最新2013版自考英语二精讲讲义.docx

最新2013版自考英语二精讲讲义.docx

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Unit1-ACriticalReading（批判性阅读）

1.criticaladj.有判断力的；判断公正（或审慎）的

2.non-fictionn.纪实文学

3.positionn.观点；态度；立场

4.statementn.说明；说法；表态

5.questionv.表示疑问；怀疑

　outofquestion/outofthequestion毫无疑问/不可能的

补：

incharge管理；掌管

inthecharge由…负责；由…管理（被动）

6.evaluatev.估计；评价；评估

7.contextn.事情发生的背景，环境，来龙去脉

8.valuen.values[pl.]是非标准；价值观

　valuable

　invaluable=priceless无价的；

　valueless=无价值的

9.representv.描述；表现

　representativeadj./n.

10.assertionn.明确肯定；断言

11.sufficientadj.足够的；充足的

　sufficiency

　insufficient不够的；不充分的in-：

否定前缀

12.statisticn.statistics[pl.]统计数字；统计资料

13.integratev.（使）合并，成为一体

14.authorityn.专家；学术权威；泰斗

　an/theauthorityonsth.

　authorize

15.comparev.比较；对比

　compareAwithB把A和B进行比较

　compareAtoB把A比成B。

（打比方）

16.subjectn.主题；题目；题材

17.consistentadj.相符的；符合的

18.inconsistencyn.不一致

19.assumptionn.假定；假设

20.casen.具体情况；事例

　incase万一；以防；（用一般时）

　incaseoffire万一发生火灾；incaseof万一发生

　incasethat…万一发生…情况。

　acaseinpoint

　confirmed/suspectedcases确诊病例/疑似病例

21.directlyadv.直接地；径直地

22.identifyv.找到；发现

23.validadj.符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的

　validityn.有效性，正确（性）

　invalid无效的；有病的

24.credibleadj.可信的；可靠的=believeable

　incredible=unbelievable不可信的；

25.landmarkn.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑

26.relevantadj.紧密相关的；切题的

　relevancyn.关联；恰当

　irrelevant

27.currentadj.现时发生的；当前的

28.appropriateadj.合适的；恰当的

　inappropriate

　It's（not）appropriatethat….+虚拟语气

29.biasn.偏见；偏心；偏向

30.considerablyadv.非常；很；相当多地

　consider

　considering介词、连词鉴于；考虑到；

　considerable相当…的；

　considerate体贴；考虑周到的；

　considerationn.考虑

31.Democratn.（美国）民主党党员，民主党支持者民

32.Republicann.（美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者

33.reflectv.显示；表明；表达

34.informedadj.有学问的；有见识的

　well-informed博学的；

　ill-informed无知的；

PhrasesandExpressions

1.applyto使用；应用

2.putforth提出；产生

3.take…intoaccount考虑到；顾及

4.accept/take…atfacevalue相信表面；信以为真

5.withagrainofsalt有保留地；持怀疑态度地

sometime：

一段时间；sometime：

某个时间

sometimes：

有时；sometimes：

次数；倍数

CriticalReading（批判性阅读）

1.①Criticalreadingappliestonon-fictionwritinginwhichtheauthorputsforthapositionorseekstomakeastatement.Criticalreadingisactivereading.Itinvolvesmorethanjust（不只是，不仅仅是）understandingwhatanauthorissaying.Criticalreadinginvolvesquestioningandevaluatingwhattheauthorissaying,andformingyourownopinionsaboutwhattheauthorissaying.Herearethethingsyoushoulddotobeacriticalreader.（启下句）

2.Considerthecontextofwhatiswritten.Youmaybereadingsomethingthatwaswrittenbyanauthorfromadifferentculturalcontextthanyours.②Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.③Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.

②Or,youmaybereadingsomethingwrittensometimeagoinadifferenttimecontextthanyours.

③Ineithercase,youmustrecognizeandtakeintoaccountanydifferencesbetweenyourvaluesandattitudesandthoserepresentedbytheauthor.

3.Questionassertionsmadebytheauthor.Don'tacceptwhatiswrittenatfacevalue.Beforeacceptingwhatiswritten,becertainthattheauthorprovidessufficientsupportforanyassertionsmade.Lookforfacts,examples,andstatisticsthatprovidesupport.（承上句）Also,looktoseeiftheauthorhasintegratedtheworkofauthorities.

4.Comparewhatiswrittenwithotherwrittenworkonthesubject.④Looktoseethatwhatiswrittenisconsistentwithwhatothershavewrittenaboutthesubject.Ifthereareinconsistencies,carefullyevaluatethesupporttheauthorprovidesfortheinconsistencies.（承上句）

5.Analyzeassumptionsmadebytheauthor.⑤Assumptionsarewhatevertheauthormustbelieveistrueinordertomakeassertions.Inmanycases,theauthor'sassumptionsarenotdirectlystated.Thismeansyoumustreadcarefullyinordertoidentifyanyassumptions.（承上启下句）Onceyouidentifyanassumption,youmustdecidewhetherornottheassumptionisvalid.

6.Evaluatethesourcestheauthoruses.Indoingthis,becertainthatthesourcesarecredible.Forexample,Einsteinisacrediblesourceiftheauthoriswritingaboutlandmarkachievementsinphysics.Alsobecertainthatthesourcesarerelevant.Einsteinisnotarelevantsourcewhenthesubjectispoetry.（承上句）Finallyiftheauthoriswritingaboutasubjectinitscurrentstate,besurethatthesourcesarecurrent（启下句）.Forexample,studiesdonebyEinsteinintheearly20thcenturymaynotbeappropriateifthewriterisdiscussingthecurrentstateofknowledgeinphysics.

7.Identifyanypossibleauthorbias.⑥AwrittendiscussionofAmericanpoliticswilllikelylookconsiderablydifferentdependingonwhetherthewriterisaDemocratoraRepublican.⑦Whatiswrittenmayverywellreflectabiasedposition.Youneedtotakethispossiblebiasintoaccountwhenreadingwhattheauthorhaswrittenwith"agrainofsalt."

8.Bybeingacriticalreader,youwillbecomebetterinformedandmaychangeyourviewsasappropriate.

Unit1-BTheLanguageofConfidence

1.confidencen.自信心；把握

　相关词：

confident

　beconfidentofsb./sth.对sb.有信心；

　have/loseconfidenceinsb./sth.

　注意比较：

confident/confidential有信心的/机密的；

2.programv.训练；培养

3.masteryn.控制；驾驭

4.destinyn.命运；天命；天数

5.dramaticallyadv.巨大地；惊人地；显著地

6.qualityn.质量；品质

7.subconsciousadj.下意识的；潛意识的

8.pleasev.使满意；使愉快

9.commandn.（给人或动物的）命令

10.knowinglyadv.故意地；蓄意地

11.impactn.巨大影响；强大作用

12.matterv.事关紧要；有重大影响

13.confidentadj.自信的；有自信心的

14.sensen.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识

15.eliminatev.排除；清除；消除

　eliminateallgrammaticalmistakes

　beeliminatedinthefirstround第1轮被淘汰；

16.disempowerv.剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量

　注意构词法：

dis（表示否定）+me（使，赋予）+power

　en-/me-常见的动词前缀，如：

enable,enrich,endanger,enlarge等。

　empowerv.授权，赋予权利

17.self-esteemn.自尊（心）

18.limitv.限制；限定

　区分两个名词limit（限度）和limitation（局限性）。

　Thereisalimit/arelimitstoone'slife.

　Thereisnolimit/arenolimitstoknowledge.

　Everyonehashisownlimitations.

19.infiniteadj.极大的；无法衡量的

　相关词：

finite（adj.）,finitely（adv.）,infinitely（否定副词.）

20.stiflev.压制；扼杀；阻止

21.creativityn.创造力

　相关词：

create,creation,creator,creative（adj.）,creatively（adv.）

22.internaladj.内心的；头脑中的

23.insignificantadj.微不足道的；无足轻重的

　相关词：

significant,significance,significantly,insignificance

24.commonlyadv.通常；常常

25.alternativen.可供选择的事物，替代物

　havenoalternativebuttodosth.除了…别无选择；

　Isthereanyalternativetogoingtothecinema?

不看电影还有其他选择么？

26.fabulousadj.极好的；绝妙的

PhrasesandExpressions

1.carryout完成（任务）

2.beupto取决于

3.haveanimpacton/upon对…产生巨大影响

4.rub…out用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）

5.beincontrolof掌管；管理；控制

TheLanguageofConfidence（自信的语言）

1.Thelanguageweuseprogramsourbrains.Masteringourlanguagegivesusagreatdegreeofmasteryoverourlivesandourdestinies.Itisimportanttousethelanguageinthebestwaypossibleinordertodramaticallyimproveourqualityoflife.

2.Eventhesmallestofwordscanhavethedeepesteffectonoursubconsciousmind,whichislikeachild,anditdoesn'treallyunderstandthedifferencebetweenwhatreallyhappensandwhatyouimagine.①Itiseagertopleaseandwillingtocarryoutanycommandsthatyougiveit-whetheryoudothisknowinglyornotisentirelyuptoyou.

3.Itisasmallwordyetithasanamazingimpactuponus.Ifsomeonesays,"I'lltrytodothat"youknowthattheyarenotgoingtobeputtingtheirwholeheartintoit,andmaynotevendoitatall.②Howoftendoyouusethewordtrywhentalkingaboutthethingsthatmattertoyou?

Doyousay"I'lltrytobemoreconfident"or"I'lltrytodothat"or"I'lltrytocall"?

4.Thinkaboutsomethingthatyouwouldliketoachieve,andsayittoyourselfintwodifferentways.Firstlysay,"I'lltryto…"andnoticehowyoufeel.Nextsay,"Iwilldo…"andseehowyoufeel.。

5.③Thelattermakesyoufeelbetterthanthefirstone,doesn'tit?

Itgivesyouasenseofdetermination,afeelingthatitwillbedone.Listentothepeoplearoundyouandwhentheysaytheywilltrynoticeifitgetsdoneornot.Eliminatethewordtryfromyourdictionaryandseehowyourlifeimproves.（承上句）

6.Thisisanothersmallwordwithabigimpact.Itdisempowersus,makesusfeelweakandhelpless,anddamagesourself-esteem.④Itlimitsourinfiniteabilitiesandstiflescreativity.Rubitoutfromyourinternaldictionaryandreplaceitwithsomethingthatmakesyoufeelgreat.

7.Insteadofsayingyoucan't,whynotsaysomethinglike"Ichoose（愿意）…"or"Ichoosenotto…".Usingwordslikethisallowsyoutotakebackyourpowerandtobeincontrolofyourlife.

8.Wordsmayappearsmallandinsignificant,yettheycanhaveadeepandlastingeffectonus.⑤Masteringyourlanguagegivesyouthepowertolivewhateverlifeyoudesire.

9.Whatwordsdoyouusealotthatdisempoweryou?

Makealistofwordsyoucommonlyuseandthenwritenexttothemsomealternativesyoucanuse.（承上句）⑥Makethesealternativeswordsthatmakeyoufeelfabulous,notonlyaboutyourself,butaboutlifeandwhatyouaredoing!

（承上句）

Unit2–ASpiltMilk（打翻的牛奶）

1.spillv.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出

2.respondv.作出反应；响应

　respondto…

　response

3.interviewv.（媒体）采访，访问

4.creativeadj.创作的

5.occurv.发生；出现

Itoccurredtomethat…

6.removev.拿开；去掉

7.refrigeratorn.冰箱

8.gripn.紧握；紧抓

9.slipperyadj.滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）

10.contentn.所容纳之物；所含之物

11.veritableadj.十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的

12.yellv.叫喊；大喊；吼叫

13.lecturen.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责

14.messn.肮脏；杂乱；不整洁

15.rarelyadv.罕有；很少；不常

　rareanimals/stamps

　Rarelyishelateforclass.

16.pu