人教版初三上英语第10讲UNIT 5 语法篇学生版.docx
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人教版初三上英语第10讲UNIT5语法篇学生版
Unit5语法篇
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熟练掌握本模块的被动语态。
一、被动语态
（一）语态：
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
英语中有两种语态：
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
ManypeoplespeakChinese.谓语：
speak的动作是由主语manypeople来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者||，即行为动作的对象。
例如：
Chineseisspokenbymanypeople.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
（二）被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：
am／is／are＋spoken 一般过去时：
was／were＋spoken
一般将来时：
will／shallbe＋spoken 现在进行时：
am／is／arebeing＋spoken
过去进行时：
was/werebeing＋spoken 现在完成时：
have／hasbeen＋spoken
（三）被动语态的用法
（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：
Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
（2）强调动作的承受者||，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：
Thisbookwaswrittenbyhim.这本书是他写的。
Yourhomeworkmustbefinishedontime.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法
（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）（根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数||，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式）。
（3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语||，将主格改为宾格。
例如：
Allthepeoplelaughedathim.→ Hewaslaughedatbyallpeople.
Theymakethebikesinthefactory.→Thebikesaremadebytheminthefactory.
Hecutdownatree.→ Atreewascutdownbyhim.
（五）含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时||，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成
Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.
Theyshoulddoitatonce. →Itshouldbedoneatonce.
（六）特殊情况
1.Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.→Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.
2.JackgavePeteraChristmaspresentjustnow.
→
（1）AChristmaspresentwasgiventoPeterbyJackjustnow.
→
（2）PeterwasgivenaChristmaspresentbyJackjustnow.
1.silkinSuzhou？
A.Is||；producedB.Are||；produced
C.Does||；produceD.Do||；produce
2.（2019·广东佛山中考）Idon’tunderstandwhymoregirls todohouseworkthan
boysintoday’ssociety.
A.askedB.wereasked
C.areaskedD.ask
3.Theriveraftertheheavyrain.
A.hasbeenraisedB.hasbeenrisen
C.hasraisedD.hasrisen
4.—TheT-shirtfeelssoft.
—Yes.Itcotton.
A.ismadeofB.ismadein
C.ismadebyD.ismadeinto
5.howbusyheis||，heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.
A.PayattentiontoB.Nomatter
C.AccordingtoD.Thanksto
基础演练
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Hetoldusthatthemodelplane____（make）in1930.
2.When____theGreatWall_____（build）?
3.Umbrellasareusedfor____（keep）rainoff.
4.Who____they____（make）by?
5.Thepassage____（copy）justnow.
6.Thatmountainis_____（know）foritsbeauty.
7.Thisbagis____（make）ofpaper.
8.Theseshipsare____（make）inChina.
9.____（drink）teaisgoodforourhealth.
10.Someflowers_____（send）tohereveryFriday.
巩固提高
单项选择。
1.---Couldyoutellmewhothetoy_____by?
---Sorry||，Idon’tknow.
A.makesB.made
C.ismadeD.wasmade
2.Thelightbulbgivespeoplemoretime_____everyday.
3.A.toworkandplayB.workandplay
C.toworkandplayingD.workingandplaying
3._____anewlibrary____inyourschoollastyear?
A.Is||；builtB.Was||；built
C.Does||；builtD.Did||；built
4.Themonkeywasseen____outofthetree.
A.jumpB.jumps
C.jumpedD.tojump
5.Teaisproduced_____manydifferentareas.
A.atB.in
C.onD.to
单项选择。
1.---Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?
---Yes.Ourclassroom____everyday.
A.cleanB.cleans
C.iscleanedD.iscleaning
2.---Mum||，canIgotothezoowithJack?
---Whenyourhomework_____||，youcan.
A.isdoneB.wasdone
C.doesD.did
3.Treesandflowers____everyyeartomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.
A.isplanted
B.wasplanted
C.areplanted
D.wereplanted
4.ThebookBusiness@theSpeedofThought____in2019.
A.writesB.iswritten
C.wroteD.waswritten
5. A new hospital_____________in my town next year.
A.builds B. built
C. is built D. will be built
6. English ____ in Canada.
A.speaks B.are spoken
C.is speaking D.is spoken
7.This English song _______ by the girls after class .
A. often sings B.often sang
C.is often sang D.is often sung
8.Thepaper||，usuallyred||，____beforeit____.
A.isfolded||；iscutB.folded||；cut
C.isfolded||；cutD.folds||；iscut
9.Thesilkdress____sosmooth.It’smadeinChina.
A.smellsB.tastes
C.feelsD.looks
10.Couldyoutellmewhothenovel____?
A.waswrittenB.waswrote
C.waswrittenbyD.wrote
二.完形填空。
先通读下面的短文||，掌握其大意||，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
ManypeoplethinkthatAmericans 1 theircarsalmostmorethananythingelse.When 2__peoplearefourteenyearsold||，theywanttohavetheir__3 cars.Theydon’t ask foracarfromtheir 4__.Somanyofthemworkin _5_ timeduringtheir last yearofhighschoolto buy acar.Learningto 6_andgettingadriver’slicensemaybeoneofthemostexcitingthingsinayoungperson’slife.
Somepeoplealmost 7_gotoadoctorwhentheyareill.Buttheywill__8_ their
carstoagarageassoonasthey think thereisa 9 .OnSaturdaysorSundayssomepeople may10most oftheirtimewashingandrepairingtheircars.
1.A.prefer B.love C.drive D. play
2.A.little B.big C.old D.young
3.A.new B.own C.expensive D.cheap
4.A||，friends B.teachers C.parents D.brothers
5.A.free B.busy C.study D.good
6.A.make B.mend C.wash D.drive
7.A.always B.never C.often D.usually
8.A.take B. carry C.pull D. lift
9.A.question B.wrong C.mistake D. problem
10.A.cost B.get C.spend D.use
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一、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.It’ssointerestingthatmostofthe____（produce）intheshopsaremadeinChina.
2.Englishis____（wide）usedallovertheworld.版权所有
3.____（much）oftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.
4.Children____（notallow）toruninthehallwayatschool.
5.Thepen___（use）forwriting.
二．阅读理解。
A
Sally:
ananimaldoctor
What’stheworstthingthat’severhappenedinyourjob?
Probablythedogthatbitme.Itwasn’tabig one -Idon’tmindthebigones.Thesmallonesaretheworst.Itgavemeaverynastybite.
Haveyoueverdoneanyotherjobs?
Yes||，IdiddifferentkindsofjobswhenIwasastudent.OnesummerIdidfruit-pickinginSpain.
What’stheworstjobyou’veeverdone?
InordertoimprovemyEnglish||，IworkedforarichfamilyinNewYork.IneverhadadayoffandIhadtodoeverything–cooking||，cleaning||，shopping-andlookaftertheirhorriblechildren.IleftaftertwoweeksandmanagedtogetajobasawaitressinanItalianrestaurant.
Leo:
anactor
What’stheworstthingthat’severhappenedinyourjob?
Somanybadthingshavehappened-butIthinkmyworstmomentwaswhenIreadmyfirstbadreviewinthenewspaper.Theywroteterriblethingsaboutme||，andIwassoupset.AfterthatIdidn’treadmyreviewsanymore.
Haveyoueverdoneanyotherjobs?
Ohyes||，it’shardtomakealivingasanactor.SoI’vedonelotsofpart-timejobsovertheyears.Forexample||，I’veworkedinashop||，soldicecreamatthebeachandhandedoutpublicityflyersinthestreet.
What’stheworstjobyou’veeverdone?
TheworstjobI’veeverdonewasatanegg-packingfactory.Workingconditionsareterrible-youstandforhoursattheendofabelt||，puttingeggsintoboxes.Youcan’thaveabreak||，andifyouwanttogotothetoilet||，youhavetoaskforpermission.Andworstofall||，thesmellwasterrible-I’venevereatenaneggsincethen.
1.Accordingtotheinterview||，wedon’tknowwhethertheanimalhasworkedin______.
A.US. B.Spain
C.Italy D.England
2.HowdoesLeolikethejobinanegg-packingfactory?
A.Itwashard. B.Itwasenjoyable.
C.Itwaseasy. D.Itwasterrible.
3.Leoworkedinthefollowingplacesexcept .
A.arichfamily B.ashop
C.thestreetD.anegg-packingfactory
4.WhichofthefollowingstatementaboutSallyandLeoisNOTright?
A.Sallywasafraidofthesmalldogs.
B.SallyworkedforarichfamilyinNewYorkforonly2weeks.
C.Leoworkedatanegg-packingfactoryinordertolearnEnglish.
D.Leocouldn’tgotothetoiletwithoutpermissionintheegg-packingfactory.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“upset”meaninChinese?
A.高兴的B.惊讶的
C.沮丧的D.兴奋的
6.WhatdoLeoandSallyhaveincommon?
A.Theybothhaveworkedinseveralcountries.
B.Theyarebothanimaldoctors.
C.Theybothhavenevereateneggs.
D.Theybothhavedonedifferentjobsandnevergiveup.
B
Thousandsofyearsago||，thekingsofEgyptbuiltstrongtombsforthemselves.Overthesetombstheybuiltpyramids.Theythoughttheirbodieswouldbewellkeptinthesetombsuntiltheycouldcomebacktolife.Theyalsohopedtheworldwouldlookonthepyramidsasmonumentstothemandwould rememberthemforever.
Thereareabout80pyramidsinEgypt.ButtheGreatPyramidisthebiggestofall.Itisnearly5||，000yearsold.Itisabout137metershightoday||，butitwasoncehigher.Itismadeof2||，300||，000hugestones.Mostofthemarehigherthanamanandweighabouttwoandahalftonseach.Someweighasmuchasfifteentons.Ittookmorethan100||，000mentwentyyearstobuild
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