南京师范大学2010年10月学位英语培训班听力专题.doc
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英语听力中对话的命题规律和测试重点
对话部分考查的重点有：
1）地点
根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。
地点题一般有以下几种：
根据信息词设题
W:
Dear,Ifeelhungrynow.Howaboutyou?
M:
SodoI.Letmecallroomservice.Hello,roomservice.Pleasesendamenuto320rightaway.
Q:
Wherearethetwospeakers?
A.Inahotel.
B.Atadinnertable.
C.Inthestreet.
D.Attheman’shouse.
该题通过hungry和menu来迷惑同学们,引导大家选择B,其实,本题所借助的信息词是roomservice和320这个房间号,答案是A。
M:
Excuseme,I’mlookingfortheemergencyroom.Ithoughtthatitwasonthefirstfloor.
W:
Thisisthebasement.Taketheelevatoroneflightupandturnleft.
Q:
Wheredidtheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
A.Inalibrary
B.Inahotel.
C.Inahospital.
D.Inanelevator
本题设题所依据的信息词是emergencyroom,只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为C。
借助对话中提到的多个地点设题
有时对话中提到的地点不只一个,这时,一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。
这种情况下,同学们不必考虑信息词问题,只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。
如：
M:
Ididnotseeourbossyesterday.Hashecomeback?
W:
HewasjustbackfromFrancebesidesvisitingBritain,Germany,andSpain.
Q:
Whichcountrydidthewomanvisitfirst?
A.France
B.Britain
C.Germany
D.Spain
四个地点都是访问过的地点,要求能够分清先后。
答案为B。
M:
Canyoustayfordinner?
W:
I’dloveto.ButIhavetogoandsendsomeregisteredmailbeforepickingupthechildrenfromschool.
Q:
Wherewillthewomangofirst?
A.Totheschool
B.Toafriend’shouse.
C.Tothepostoffice.
D.Home
本题借助registeredmail设题,答案是C。
但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题,要求同学们能听出是"首先到……地方"。
M:
WillMr.Smithcometothepartyattheweekend?
W:
He’llbesupposedto,buthewon’tbebackfromhistripuntilthenextweek.
Q:
WherewillMr.SmithbeonSaturday?
A.Attheparty
B.Athome
C.Stillonhistrip
D.Backfromhistrip.
本题是将地点与时间连在一起,要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间,答案为C。
下面是常见的场景中可能出现的词汇：
Hospital:
medicine,operation,doctor,nurse,ward,headache,temperature,bloodpressure,dizzy,prescription,patient,fever,cough,visitingtime,emergency,dentist
Bank:
account,check,interestrate,cash,dollar,deposit,pound,openanaccount,withdrawsomemoney,moneyorder,
Post-office:
stamp,parcel,telegram,airmail,registeredmail,envelop,postage,express,ordinarymail
Hotel:
receptiondesk,frontdesk,porter,roomservice,double/singleroom,tip,vacantroom,checkin/out,roomservice,reserve,morningcall
Restaurant:
order,drink,soup,steak,menu,bill,dessert,beef
It’smytreat.
Let’sgoDutch.
Areyoureadytoordernow?
I’mfull.
Store:
size,style,fashion,counter,cashier
I’dliketosee…
WhatcanIdoforyou?
IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?
Airport:
departure,takeoff,gate,greenchannel,flight,checkin,
boardingpass登机牌，securityclearance安检
2）职业、身份
根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是听力测试中又一常见题型。
该题型的题项设计有两种：
（1）说话者自身的身份或职业
根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：
W:
Goodevening,ProfessorDavid.MynameisSusanGray.I’mwiththelocalnewspaper.DoyoumindifIaskyouafewquestions?
M:
Notatall.Goahead,please.
Q:
WhatisSusanGray?
A.Awriter.
B.Ateacher.
C.Areporter.
D.Astudent.
由localnewspaper可以判断说话者是位记者,在采访。
M:
HowaboutthefoodIordered?
I’vebeenwaitingfor20minutesalready.
W:
I’mverysorry,sir.I’llbebackwithyourorderinaminute.
Q:
Whoisthemanmostprobablyspeakingto?
A.Ashopassistant.
B.Atelephoneoperator.
C.Awaitress.
D.Aclerk.
与order有关的自然是waitress,答案为A。
说话双方之间的关系
该题型是上一题型的延伸,要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份,问题经常是
What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?
W:
Howlongwillittakeyoutofixmywatch?
M:
I’llcallyouwhenit’sready.Butitshouldn’ttakelongerthanaweek.
Q:
Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?
A.Librarianandstudent.
B.Operatorandcaller.
C.Bossandsecretary.
D.Customerandrepairman.
既然女士让男的fixmywatch,说明对方是repairman,而自己是customer。
M:
Sorrytotroubleyou.Butisthereanypossibilityofborrowingablanket?
Ifeelcold.
W:
Ithinkwe’vegotone.Couldyouwaituntilaftertake-offplease?
Q:
Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?
A.Aguestandareceptionist.
B.Apassengerandanairhostess.
C.Acustomerandashopassistant.
D.Aguestandawaitress.
take-off一词的使用说明女的是空姐,答案自然是B。
M:
MakethirtycopiesformeandtwentycopiesforMr.Brown.
W:
Certainlysir.AssoonasImakethefinalcorrectionsontheoriginal.
Q:
What’stherelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?
A.Bossandsecretary.
B.Lawyerandclient.
C.Teacherandstudent.
D.Nurseandpatient.
两人间说话的语气和方式表明是"老板与秘书"的关系。
3）计算题
计算题在英语听力中属于比较难的题型,要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念,还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。
如：
M:
Yoursonseemstohavemademuchprogressinplayingthepiano.Doesheattendanypianoclasses?
W:
Yes,hetakeslessonstwiceaweek,butfromnextweekon,hewillgototheclassonSaturdayevenings,too.
Q:
Howoftenwillthewoman’ssonhavepianolessonsfromnextweekon?
A.Onceaweek.
B.Twiceaweek.
C.Threetimesaweek.
D.Fourtimesaweek.
两次加一次自然是三次,答案是C。
W:
ProfessorClarksaidthatthemid-termexamwouldcoverthefirst15lessons.
M:
Really?
Ithoughtitonlyincludedthefirst12lessons.ThenImustspendtheweekendgoingovertherestofthelessons.
Q:
Howmanylessonsmustthemanreviewovertheweekend?
A.Fivelessons.
B.Threelessons.
C.Twelvelessons
D.Fifteenlessons.
这是最简单的计算题,只要同学们不将答案误认为是C或D,就不会出错。
W:
Here’sa10-dollarbill.Givemetwoticketsfortonight’sshowplease.
M:
Sure.Twoticketsandhereis1.40change.
Q:
Howmuchdoesoneticketcost?
A.1.40.B.4.30.C.6.40.D.8.60
10美元,两张票,找零1.40美元,说明每张票为4.30美元。
从以上例子可以看出,含有数量概念的题,对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案,总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。
4）言外之意、弦外之音
推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。
从试题的设计特点来看,大体有一下几种：
（1）对虚拟语气的考查
包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有"是与非"相对的选项,这就要求了解虚拟语气的表意功能,根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。
如：
W:
I’mthinkingofgoingtoAustinforavisit.Doyouthinkit’sworthseeing?
M:
Well,IwishIhadbeenthere.
Q:
Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
A.ThemanisplanningatriptoAustin.
B.ThemanhasnotbeentoAustinbefore.
C.Themandoesn’tlikeAustin.
D.ThemanhasbeentoAustinbefore.
IwishIhadbeenthere.说明说话人没有去过。
W:
Ifithadn’tbeensnowingsohard,Imighthavebeenhomeby9o’clock.
M:
It’stoobadyoudidn’tmakeit.Janewashereandshewantedtoseeyou.
Q:
Whathappenedtothewoman?
A.Shegothomebefore9o’clock.
B.Shehadabadcold.
C.Shehadacaraccident.
D.Shewasdelayed.
Ifithadn’tbeensnowingsohard,Imighthavebeenhomeby9o’clock.说明因为雪太大,说话者未能在9点前到家。
也就是说shewasdelayed。
（2）对建议的考查
建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式,根据建议选择正确选项。
如：
W:
Themoviestartsin5minutesandthere’sboundtobealongtime.
M:
Whydon’twecomebackforthenextshow?
I’msureitwouldbelesscrowded.
Q:
Whatisthemansuggesting?
A.Comingbackforalatershow.
B.Waitinginaqueue.
C.Comingbackinfiveminutes.
D.Notgoingtothemovietoday.
Whydon’t…?
是一种建议表达方式,根据该句所表达的内容可以判断答案是A。
W:
Wedoneedanotherbookshelfinthisroom.Buttheproblemisthespaceforit.
M:
Howaboutmovingtheolddiningtabletothekitchen？
Q:
Whatdoesthemansuggesttheyshoulddo?
A.Findingalargerroom.
B.Selltheoldtable.
C.Buytwobookshelves.
D.Rearrangesomefurniture.
根据movingthediningtabletothekitchen来判断答案为D。
建议的表达方式还有：
Whynot…?
Whatdoyouthinkof…?
IfIwereyou,Iwould…
IfIwereinyourshoes,Iwould…
Shallwe…?
Isuggest….
You’dbetter…
Yououghtto….
对话题的考查
话题指会话双方所谈论的话题,要求同学们具有概括能力。
如：
W:
Doyouwantadaycourseoraneveningcourse?
M:
Well,itwouldhavetobeaneveningcoursesinceIworkduringtheday.
Q:
Whataretheytalkingabout?
A.Thechoiceofcourses.
B.Adaycourse.
C.Aneveningcourse.
D.Theirwork.
两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课,由此可以判断答案应该是A。
M:
Iwasterriblyembarrassedwhensomeoftheaudiencegotupandleftinthemiddleofthe performance.
W:
Well,somepeoplejustcan’tseemtoappreciatethereal-lifedrama.
Q:
Whataretheytalkingabout?
A.Amovie.
B.Alecture.
C.Aplay.
D.Aspeech.
从对话中的audience,performance与其说drama可以判断他们所谈论的是aplay。
4）同义表达方式的考查
听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式，也就是对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。
如：
M:
WhatdoyouthinkofProfessorBrown’slecture?
W:
Thetopicwasinteresting,butthelecturewasmuchmoredifficulttofollowthanIhadexpected.
Q:
Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthelecture?
A.Itwasalonglecture,buteasytounderstand.
B.Itwasnotaseasyasshehadexpected.
C.Itwasasdifficultasshehadexpected.
D.Itwasinterestingandeasytofollow.
与muchmoredifficulttofollowthanIhadexpected同义的应该是B。
M:
Nancy,whywereyoulatetoday?
W:
Ioversleptandmissedthebus.
Q:
WhywasNancylate?
A.Shegotuplaterthanusual.
B.Thebuswaslate.
C.Sheforgotshehadclass.
D.Herclockwasslow.
overslept也就是gotuplaterthanusual。
M:
Didyoumindcomingbackbycoachinsteadofbytrain?
W:
No,wedidn’tmindatall.Ittookalotlonger,butitwasverycomfortableanditwasmuchcheaper.
Q:
Howdidthewomanfeelaboutthecomingbackbycoach?
A.Shefeltitwastiring.
B.Shefeltitwasverynice.
C.Shefeltittooklesstime.
D.Shethoughtitwasexpensive.
从comfortable和muchcheaper来看，女士的感觉应该是verynice，答
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