U11Word下载.docx

U11Word下载.docx

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TheImpactofGlobalizationonInternationalBusiness

[Para5]Globalizationhasbecomeamajorissueinthe21stcenturyforinternationalbusinesses.Somearguethatglobalizationhascreatedmanyopportunitiesforinternationalbusinessesandorganizations,whileothersarguethatglobalizationhasledtocomplicationsandmanythreats.

[Para6]Oneoftheopportunitiescreatedbyglobalizationforinternationalbusinessesisthatitcreatesbiggermarkets.Corporationsgetachancetoexpandtheirbusinessestodifferentpartsoftheworld,whichmeansthattheycanreachagreaternumberandvarietyofpeople.

[Para7]Anotheropportunitycreatedbyglobalizationiswhatwecallthebusinesscycle?

Bysellingandproducingproductsindifferentcountries,aninternationalcompanycanbeabletospreaditsrisksanduncertaintiesofaneconomicdownturninaparticularpartoftheworldbydiversifyingitsbusinessglobally.

[Para8]Besidestheopportunitiesglobalizationcreatesforinternationalbusinesses,ithasalsocreatedsomethreats.Thebiggestthreatinternationalbusinesseshavetodealwithisthatoflocalgovernments.Asbusinessesbecomemoreandmoreinternationalduetoglobalization,governmentshavebecomeextremelyprotectiveoflocalcompanies.

[Para9]Toprotectthesecompanies,governmentshaveimposednumeroussortsofbarriersandregulationstokeeptheimportofforeigngoodsataminimum.Anothertacticthesegovernmentsusetoprotecttheirlocalmarketsistheintroductionofheavyrestrictionsforforeign-ownedcompaniestobeestablishedintheircountry;

thisisalsoknownasredtape.Tocounterthisthreatinternationalbusinessescanengageinastrategicalliancewithalocalcompany,whichmakesthempartlocal,partinternational.

[Para10]Anotherthreatinternationalbusinessesfaceislanguageandculturaldifferences.Ithasbecomeharderforinternationalbusinessestooperateinabroadrangeofcountries,allofthemwithdifferentlanguagesandcultures.Themainobjectiveofaninternationalcompanyistocombineitsbusinesspracticesfromthedifferentcountriesinwhichitoperatestoattainthelowestpossibleproductioncostandhighestpossibleprofit.Thiscan’talwaysbedonebymassproduction,becauseeveryculturehasitsownsetofvaluesandbeliefs,whicharenotoftenconsistent.AproductthatsellsgoodincountryAmaynotdothatwellincountryBandthereforeaninternationalcompanymustbeabletomodifytheirproductioncapabilitiestothespecificneedsofthecountrieswhichtheytarget.Thisrequiresintensivemarketanalysisforeachofthemarketstheywishtoenter.

[Para11]Thefinalthreatinternationalbusinessesfaceistheincreasingimportanceofethics.Whatisacceptedandseeninonecountryasrightcanbeseeninanothercountryasterriblywrong,forexamplebribery.Thiscanleadtoproblemswhenhavingtomakedecisionsinaninternationalcompany.However,theproblemofethicscanbefoundinalllayersofmanagementincompaniesaroundtheworld,localaswellasglobalandmustbesolvedbyeachindividualemployeeofthecompany.

[Para12]Globalizationcancreatemanyopportunitiesaswellasthreats.However,thesethreatscanbeeliminatedorreducedsothattheirimpactwillnotbefeltentirelybytheinternationalcompany.Sincethethreatscanbeminimizedandtheopportunitiescanleadtohigherprofits,weconcludethatglobalizationcanhaveapositiveeffectoninternationalbusinessesaslongastheinternationalcorporationsremainnationalresponsiveandknowexactlywhattheyareupagainstwhenenteringforeignmarkets.

GoodorBad?

[Para13]InhisbookTheLexusandtheOliveTree,ThomasFriedmanwrote:

[Para14]"

Globalizationisnotaphenomenon.Itisnotjustsomepassingtrend.Todayitisanoverarchinginternationalsystemshapingthedomesticpoliticsandforeignrelationsofvirtuallyeverycountry,andweneedtounderstanditassuch."

[Para15]Asthoughtfulpeopleconcernedaboutworldaffairs,ourjobistopickup"

globalization,"

examineitfromallsides,dissectit,figureoutwhatmakesittick,andthennurtureandpromotethegoodpartsandmitigateorslowdownthebadparts.

[Para16]Globalizationismuchlikefire.Fireitselfisneithergoodnorbad.Usedproperly,itcancookfood,sterilizeequipment,formiron,andheatourhomes.Usedcarelessly,firecandestroylives,townsandforestsinaninstant.AsFriedmansays:

"

Globalizationcanbeincrediblyempoweringandincrediblycoercive.Itcandemocratizeopportunityanddemocratizepanic.Itmakesthewhalesbiggerandtheminnowsstronger.Itleavesyoubehindfasterandfaster,anditcatchesuptoyoufasterandfaster.Whileitishomogenizingcultures,itisalsoenablingpeopletosharetheiruniqueindividualityfartherandwider."

[Para17]Globalizationhasdangersandanuglydarkside.Butitcanalsobringtremendousopportunitiesandbenefits.Justascapitalismrequiresanetworkofgoverningsystemstokeepitfromdevouringsocieties,globalizationrequiresvigilanceandtheruleoflaw.

[Para18]Anti-trustlaws,theSecuritiesandExchangeCommission,laborunions,charities,theFederalTradeCommission,andcountlessotheragenciesandorganizationskeepAmericancapitalismincheck.Similartransparentmechanismsareneededtomakesureglobalizationisapositiveforceintheworld.

[Para19]Globalizationwillalwayshavecheerleaderswhoareblindtothedestructionglobalizationcancause.Anditwillalwayshavestridentopponentsblindtothewayglobalizationgivessomepeopletheirfirstopportunitytofulfillbasicaspirations.

[Para20]Aswithmostissues,themajorityofpeoplewillbeinthemiddle.Theywillseeglobalizationnotassomethingtoworshipordemonize.Instead,theywillseeitassomethingtomold,shapeandmanageforthebettermentofeveryone.

NewWords

*

alliance[]

n.

联盟，联合

aspiration[]

热望，渴望

barrier[]

障碍物，屏障；

贸易壁垒

betterment[]

改良

**

bribery[]

行贿，受贿，贿赂

cheerleader[]

拉拉队长

coercive[k]

adj.

强制的，强迫的

commonplace[]

平凡的事，平常话

consistent[k]

一致的，调和的

counter[]

vt.

反对，反击

democratize[di]

（使）民主化，（使大家）有更多的权利

***

demonize[]

使成为魔鬼

destruction[dis]

破坏，毁灭

devour[di]

吞没，毁灭

dissect[di]

把…解剖，切开仔细研究

diversify[dai]

使多样化；

做多样性投资

downturn[]

低迷时期

empowering[im]

授权的，给予权利的

ethics[]

道德规范

globalization[]

全球化，全球性

homogenize[h]

vt.&

vi.

（使）均匀

撞击，对…发生影响

incredibly[in]

adv.

尤其，非常；

不能令人置信地

individuality[]

n.

个性，个人特性；

个人嗜好

intensive[in]

adj.

精深的，透彻的

mechanism[]

机制

minnows[]

鲤科小鱼（一种非常小的鱼）；

无足轻重的小组织/公司

mitigate[]

vt.

减轻

modify[]

更改，修改；

使…适合（to）

mold[m]

浇铸，塑造

nurture[]

培育，养育

overarching[]

包罗万象的，影响深远的

panic[]

恐慌

protective[pr]

（of）给予保护的,保护的

sterilize[]

杀菌，消毒

strident[]

刺耳的，尖锐的，强烈的

synonym[]

同义词/字

vigilance[]

警戒，警惕（性）

SpecialTerms

anti-trustlaw

反垄断法

businesscycle

商业周期

diversifyingone’sbusiness

给自己公司做多样化投资

economicdownturn

经济低迷时期

enterthemarket

进入市场

theFederalTradeCommission

联邦贸易委员会

foreign-ownedcompany

外国企业/公司

internationalbusiness/company

国际公司，跨国公司

laborunion

工会

layersofmanagement

管理层面

localmarket（company）

本地市场（公司），本国市场（公司）

marketanalysis

市场分析

massproduction

批量生产

nationalresponsive

符合国家要求的反应

oliveTree

油橄榄树

productioncost

生产成本

redtape

官样文章,红头文件

theSecuritiesandExchangeCommission

证券交易委员会

sellgood/well

销路好

NotestothePassage

1.[Para2]JustastheDepression,theColdWarEra,theSpaceAge,andtheRoaring20'

sareusedtodescribeparticularperiodsofhistory…

这几个用来描述历史时代的专门术语分别译作“经济萧条时期”（20世纪30年代）、“冷战时期”、太空时期（20世纪60年代开始到80年代末前苏联解体）和“咆哮的二十年代”，当时爵士乐盛行。

2.[Para3]Whilesomepeoplethinkofglobalizationasprimarilyasynonymforglobalbusiness,itismuchmorethanthat.

本句中的while表示让步，全句译成：

尽管有人认为全球化基本上就是全球经济的同义词，但全球化的意义要远远超越全球经济。

3.[Para4]Thesameforcesthatallowbusinessestooperateasifna