行为因素在地下矿井安全管理中的作用毕业论文外文翻译.docx

行为因素在地下矿井安全管理中的作用毕业论文外文翻译.docx

《行为因素在地下矿井安全管理中的作用毕业论文外文翻译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《行为因素在地下矿井安全管理中的作用毕业论文外文翻译.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

行为因素在地下矿井安全管理中的作用毕业论文外文翻译

英文原文

Theroleofbehavioralfactorsonsafetymanagementinundergroundmines

P.S.Paula,andJ.Maiti,a,,aDepartmentofIndustrialEngineeringandManagement,IIT,Kharagpur721302,WestBengal,India

Abstract：

Traditionalapproachesonthepreventionofaccidents/injuriesinminesreacheditslimitofeffectivenessinimprovingsafetyperformanceandafreshapproachisutmostrequired.Behavioralsafetyanalysishasbeenidentifiedasaneffectivealternativeinmanyindustries.Thispaperisthereforesoughttoexaminetheroleofbehavioralfactorsontheoccurrenceofmineaccidentsandinjuriesthroughacasestudy.DatawerecollectedfromtwoneighboringundergroundcoalminesoperatingunderalargepublicsectororganizationofIndia.High–lowplotsandt-testweredonetoexplorethedifferencesbetweenbehavioralcharacteristicsofaccidentinvolved（case）andnon-involved（control）workers.Howthesedifferencescouldcauseaccidents/injuriesinmineswasestimatedthroughstructuralequationmodeling.Thecasestudyresultsshowthataccidentgroupofworkers（cases）aremorejobdissatisfied,negativelyaffected,andhighlyrisktakingcomparedtothenon-accidentgroupofworkers（controls）.Theaccidentmodelpathanalysisshowsthatnegativeaffectivity,jobdissatisfaction,andrisktakingbehaviorspredictanincreasednumberofinjuriesinmines.Apartfromdirectinfluencestoworkinjuries,negativeaffectivityandjobdissatisfactionmakeworkerstotakemorerisksandbehaveunsafely.Thesefindingscontributetothedesignofsafetyprogramsincludingsafetytraining,whichshouldbebehaviorallymotivated.Minesafetymanagementofthecasestudyminesshouldoutskirttheirageoldbeliefthataccidents/injuriesareduetohazardousnatureofminingandonlyengineeringcontrolandregulatorymonitoringaresufficientforimprovingsafetyofthemines.Themultivariateanalysisalsoshowsthatexperiencebearsnorelationshipswithworkinjuryindicatingthatalessexperiencedworkerisequallylikelytobeinjuredasanexperiencedworker.Itimpliesthatexperiencethoughhelpsworkersinunderstandingthephysicalhazards,however,avoidingtheimminentdangerismuchmorebehavioral.Thevariablesnegativeaffectivity,jobdissatisfaction,andrisktakingbehaviorsarethereforecrucialinavoidingaccident/injuriesinmines.

Keywords:

Minesafetymanagement;Occupationalinjury;Behavioralfactors;Structuralequationmodeling

1.Introduction

ApproachestomanagingsafetygivingemphasissolelyonmanagementstylesfollowedinthepostWorldWarIIeraarenowreferredtoas‘traditional’.Thetraditionalsafetymethodshavebeenresponsibleforsomesignificantimprovementinsafetyovertheyears.However,thoughsomeofthemostcommonandsevereaccidentswereeliminated,theresultsfromtraditionalmethodsfollowedthelawofdiminishingreturnssomuchsothatafreshapproachisconsideredessentialintheareaofminesafety.Thefieldofbehavioralanalysis（behaviorbasedsafety）has,therefore,beenidentifiedasanimportantapproachwithdirectapplicationintheareaofoccupationalsafetyleadingtosignificantimprovement（Krauseetal.,1999）.Thebehavioralapproachnotonlyemphasizesthepinpointingofdesiredperformancebutalsoprovidesapositivemeansofmotivatingworkerstoperforminaconsistentlysafemanner.

Behaviorbasedsafetywhichgotitsstartinthe1970s,buthasgainedinpopularityinthe1990sisfoundedontheprinciplesandproceduresofaparticularsubdisciplineofpsychologycalledappliedbehavioranalysis.Behaviorbasedsafetyprogramsfocusoneffort（behavior）ratherthanresults（i.e.,numberofaccidents）.Proponentsofbehavior-basedsafetybelievethatfocusingonsafeworkbehaviorsleadtoreductionofat-risk-behaviorsand,ultimatelyreducedaccidentsandinjuries.KrauseandRussell（1994）confirmthatriskybehavioriscommonlypresentinmostinjurysituationswherepeopleareinjured.Whenaninjuryrelatedtobehavioroccurs,itishighlylikelythatthissameattitudehasnotcausedinjurypreviously.Hence,riskybehaviormanifestedregularly,becomesapartofthesystem（commoncause）.Therefore,itisthesecauseswhichmustbeidentified,moresothanthespecialones,because,oncefound,theydonotrequirereactions,suchasdisciplining,newregulations,etc.,butfundamentally,animprovementofthesystem.Behaviorbasedsafetyinterventionsarepeoplefocusedandareoftenbasedupononetooneorgroupobservationsofemployeesperformingroutineworktasks,feedbackonsafetyrelatedbehavior,coachingandmonitoring（Coxetal.,2004）.Behaviorbasedsafetyprogramsconsistofemployeetrainingregardingsafeandat-riskbehaviors,systematicobservationsandrecordingoftargetedbehaviors,feedbacktoemployeesregardingthefrequencyandpercentageofsafeversusat-riskbehaviors,andincentivetoencouragetheobservationandfeedbackprocess.ThepioneeringworkofimprovingworkplacesafetyutilizingbehavioralapproachestosafetywasdonebyKomakietal.（1978）.Theirstudyreportedthatbehavioralsafetyprogramsencouragedemployeestoactsafely.SimilarfindingswereechoedbystudiesofCooperetal.,1994,Krauseetal.,1999andCoxetal.,2004.

Coxetal.（2004）intheirstudywithinUKreactorplantsconfirmedthatbehavioralsafetyprovidedconsiderablevaluetostudytheorganizationasitsupportedculturalrealignmenttowardsa‘safetyfirst’culture.Cultureingeneral,andsafetycultureinparticular,isoftencharacterizedasanenduringaspectoftheorganization（CoxandCheyne,2000）.OrganizationalsafetycultureasreportedbyCoxandCheyne（2000）composedof（i）anorganizationalattributewhichmanifestsinsafetypolicy,systemsandprocesses,structuresandreports,（ii）perceptionsoftheorganizationswhichmanifestinemployee,contractors,andexternalperceptions,and（iii）individualperceptionswhichmanifestinemployeescommitment,attitudes,responsibilityandbehaviors.

Theorganizationalapproachestosafetyfocusonorganizationalfactorsaffectingsafety,bothmacroandmicrolevels,whichstemthroughimprovedprocessandprocedure,managementpolicies,supervisionandtraining,management-workersrelationships,managementcommitmentandothers.Severalrecentpublicationsoninjuryinvestigationpointtotheincreasingimportanceoftheroleoforganizationalfactors,asantecedentstothesequenceofaninjury.AmongstthesestudiesarethoseofTurner,1978,Wright,1986,WagenaarandGroeneweg,1987,Shrivastava’sBhopal,1987,Dawsonetal.,1991,Hurstetal.,1991,Embrey,1992,SimardandMarchand,1995,HofmannandStetzer,1996,KampandKrause,1997,Brownetal.,2000andCoxandCheyne,2000.Wright（1986）,forexample,hadinvestigatedtherelevanceoforganizationalfactorsasthegenesisofthesequenceoftheinjurysituation,andidentifiedthreeareasnamelydangerousprocesses,production/taskrelatedpressureandcommunicationasthemajorantecedentstothesequenceofaninjury.WagenaarandGroeneweg（1987）inastudyinwhichtheyreviewonehundredinjurysituationsatseatodeterminethetypesofhumanerror,alsodetectedorganizationalfactorssuchasinformationprocesses,andsocialpressureaffecthumanbehaviors.Turner（1978）inhisstudiesofworksitedisasterspointedoutthatcommunicationproblemscontributetoinjurycausation.Heargued,however,thattheeventsthatcausedisastersaccumulatebecausetheyareignoredormisinterpreted,astheresultofhabitsorroutine,falsebeliefs,inadequatecommunication,thoughtlessnormsorinstructionsandunjustifiedoptimism.Healsoemphasizedthatsafetypracticesrequiretheinterventionofmanagementandalltheworkforce.Managersmustcreateapositivesafetycultureandanopenatmosphereoflearninginwhicherrorsandincidentscanbeopenlydiscussedwithoutblameorrecrimination.Atamoreorganizationallevel,Shrivastava’sBhopal（1987）statesthatinjuriesaretheconsequenceofthefollowingthreefactors（i）humanbeings（ii）organizationsand（iii）technologyused.Otherauthorshavealsovoicedequallytotheabovefactors.Embrey（1992）,forexample,identifiedkeyfactorsoforganizationthatmayhaveaninfluenceonthedevelopmentofsafety:

thebalancebetweensafetyandproduction,timepressure,communicationandco-ordinationsystemsandthesafetyculture.Dawsonetal.（1991）similarlyconcludedthatthechannelsofcommunicationandthesafetyculturearetwokeyfactorsthatmayinfluencetheunderstandingoftechnicalandsocialsystemsoforganizationbytheworker.Intheirstudy,SimardandMarchand（1995）investigatedthepropensityofworkgroupstotakesafetyinitiativesandtheinfluenceofvariousorganizationalfactorsthatmayimpactonworkers’safetybehaviors.Theyfoundthatthemicroorganizationalfactorssuchaswork-processandhazards,workgroupcohesivenessandco-operation,andsupervisor’sexperienceandapproachestosafetymanagementaretheprimarydeterminantsofthepropensityofworkgroupstotakesafetyinitiatives.SimilarfindingswerereportedbyReason,1995andReason,1997forrailaccidents,andCairdandKline（2004）forhighwayaccidents.

Studiesontheperspectiveofworkplacesafetythereforeunfoldtwomajorcategoriesoffactorsnamely,individualandorganizational.Theauthorsrepresentingtheviewundertheindividual-as-causeheadingconcludedthatemployee’sattitudesandbehaviorsarethemostimportantantecedentstounsafeacts,accidents,andinjuries.Thegeneralimplicationshereisthatemployeecenteredfixescansolvesafetyproblems（Brownetal.,2000）.Although,theresearchersaremostcertainlyawareoftheroleoforgan