词汇学练习.docx
《词汇学练习.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《词汇学练习.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
词汇学练习
注意a-,in-,(il-,im-,ir-),non-,un-等刖缀的使用.
negative”prefixes表示否定意义的前缀
a-
amoral与道德无关的,apolitical不关心政治的、无政治意义的
dis-disloyal,disobey,disclose,discredit,discourteous,disregard,
in-
disprove,dissimilar,
injustice,incorrect,inconsiderate,inconsistent,inaccuracy,
il-
illegal,illegalize,
ir-
irresistible,irrational,irregular
im-
immature,imbalanee,impossible,impassive
non-
noncontentious,non-classical,nonbusiness,
un-
unwrap,unexpected,unfriendly,unfair,unendurable,
unfavorable,unreasonable,unremarked
meaningsofrootsandprefixes
基本第一种第二种意义单位符号(词)符号(词根)人花时
例词
色水石牙头脚音
世界生命中心
manflowertimecolourwaterstonetoothheadfootsoundsunmoonstarworldlifecenter
anthroanth(o)chronchromhydr(o)lite(o)dent(i)cephalpedphonsollunastro(er)cosm(o)bi(o)center
Anthropology人类学,philanthropy(慈善事业)Anthesis开花(期),chrysanthemum菊花
Chronic慢性的、长期的,synchronic同步的
Chromatic彩色的,bichrome两色的Hydrate水合物‘hydroelectric水力发电的
Aerolith陨石,neolith新石器,paleolith旧石器dentist,dentiform,齿状的
Cephalalgia头痛,cephalitis脑炎
Uniped单脚的,pediform脚型的
phonetics,microphonesolar,insolation暴晒,日光浴,中暑.insolatelunar,lunatic疯狂的
Astrology占星术,astronomy天文学cosmic,cosmopolis国际都市
biotic,antibiotic抗生素centraleccentric古怪的
prepare
overweight超重,overflow溢出,overwork,overleap越过,overrun超过,泛滥
ex-out:
post-after:
ante-before:
over-beyond:
mis-bad:
pre-before:
over-excessive:
express
postgraduateantecedentoverworkmisbehave
sub-below:
subheading副标题,subdue征服,抑制,subscribe
en-in:
enclose
in-in:
include
super-above
superman
mal-wrongly:
maltreat
ultra-extreme:
ultra-conservative极端保守
anti-against:
anti-nuclear反核武器的,anti-government反政府的,
contra-against:
contraflow逆流,contradict反驳,否定,与。
。
抵触
counter-against:
counterattack反击,反攻,counteract抵消,中
co-with:
cooperate,
1.Wordsofthebasicwordstockcaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.footisthefatheroffootball,footageandfootprint.Thisdemonstratesthatoneofthecharacteristicsofthewordsofthebasicstockis.(A)
A.productivityB.polysemy
C.stabilityD.collocability
2.Theformationofnewwordsbyconvertingwordsofoneclasstoanotherclassiscalled.(D)
A.prefixationB.suffixation
C.acronymyD.conversion
3.Peoplechangeword-meaningowingtovariousmotives:
love,respect,
courtesy,suspicion,pessimism,sarcasm,irony,contempt,hatred,etc.(A)
A.psychologicalB.social
C.communicativeD.lexical
4.
B)
B.bags
D.ships
Thepluralmorpheme"-s"ispronouncedas/s/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT.(
A.packsC.cheats
5.Thedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpoints.(D)
(1)aminimalfreeformofalanguage
(2)asoundunity
(3)aunitofmeaning
(4)aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence
A.
(1)and
(2)B.
(1)
(2)and(3)
C.
(2)(3)and(4)D.
(1)
(2)(3)and(4)
6.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled
(A)
A.back-formationB.clipping
C.blendingD.suffixation
7.Inanarrowsense,contextreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesinwhichawordappearsandisknownascontext.(B)
A.non-linguisticB.linguistic
C.grammaticalD.lexical
C.theWestAsiaD.America
8.Whatisacommonfeaturepeculiartoallnaturallanguages?
(D)
A.Suffixation.B.Variation.
C.Allomorph.D.Polysemy.
9.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthemainfunctionsofverbalcontext?
(D)
A.Eliminationofambiguity.
B.Indicationforreferents.
C.Provisionofcluesforinferringword-meaning.
D.Alltheabove.
10.ThedevelopmentofEnglishvocabularycanbedividedintothefollowingparticularhistoricalperiodEXCEPT.(C)
A.OldEnglishB.MiddleEnglish
C.NewEnglishD.ModernEnglish
11.Thesmallestfunctioningunitinthecompositionofwordsis.(A)
A.morphemeB.affixes
C.rootD.stem
12.Thereis/aremonomorphemicword(s)inthefollowingwords:
hot,dog,
feet,matches.(B)
A.1B.2
C.3D.4
13.
A)
B.clipping
30%to40%ofthetotalnumberofnewwordsinEnglishvocabularyareproducedthrough.(
A.affixation
C.compoundingD.shortening
14.Want,wish,likeanddesirearesynonyms,butasfarasintensityisconcerned,isthestrongestofall.(D)
A.wishB.LikeC.wantD.desire
15.Wordsofthebasicwordstockcaneachbeusedalone,andatthesametimecanformnewwordswithotherrootsandaffixes,e.g.footisthefatheroffootball,footageandfootprint.Thisdemonstratesthatoneofthecharacteristicsofthewordsofthebasicstockis.(A)
A.productivityB.polysemy
C.stabilityD.collocability
16."Fleshandblood"isanidiominnature.(B)
A.verbalB.nominal
C.adjectivalD.adverbial
17.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafigureofspeech?
(D)
A.Metaphor.B.Personification.
C.Euphemism.D.Shortening.
18.Neverdothingsbyhalvesisa(n).(C)
A.verbalidiominnatureB.nominalidiominnature
C.sentenceidiomD.adverbialidiominnature
19.TheIndo-EuropeanlanguagefamilyismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEast,and.(A)
A.IndiaB.theFarEast
20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutextra-linguisticcontext?
(A)A.Itcanbesubdividedintogrammaticalcontextandnon-linguisticcontext.
B.Itreferstophysicalsituationorenvironmentrelatingtotheuseofwords.
C.Itembracesthepeople,timeandplace.
D.Itmayextendtoembracetheentireculturalbackground.
21.Americandictionariesgenerallyusetomarkthepronunciation.(D)
A.BritishPhoneticAlphabetB.AmericanPhoneticAlphabet
C.InternationalPhoneticAlphabetD.Webster'sPhoneticAlphabet
22.Thepluralmorpheme"-s"ispronouncedas/z/inthefollowingwordsEXCEPT.(C)
A.bedsB.BagsC.cheatsD.bottles
23.Theword"prisoner"comprisesmorphemes.(B)
A.1B.2C.3D.4
24.
.(D)
ThefollowingwordshavederivationalaffixesEXCEPT
A.rereadB.PrewarC.bloodyD.harder
25.
.(B)
Theprefix"over-"intheword"overweight"isaprefixof
A.orientationandattitudeB.degreeorsize
C.timeandorderD.number
26.Usagenotesofthedictionaryexplain.(D)
A.theslightdiffereneebetweenwordsofsimilarmeanings
B.difficultpointsofgrammarandstyle
C.importantBritishandAmericandifferences
D.alltheabove
27.Thesuffixesinwordsheightsn,symbolizeare__B.
A.nounsuffixesB.verbsuffixes
C.adverbsuffixesD.adjectivesuffixes
28.Themethodofcreatingwordsbyremovingthesupposedsuffixesiscalled.(A)
A.back-formationB.AcronymyC.conversionD.clipping
29.Thesentence"Thefishisreadytoeat."isambiguousdueto.(A)
A.grammaticalstructureB.Hyponymy
arethemost
C.culturalinflueneeD.non-linguisticcontext
30.Therearefivetypesofmeaningchangesandamongwhich
common.(D)
GivetheAmericanEnglishformofeachword.
示例如下:
1.Dialogue:
dialog2.centrecenter_
参考资料:
1,英语单词中不发音的词尾-me,-ue在美语拼写中被删除。
英语拼法
美语拼法
公斤
kilogramme
kilogram
方案
programme
program
catalogue
catalog
英语拼法
美语拼法
举止、行为
behaviour
behavior
颜色
colour
color
特别喜爱的
favourite
favorite
风味
flavour
flavor
荣誉
honour
honor
劳动
labour
labor
u。
对话
dialogue
dialog
序言
Prologue
prolog
2,英语中的以-our结尾的单词,在美语中删去了不发音的字母
3,英语中以-re结尾,读音为[2]的单词,在美语中改为-er结尾,读音不变。
英语拼法
美语拼法
中心
centre
center
纤维
fibre
fiber
公尺
metre
meter
剧场
theatre
theater
4,英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词,在美语中改为-ense结尾,读音仍为[ns]。
英语拼法
美语拼法
防御
defenee
defense
犯法行为
offence
offense
执照
licenee
license
托词
pretenee
pretense
5,英语中以-ise结尾的动词,美语中则拼作-ize。
批评
criticise
criticize
组织
organise
organize
实现
realise
realize
辨认
recognise
recognize
使标准化
standardise
standardize
6,英语中以双写-II-拼写的部分词,在美语中只有一个-I-,例如:
英语拼法
美语拼法
顾问
counsellor
counselor
珠宝商
jeweller
jeweler
奇异的
marvellous
marvelous
包裹
parcelled
parceled
旅行
travelling
traveling
7,英语中以-xion结尾的词,美语中拼作-ction,读音不变。
英语拼法
美语拼法
联系
connexion
connection
弯曲
inflexion
inflection
反射
reflexion
reflection
Idioms
6.firstandforemost首要的是
7.partandparcel重要部分
8.jointhemajority离开;去世
9.dineandwine吃喝
10.followthemajority从众
11.Tomeetone'sWate一M涂地
12.AnIndiansummer小阳春
13.Fortywinks白天小睡
14.Allgoodthingscometoanend.天下没有不散的宴席
15.cutandrun开溜;临阵脱逃
16.Diamondcutsdiamond棋逢对手
17.onceinabluemoon千载难逢
18.Achilles'hgfe命弱点
19.letbygonesbebygones既往不咎
20.Goldcan\'tbepureandmancan\'tbeperfect金无足赤,人无完人
21.gaininbothfameandwealth名利双收
22.robPetertopayPaul拆东墙补西墙
23.wearandtear损坏;损耗
24.timeandtidewaitfornoman岁月不饶人
25.Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌
26.Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见
27.Aslowsparrowshouldmakeanearlystar笨鸟先飞
28.whitenight不眠之夜
29.Nodiscord,noconcord.不打不成交
30.Abirdmaybeknownbyitssong.什么鸟唱什么歌。
31.Onecan'tmakebrickswithoutstraw.巧妇难为无米之炊
32.thehighesteminenceistobegainedstepbystep}里之行始于足下
33.Pastexperience,ifnotforgotten,isaguideforthefuture.前事不忘,后事之师
GRE
CET
MBA
PETS
CEO
CPU
IT
ATM
ELT
GraduateRecordExamination
CollegeEnglishTest
MasterofBusinessAdministration
PublicEnglishTestSystem
ChiefExecutiveOfficercentralprocessingunitInformationtechnology
AutomaticTellerMachine
EnglishLanguageTeaching
SOSVIPDIYTOFELROMNATOFIFAAidsradar
Saveourship
veryimportantpersonDoityourself
TestofEnglishasaForeignLanguagereadonlymemory只读存储器TheNorthAtlanticTreatyorganizationFederationInternationaledeFootballAcquiredImmuneDeficiencysyndromeRadiodetectingandranging
True
1.Thereisaninfle