodofexperimentation.（TheComedyofErrors,TheTamingoftheShrew）?

2.1595-1600:

periodofrapidgrowthanddevelopment（MiddleSummerNight’sDream,RomeoandJuliet,AsYouLikeIt）?

3.1601-1608:

periodofgloomanddepression,（Hamlet,KingLear,Othello,Macbeth）?

4.1608-1612:

restoredserenity,aperiodofcalm（TheWinter’sTale,TheTempest）2013-7-1417

4.2.1Hamlet?

（1）Hamlet:

Itsupportsamassivevarietyofinterpretationsandunderstandings;Itreflectsthenatureofhumanityintheuniverse;theplayisabouttherelationshipinhumanlifebetweenthoughtandaction.?

（2）Hamlet’s"tragicflaw”:

theimbalancebetweenhisactiveandpassivenatures;themoralquestionofsuicideinamalevolentuniverse;thequestionofHamlet'ssanity?

（3）“Tobeornottobe”soliloquy:

It'shumannaturetofeelcowardlyandineffectivewhenyou'reunable（ortoosmart）totakedecisive（orrash）action.2013-7-1418

4.2.2RomeoandJuliet:

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Shakespeare’searliestsuccessintragedy;Setting:

Verona,acityinItaly;Twofamiliesinfeud:

Montague,CapuletMaincharacters:

Romeo,Juliet,FriarLaurenceRomeoseesJulietattheCapulet’sball,fallsinlovewithherandstandsbeneathherbalcony.?

Despitethefamilyfeud,apairofinnocentloversexpresstheirloveforeachother.?

ButterflyLoversisoftenconsideredasAChineseVersionofRomeoandJuliet.Makeacomparativestudyofthetwo.2013-7-1419