英国文学选读要点.docx
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英国文学选读要点
《英国文学选读》学习要点
（1）--文学常识
标签：
英国文学选读 要点 文学常识 分类：
英国文学选读课程2008-10-2123:
29
文学常识部分：
1. Poetryisthemostcompressedformofliterature.
2. Poetryiscomposedofcarefullychosenwordsexpressinggreatdepthofmeaning.
3. Poetryusesspecificdevicessuchasconnotation,sound,andrhythmtoexpresstheappropriatecombinationofmeaningandemotion.
4. Lyricalpoetrypresentsthedeepfeelingsandemotionsofthepoetasopposedtopoetrythattellsastoryorpresentsawittyobservation.
5. ShakespearewriteshissonnetsinthepopularEnglishformofthreequatrainsandacouplet.
6. Soliloquyindramaaspeech,oftenofsomelength,inwhichacharacter,aloneonthestage,expresseshisthoughtsandfeelings.
7. Plotisknownasthe“seriesofrelatedevents”.
8. Therearefivepartstoaplot:
introduction,risingaction,climax,fallingaction,resolution
9. Climaxisthe"turningpointofthestory".
10. Conflictdescribesthestrugglebetweentwocharactersorforces.
11. Thepurposeoftheshortstory'stitleistoinformreadersofstorycontent,toindicatemainidea,tocreatecuriosity
12. Symbolisanobjectorideathathasitsownmeaningandrepresentssomethingelseaswell.
13. Themeisthemainideaorauthor'sopinionaboutlifeexpressedinapieceofliterature.
14. Onecharacterisclearlycentraltothestorywithallmajoreventshavingsomeimportancetothischaracter-he/sheistheprotagonist.Theopposerofthemaincharacteriscalledtheantagonist.
15. Characterizationisthetechniqueswritersusetocreateanddevelopcharacters.
16. PointofViewistherelationshipbetweenthenarratorandthestory（whoistellingthestory）.
17. Awritertellshisstoryfromadifferentpointofview--narration.Thereare3pointsofviewwhentellingastory:
Firstperson:
Thenarrator"I";Omniscient:
All-knowingnarrator;LimitedOmniscient:
（thirdperson）
18. Settingisthetimeandplaceofthestory.
《英国文学选读》要点
（2）--诗人及其作品解读
标签：
英国文学选读 要点 诗人及 作品 解读 分类：
英国文学选读课程2008-10-2123:
36
1.IntroductionofWilliamShakespeare
Significance
l thegreatestEnglishpoetanddramatist
l certainlythemostimportantplaywrightoftheEnglishRenaissance
l LikelythemostinfluentialwriterinallofEnglishliterature
ThemeofSonnet18
Hissonnet18expressesthatbeautifulthingscanrelyontheforceofliteraturetoreacheternity.
Analysisofthepoem
l Thefirsttwoquatrainsfocusonthefairlord'sbeauty:
thepoetattemptstocompareittoasummer'sday,butshowsthattherecanbenosuchcomparison,sincethefairlord'stimelessbeautyfarsurpassesthatofthefleeting,inconstantseason.
l Summer--"summer"asametaphorforyouth,orperhapsbeauty,orperhapsthebeautyofyouth.
l Whatdoes“eternallines”meaninthelastbutonestanza?
l What’stherhymeofShakespeareanSonnet?
Questions1inpage14：
Thespeakeropensthepoemwithaquestionaddressedtothebeloved:
"ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?
"Thenextelevenlinesaredevotedtosuchacomparison.
l Inline2,thespeakerstipulateswhatmainlydifferentiatestheyoungmanfromthesummer'sday:
heis"morelovelyandmoretemperate."
l Thepoetdescribessummerasaseasonofextremesanddisappointments.Summer'sdaystendtowardextremes:
theyareshakenby"roughwinds";Inthem,thesun（"theeyeofheaven"）oftenshines"toohot,"ortoodim.Andsummerisfleeting:
itsdateistooshort,anditleadstothewitheringofautumn,as"everyfairfromfairsometimedeclines."
l Thefinalquatrainofthesonnettellshowthebeloveddiffersfromthesummerinthatrespect:
hisbeautywilllastforever（"Thyeternalsummershallnotfade..."）andneverdie.
l Inthecouplet,thespeakerexplainshowthebeloved'sbeautywillaccomplishthisfeat,andnotperishbecauseitispreservedinthepoem,whichwilllastforever;itwilllive"aslongasmencanbreatheoreyescansee."
2.GeoffreyChaucer（1340--1400）
Significance
| “thefatherofEnglishpoetry”（byJohnDryden）
| thefounderofmodernEnglish
| thefounderofEnglishrealisticliterature:
thegreatestliteratebeforeShakespeare
| HewasthefirsttobeburiedinWestminsterAbby,forhisgreatcontributiontothemakingofEnglishandliterature.
Chaucer’swritingstyle
|Hispoetryisfullofvigorandswiftness.
|HeenrichedthepoeticformsfortheEnglishpoetry.
|HeisthefirstpeoplewhomadetheLondonvernacularthelanguageofhisworkthusmakeitthefoundationformodernspeechandestablishingEnglishastheliterarylanguageofthecountry.
GeneralIntroductiontoTheCanterburyTales
Significance
| ItwasthelastofGeoffreyChaucer'sworks
| TheCanterburyTalesisChaucer’sMasterpieceandoneofthemonumentalworksinEnglishliterature.
| ItisoneofthelandmarksofEnglishliterature,perhapsthegreatestworkproducedinMiddleEnglish
| Itgivesusatruetolifepictureofhistime.TheworkstandsasahistoricalandsociologicalintroductiontothelifeandtimesofthelateMiddleAges
AnAnalysisoftheopeninglines
AsAprilcomes,thenarratorbeginsapilgrimagetoCanterburyfromtheTabardInnatSouthwerk.Twenty-ninepeoplemakethepilgrimagetowardCanterburyandthenarratordescribestheminturn.
| ThesearetheopeninglineswithwhichthenarratorbeginstheGeneralPrologueofTheCanterburyTales.Theimageryinthisopeningpassageisofspring’srenewalandrebirth.
| Afterthelongsleepofwinter,peoplebegintostir,feelingtheneedto“goononpilgrimages,”ortotraveltoasitewhereoneworshipsasaint’srelicsasameansofspiritualcleansingandrenewal.
AnanalysisoftheKnight
|TheKnightrepresentstheidealofamedievalChristianman-at-arms.TheKnightisfirsttobedescribedintheGeneralProloguebecausesocially,theKnightisbyfarthemostprestigiouspersononthepilgrimage.Heisthehighestonthesocialscale,beingclosesttobelongingtothehighestestate,thearistocracy.
FourmainqualitiesoftheKnight.
|ThefirstistheKnight’sloveofideals—“chivalrie”（prowess）,“trouthe”（fidelity）,“honour”（reputation）,“fredom”（generosity）,and“curteisie”（refinement）（GeneralPrologue,45–46）.
|ThesecondistheKnight’simpressivemilitarycareer.TheKnighthasfoughtintheCrusades,warsinwhichEuropeanstraveledbyseatonon-Christianlandsandattemptedtoconvertwholeculturesbytheforceoftheirswords.
|ThethirdqualitythenarratorremembersabouttheKnightishismeek,gentle,manner.
|Andthefourthishis“array,”ordress.TheKnightwearsatunicmadeofcoarsecloth,andhiscoatofmailisrust-stained,becausehehasrecentlyreturnedfromanexpedition.
3.IntroductionofJohnDonne（1572-1631）
Significance
l FounderofMetaphysicalSchool
l Donnewastheleadingexponentofastyleofpoetrycalled"metaphysicalpoetry,"whichflourishedinthelatesixteenthandearlyseventeenthcenturies.
l ThemoststrikingfeatureofDonne’sPoetryishisfrequentuseofconceit.
l Themainthemesofthemetaphysicalpoetsarelove,deathandreligion.
Ohstay,threelivesinonefleaspare,
l sparethreelivesinoneflea
l you,I,andtheflea
l Holytrinity:
Holyfather,Holyson,andHolyspirit
Whenwealmost,naymorethanmaryedare.
ThisfleaisyouandI,andthis
Ourmarriagebed,andmarriagetempleis;
church
Thoughparentsgrudge,andyou,w'aremet,
AndcloysterdintheselivingwallsofJet.
l live theflea
Thoughusemaketheeapttokillme,
Letnottothis,selfemurderaddedbee,
l Letself-murdernotbeaddedtothis
Andsacrilege,threesinnesinkillingthree.
l Donne’sfirstmetaphor:
threelivesinoneflea
l secondmetaphor:
comparesthefleatoa“marriagebedandmarriagetemple”
ThemesofHolySonnet10
HisHolySonnet10revealshisbeliefinlifeafterdeath.Deathismomentarilywhilehappinessafterdeathiseternal.
l Oneshortsleeppast,wewakeeternally,
Anddeathshallbenomore;Death,thoushaltdie.
1.Whatdoessleepmean?
Death.
2.Howdoyouunderstandweliveeternally?
Lifeanddeatharetwoperiods.Deathistheexpansionoflife.Shortlyafterourdeath,oursoulwillenterheavenandlivehappilyforever.
4.IntroductionofRobertBurns（1759-1796）
Significance
l ScottishpoetandwriteroftraditionalScottishfolksongs
l HeisthenationalpoetofScotland.RobertBurnsisrepresentativeofScotland.HehasbecomealmostanationalsymbolofallthingsScottish.
l thegreatestpoetScotlandinthelate18thcenturyhaseverproduced;
l aremarkablelyricistonthethemeofloveandfriendship;
l apatrioticpoetcallingfornationalindependence,liberty,equalityandfraternityforallthepeopleintheworld;
l apeasantpoetsharinghispeople’sfeelingsanddrawingmaterialformthefolklegendsandsongs;
l Hewasthepeople’spoet.Hecamefromthepeopleandwroteforthepeople.
l “ARed,RedRose”iswrittenasaballadwithfourstanzasoffourlines,orquatrainseach
§ThemesofARed,RedRose
Theme-thisisapoemofloveandreassurance.Burnsisleavinghisloveandintendstoreassureherofhisfidelityandloveforherinhisabsence.
5. IntroductionofWilliamWordsworth（1770-1850）
Significance
l HeisthethirdgreatestpoetandthegreatestlyricpoetinEnglishliterature.
l Heis
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