江苏高考英语二轮培优复习专题四任务型阅读第三讲信息概括题习题docWord文件下载.docx
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womanhasfallenfrom4.9intheearly1960sto2.5nowadays.Furthermorearound
50%oftheworld’spopulationliveinregionswherethefigureisnowbelowthe
replacementlevel（i.e.2.1birthsperwoman）andalmostalldevelopednationsare
experiencingsub-replacementbirthrate.Youmightthinkthatdevelopingnations
wouldmakeuptheloss（especiallysince80%oftheworld’speoplenowliveinsuch
nations）butyou’dbewrong.Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmany
developingregionstoowhichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforce
withinafewdecades.
Itwouldbedifficultfordevelopedcountriestomaintainthe（72）________of
population.
分析第一步根据题干大意可定位到文章第二段。
第二步根据第二段内容特别是“almostalldevelopednationsareexperiencing
sub-replacementbirthrate”和
“Decliningbirthrateisamajorprobleminmany
developingregionstoowhichmightcausecatastrophicglobalshortagesofworkforce
2withinafewdecades.”可知发达国家保持人口的现有规模也是困难重重。
size/scale
表示“尺寸大小规模”符合文意。
第三步确定答案为size/scale。
[
典例2]（2017·
江苏高考）InthenorthofIndiathepopulationisboomingdueto
highbirthrates
butinthesouthwheremosteconomicdevelopmentistakingplace
birthrateisfallingrapidly.Inafurthertwistbirthrateishighestinpoorly
educatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducatedurbanareas.Intotal25%of
India’sworking-agepopulationhasnoeducation.In2030asixthofthecountry’s
potentialworkforcecouldbetotallyuneducated.
LeavingasidethebirthrateissueIndia’seconomymaytakeoffwhenthecountry
achieves（78）________ofeducationalopportunity.
分析第一步根据题干中的“India’s
economy”以及“educational”可以定位到文
章第五段。
第二步根据第五段中对于印度人口出生率以及经济发展与教育的关系的叙述可以得出这样
的结论印度若能实现公民受教育机会的平等化它的经济会有大的增长。
第三步确定答案为equality。
[知识链接1]信息概括常用词
1.原因与结果reason（for）resultcause（of）consequence
2.异同点与优缺点differencesimilarity;
advantagedisadvantage
3.功能function
4.观点与态度opinionview（on/about）viewpointidea;
attitude（to/towards）
5.评论与评价comment（on）remark（on/upon）assessment
6.方式与方法meanswaymethod（of）;
solutionapproach（todoingsth）（take）
measures（todosth）
7.目的purposeaimgoal
8.积极与消极positivenegative
9.建议advicesuggestiontip
10.概括与总结summaryconclusion
11.特点featurecharacteristic
12.种类kindtypecategoryclass
313.精神上与身体上mentallyphysically
14.影响influenceimpacteffect（on）
15.情形状况situationcondition
16.方面与项目条款aspectitem
17.材料materials
18.知识与消息knowledgeinformation
19.日程计划scheduleagenda
20.百分比percentage
21.性别sex
22.年龄age
23.（不）熟悉familiar/unfamiliar
24.个人个人的individual
25.细节descriptiondetail
26.文化culture
27.责任（take）responsibility
28.贡献（make）contributions（to）
29.重要valueimportancesignificance
30.比较contrastcomparison
31.时期periodtime
32.存在existenceexist
33.人口population
34.天气与气候weatherclimate
35.位置location
36.主题theme
37.背景settingbackground
38.情节plot
39.高潮climax
40.反对者与支持者opponentsupporter
[知识链接2]同义替换常考词汇
41
resultfromarisefrom由„„导致
2atrandomrandomly随意地
3inparticularparticularly尤其特别
4inpeacepeacefully平静地安宁地
5inadvanceaheadoftime（schedule）预先
6inpartpartly在一定程度上
7insilencesilently寂静地沉默地
8inharmonyharmoniously和谐地
9beaccusedofbechargedwith被指控
10putforwardcomeupwith提出
11onbehalfofrepresent代表
12showupturnupappear出现
13includingsthsthincluded包括某物
14beexposedtoexposureto暴露于接触到
15accountformakeup占据„„比例
16lacksthbeshortofsthbelackinginsth缺少某物
17athandhandy在手边
18escapefromflee逃离
19stand/bear/tolerate/putupwith忍受
20atthesametimemeanwhile同时
21makefunoflaughatteasemock取笑
22treatsbbadlyabusesb虐待某人
23takeprideinbeproudof对„„感到自豪
24bedressedinwearsth穿着„„
25burstintotearsburstoutcrying突然大哭
26lookaftertakecareofattendto照顾
27compensateformakeupfor补偿
28onlineontheInternet在网上
29matter/count/beimportant重要
530
catchonpopularize流行
31takeupoccupy占据
32believeintrust信任
33takeinsthabsorbsth理解吸收某物
34starvetodeathdieofhunger/starvation饿死
35accompanysbkeepsbcompany陪伴某人
36turntosbforhelpasksbforhelp向某人求助
37100years1century10decades100年
38afortnighttwoweeks两周
39everyyearyearlyannual每年的
40363dozen3打
41facesthbefacedwithsth面对某事
42facingsthfacedwithsth（状语）面临某事
43supportbeinfavoroffavorsubscribeto支持
44beofuse/valuebeuseful/valuable对„„有用
45dowithdealwithcopewithhandle处理
46beabsorbedinbelostinbeburiedin专心于„„
47
objecttodoingsthopposedoingsthbeopposedtodoingsthraisean
objectiontodoingsth反对做某事
48convincesbmakesbconvinced使某人信服
49theremainingmoneythemoneyleft剩下的钱
50nowandthensometimesoccasionally有时
51makeanapologytosbapologizetosb向某人道歉
52avarietyofn.
varietiesofn.variousn.各种各样的„„
53makefulluseofmakethemost（best）oftakeadvantageof利用
54
berelatedtobeassociatedwithbelinkedtobeconnectedwith跟„„有
关
55putoffdoingdelaydoingpostponedoingbuytimetodo推迟做
56anapproachtodoingsthawayofdoingsthawaytodosthhowtodo
6做某事的方法
57replaceBwithAsubstituteAforBtaketheplaceofBwithA用A替代B
58resemblelooklikebesimilartobeararesemblanceto像类似于
59sbmakessenseofsthsbunderstandssth某人明白某事
60beaccessibletohaveaccesstobeavailableto可获得的
61bedrunkwithbeaddictedtobehookedon沉迷于
62managetodosthsucceedindoingsth（设法）做成某事
63
tobehonest/frank/stricthonestly/frankly/strictlyspeaking坦率地/直白地
/严格地说
64betired/sickofbeboredwithbefedupwith对„„感到厌倦
65haveanedge/advantageoverbesuperiortobebetterthan胜过比„„强
66
beconsistentwithbeinlinewithcorrespondwithagreewith与„„相一
致
67taketheplaceofAbeinplaceofAreplaceA取代A
68atyourconveniencewhenitisconvenientforyou当你方便时
69onone’sownbyonselfalone独自地
70beaware/consciousofrealizerecognize意识到
71beresponsiblefortakeresponsibilityforanswerfor对„„负责
72inspiteof/despite短语though/although/while/as句子虽然（用as要倒装）
73beyondbeliefincredibleunbelievable难以置信的
74
outofthequestionimpossible不可能的
outofquestionnoproblem没问题
75beunawareoffailtonoticeoverlookignoreneglect忽视
76stress/underline/emphasizetheimportanceofsth强调某事/物的重要性
77
sthbenefitssbsthbebeneficialtosbsthbeofbenefittosbsbbenefits
fromsth某人从某事中受益
78makepreparationsforbeinpreparationsforpreparefor为„„做准备
79
takeanactivepartinsthtakepartinsthactively积极参加某事
haveapositiveinfluenceoninfluencesthpositively
7对某物有积极影响
80sthkillssbsthcostssbthelifesthclaimsone’slife某物杀了某人
81betiredoutbewornoutbeexhaustedbeburntoutbeweary累坏了
82comeintobeing/existenceform/exist存在形成
83makeone’sdreamcometruerealize/achieveone’sdream实现某人的梦想
84beoverendput...toanendcometoanend结束
85
don’t/neverdoavoiddoingkeepawayfromdoing
避免做
86beabletodosthbecapableofdoingsth能够做某事
87
useuprunoutof用光
runoutgiveoutbeusedup耗尽
88causesbtoparticipateinsthinvolvesbinsth让某人参加某事
89
AberesponsibleforBAcauses/resultsin/leadstoB
A是B的起因
90bringabout/resultin/leadto/contributeto/accountfor/cause/makefor导致
A
（2018·
苏北四市高三第一次调研）
Ownershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyoubought
somethingyouownedit.Ifyoubrokeityoufixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit
yousolditorthrewitaway.Somefirmsfoundwaysofsqueezingoutmoreprofitin
theafter-saleservicesusingauthorizedrepairshopsandstrategiessuchas
sellingcheapprintersandexpensiveinkwhichhoweverdidnotchallengethenature
ofownership.
Inthedigitalageownershiphasbecomemoreambiguous.Sincethearrivalofsmart
phonesconsumersareforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheir
devices;
theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Butasmoredigitaldevicesarespringing
upwhoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbe
8awarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.
Needlesstosaymanufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasingly
complextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyrightensurethattheir
machinesdonotmalfunction（发生故障）
maintainenvironmentalstandardsandprevent
hacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct’ssoftwareforthe
owners’benefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonthTeslaastart-upfor
electricvehiclesremotelyupgradedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsome
modelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.
Themoredigitalstrings（数字串）areattachedtogoodsthemorethebalanceof
controltilts（倾斜）towardsproducersandawayfromowners.Alreadythishasgiven
risetocontroversy（争议）overowners’propertyrights.Itemsfromsmartphones
towashingmachineshavebecomeincreasinglyhardtofixmeaningthattheyarethrown
awayinsteadofbeingrepaired.Privacyisalsoatrisk.Userswerealarmedwhenit
cameoutthatiRobotaroboticvacuumcleaner
notonlycleansthefloorbutcreates
adigitalmapofthehome’sinteriorthatcanthenbesoldtoadvertisersthou
升级会员 