课后阅读训练 Unit 4 Period 4文档格式.docx
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“Ifsomeoneyou’retryingtoinfluencedoesn’ttrustyou,you’renotgoingtogetveryfar”,Cuddysays,“Awarm,trustworthypersonwhoisalsostrongelicits（博得）admiration,butonlyafteryou’veestablishedtrustdoesyourstrengthbecomeagiftratherthanathreat.”
InCuddy’sbookshealsoexplainssomeofthesciencethatcanhelpyouspotaliar.
Whenapersonislyingtherearelikelytobedifferencesbetweenwhattheyaresayingandwhattheyaredoing,shesuggests.
“Lyingishardwork,”shewrites,“We’retellingonestorywhilesuppressinganother,andmostofusareexperiencingpsychologicalguiltaboutdoingthis,whichwe’realsotryingtosuppress.Wejustdon’thavethebrainpowertomanageitallwithoutlettingsomethinggo-without‘leaking’.”
“It’sabouthowwellorpoorlyourmultiplechannelsofcommunications—facialexpressions,posture,movement,vocalqualities,speech—co-operate,”sheadds.
“Whenwe’reconsciouslylookingforsignsofcheatortruth,wepaytoomuchattentiontowordsandnotenoughtotheexternalbodylanguage,”theprofessoradds.“Truthrevealsitselfmoreclearlythroughactionsthanitdoesthroughourwords.”
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述与人相处时,第一印象是要赢得他人信任,而不是显示能力或赢得别人的尊重。
1.AccordingtoAmyCuddy,whichisthemostsignificantinputtingacrossagoodimpression?
A.Levelofknowledge.
B.Levelofreliability.
C.Levelofcompetence.
D.Levelofflexibility.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
按照AmyCuddy的说法,给人好印象最重要的是信任感。
2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“backfire”inthepassage?
A.Causesomethingunpleasanttohappen.
B.Addmorefueltomakeabiggerfire.
C.Haveanunexpectedandundesiredeffect.
D.Walkbackwardsandmakeafire.
【解析】选C。
词义猜测题。
AmyCuddy说“只注重赢得别人的尊重而不能赢得别人的信任,结果会适得其反,事与愿违”,故选C。
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofProfessorCuddy’sconcepts?
A.Trustismoreimportantthanrespecttowinagoodimpressioninmeetingpeopleforthefirsttime.
B.Youngpeopletendtowinpeople’srespectinsteadofwinningpeople’strustearlyonintheircareers.
C.Howfarawayapersongoesdependsonwhetherheorsheestablishestrustamongpeoplearound.
D.Liarsareunlikelytobeidentifiedinthattheirwordsmatchtheiractionswell.
【解析】选D。
推理判断题。
文章中说说谎者很容易被人发现,因为语言和行动总会有不一致的地方,会露出马脚的,所以D项描述不正确。
4.Whatcanbelearnedaccordingtothepassage?
A.Somepeopletendtothinkdisplayingcompetencetogainrespectmakesagoodimpression.
B.Aliaralwaysexperiencesafeelingofguiltwhenalieisleaked.
C.Whenmultiplechannelsofcommunicationco-operatepoorly,aliarcanhardlybespotted.
D.Wordsandactionsareequallysignificantindecidingwhetherapersonistrustworthy.
【解析】选A。
认为通过展示自己的能力而赢得别人的尊重就会给人好印象,这是一部分人的观点,所以选项A正确。
不是所有说谎者都会有愧疚感,故B不正确。
如果交流的多种方式相互之间不能很好配合,说谎者就很容易被发现,故C不正确。
行动比语言更能明确一个人是否值得信赖,故D不正确。
B
Formanyparents,raisingateenagerislikefightingalongwar,butyearsgobywithoutanyclearwinner.Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,theparent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:
WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontrolandwhatyoudo?
Bothsideswantpeace,butneitherfeelsithasanypowertostoptheconflict.Inpart,thisisbecauseneitheriswillingtoadmitanyresponsibilityforstartingit.Fromtheparents’pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents’completeunreasonableness.Andofcourse,theteensseeitinexactlythesameway,exceptoppositely.Bothfeeltrapped.
Inthisarticle,I’lldescribethreeno-winsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.Thefirstno-winsituationisquarrelsoverunimportantthings.Examplesincludethecoloroftheteen’shair,thecleanlinessofthebedroom,thepreferredstyleofclothing,thechild’sfailuretoeatagoodbreakfastbeforeschool,orhistendencytosleepuntilnoononweekends.Second,blaming.Thegoalofablamingbattleistomaketheotheradmitthathisbadattitudeisthereasonwhyeverythinggoeswrong.Third,needingtoberight.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatthetopicis—politics,thelawsofphysics,ortheproperwaytobreakanegg—thepointoftheseargumentsistoprovethatyouarerightandtheotherpersoniswrong,forbothwishtobeconsideredanauthority—someonewhoactuallyknowssomething—andthereforetocommandrespect.Unfortunately,aslongasparentsandteenscontinuetoassumethattheyknowmorethantheother,they’llcontinuetofightthesebattlesforeverandnevermakeanyrealprogress.
【语篇概述】本文介绍了家长与孩子发生冲突的三种情况,对家长与孩子的交流有直接的启示作用。
5.Whydoestheauthorcomparetheparent-teenwartoaborderconflict?
A.Bothcancontinueforgenerations.
B.Bothareaboutwheretodrawtheline.
C.Neitherhasanyclearwinner.
D.Neithercanbeputtoanend.
由第一段可直接判断答案为B项。
6.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?
A.Theteensblametheirparentsforstartingtheconflict.
B.Theteensagreewiththeirparentsonthecauseoftheconflict.
C.Theteensaccusetheirparentsofmisleadingthem.
D.Theteenstendtohaveafullunderstandingoftheirparents.
句意理解题。
由上文Fromtheparents’pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents’completeunreasonableness.可知父母在责备孩子的无理,当然他们就以同样的方式回敬,从而责备父母挑起冲突。
7.Parentsandteenswanttoberightbecausetheywantto_______.
A.giveorderstotheother
B.knowmorethantheother
C.gainrespectfromtheother
D.gettheothertobehaveproperly
由文中Third,needingtoberight.Itdoesn’t...andthereforetocommandrespect.可推断出C项符合题意。
8.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?
A.Causesfortheparent-teenconflicts.
B.Examplesoftheparent-teenwar.
C.Solutionsfortheparent-teenproblems.
D.Futureoftheparent-teenrelationship.
篇章结构题。
纵观全文得知本文只是提出了问题——三种冲突情况,接下来自然要解决问题;
重点关注最后一段第一句话中的“...andthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.”,所以C项最佳。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Today,IwasphoningatanATMthatwassituatedinsideapetrolbunk.Thesecurityguardwhowasa72-year-oldman 1 remindedmethatIcouldnot 2 mycellphoneinsidetheATM.WhenIcameoutside,Ihadastrong 3 totalkwithhim.
Atfirst,Ifeltalittlesympathetic（同情的）.Inmy 4 ,heseemedlikeapoor,elderlymanwhowasstillworkingatthisATM.Iendedup 5 him.Hespoketomeabouthisfamily,and 6 abouthissonanddaughter.Hetoldmethathis 7 alwayscaredforhim,eventhoughshewasmarriedherself.Thenhe 8 hisboy,who“hasaheartofstone”.Headvisedmetosave 9 formyoldage,andI 10 himforhisadvice.
Aswe 11 ,heopenedupquiteabit.He 12 lovedtellingmeabouthislife—hisfamily,hislimitedincome,andhowthefamilywerestill 13 inspiteofallthedifficulties.Ihadnothingtogiveexcepttime.Ithoughtaboutgivinghimmoney, 14 itdidn’tfeelquiteright.Ihadmadethemistakeinthepast,andaswespoke,itbecame 15 thathewantedmytime.Notmymoney.Ididnotwanttotakeawayhisdignity（尊严） 16 givinghimmoney.
Bythetimetheconversation 17 ,Iwasclosetotears.Ordinarypeople—whengiventheopportunityto 18 theirstory—arerealgems（难能可贵的人）.Sometimes,timeandpresencearethebest 19 youcangive.Itcertainlymademe 20 listeningandbeinthepresenceofthiselderlyman.
【语篇概述】本文是记叙文。
在谈话中,贫穷的老人谈论他的家人、有限的收入和快乐的日子,作者一直在耐心地倾听。
在作者看来,倾听是给予老人最好的礼物。
1.A.kindly B.rudely C.quietly D.secretly
逻辑推理题。
联系下文中作者和老人所进行的友好交谈可以推知,老人友好地（kindly）提醒作者。
2.A.buyB.findC.hideD.use
背景常识题。
根据上文中的Iwasphoning...可知,老人提醒作者不要在里面使用（use）手机。
3.A.surpriseB.method
C.wishD.order
词义辨析题。
下文中作者介绍了他们谈话的内容,由此可知作者有和他谈话的愿望（wish）。
4.A.suggestionB.impression
C.attitudeD.dream
句中...heseemedlikeapoor,elderlyman的语境说明此处指作者的印象（impression）。
5.A.quarrelingwithB.listeningto
C.hearingfromD.laughingat
由文章最后一句Itcertainlymademe...listening...可知,作者倾听（listeningto）老人说话。
6.A.immediatelyB.actually
C.finallyD.especially
下文老人提到了自己的两个孩子,所以这里指老人特别地（especially）谈到他的儿子和女儿。
7.A.bossB.friend
C.daughterD.mother
根据下文中的Thenhe...hisboy...可知此处老人说到他的女儿（daughter）。
8.A.describedB.praised
C.introducedD.rescued
说完女儿之后,老人又描述（described）他的儿子。
9.A.timeB.moneyC.energyD.life
老人建议作者攒钱（money）养老。
10.A.helpedB.showed
C.calledD.thanked
作者感谢了（thanked）老人的建议。
11.A.playedB.workedC.spokeD.left
文中叙述了作者和老人的谈话,所以此处是“当我们谈话（spoke）的时候”。
12.A.simplyB.hardly
C.nearlyD.widely
他只是（simply）喜欢谈论他的生活,包括家人、收入等。
13.A.busyB.nervousC.poorD.happy
联系inspiteofal
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