课后阅读训练 Unit 4 Period 4.docx
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课后阅读训练Unit4Period4
课后阅读训练
Unit4 Period4
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Whenyoumeetsomeoneforthefirsttime,doyouputacrossagoodimpression?
Andwhatdowemeanby“good”inthecontext?
AccordingtoPresence,anewbookbyHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorAmyCuddy,peopleassessyouontwomaincriteriawhentheyfirstmeetyou:
1.CanItrustthisperson?
2.CanIrespectthisperson?
Yourleveloftrustworthiness,orwarmth,isthemostimportantfactorinhowpeopleinitiallyadmireyou,Cuddysays-yetmanymistakenlybelievethatthesecondfactor,characterizedascompetence,ismoreimportant.“Fromanevolutionaryaspect,”Cuddywrites,“itismoreimportanttooursurvivaltoknowwhetherapersondeservesourtrust.”
Whiledisplayingcompetenceiscertainlybeneficial,particularlyinaworksetting,Cuddywarnsthatfocusingonwinningpeople’srespect,whilefailingtowintheirtrust,canbackfire—acommonproblemforyoungprofessionalsattemptingtomakeagoodimpressionearlyonintheircareers.
“Ifsomeoneyou’retryingtoinfluencedoesn’ttrustyou,you’renotgoingtogetveryfar”,Cuddysays,“Awarm,trustworthypersonwhoisalsostrongelicits（博得）admiration,butonlyafteryou’veestablishedtrustdoesyourstrengthbecomeagiftratherthanathreat.”
InCuddy’sbookshealsoexplainssomeofthesciencethatcanhelpyouspotaliar.
Whenapersonislyingtherearelikelytobedifferencesbetweenwhattheyaresayingandwhattheyaredoing,shesuggests.
“Lyingishardwork,”shewrites,“We’retellingonestorywhilesuppressinganother,andmostofusareexperiencingpsychologicalguiltaboutdoingthis,whichwe’realsotryingtosuppress.Wejustdon’thavethebrainpowertomanageitallwithoutlettingsomethinggo-without‘leaking’.”
“It’sabouthowwellorpoorlyourmultiplechannelsofcommunications—facialexpressions,posture,movement,vocalqualities,speech—co-operate,”sheadds.
“Whenwe’reconsciouslylookingforsignsofcheatortruth,wepaytoomuchattentiontowordsandnotenoughtotheexternalbodylanguage,”theprofessoradds.“Truthrevealsitselfmoreclearlythroughactionsthanitdoesthroughourwords.”
【语篇概述】本文主要讲述与人相处时,第一印象是要赢得他人信任,而不是显示能力或赢得别人的尊重。
1.AccordingtoAmyCuddy,whichisthemostsignificantinputtingacrossagoodimpression?
A.Levelofknowledge.
B.Levelofreliability.
C.Levelofcompetence.
D.Levelofflexibility.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
按照AmyCuddy的说法,给人好印象最重要的是信任感。
2.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“backfire”inthepassage?
A.Causesomethingunpleasanttohappen.
B.Addmorefueltomakeabiggerfire.
C.Haveanunexpectedandundesiredeffect.
D.Walkbackwardsandmakeafire.
【解析】选C。
词义猜测题。
AmyCuddy说“只注重赢得别人的尊重而不能赢得别人的信任,结果会适得其反,事与愿违”,故选C。
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofProfessorCuddy’sconcepts?
A.Trustismoreimportantthanrespecttowinagoodimpressioninmeetingpeopleforthefirsttime.
B.Youngpeopletendtowinpeople’srespectinsteadofwinningpeople’strustearlyonintheircareers.
C.Howfarawayapersongoesdependsonwhetherheorsheestablishestrustamongpeoplearound.
D.Liarsareunlikelytobeidentifiedinthattheirwordsmatchtheiractionswell.
【解析】选D。
推理判断题。
文章中说说谎者很容易被人发现,因为语言和行动总会有不一致的地方,会露出马脚的,所以D项描述不正确。
4.Whatcanbelearnedaccordingtothepassage?
A.Somepeopletendtothinkdisplayingcompetencetogainrespectmakesagoodimpression.
B.Aliaralwaysexperiencesafeelingofguiltwhenalieisleaked.
C.Whenmultiplechannelsofcommunicationco-operatepoorly,aliarcanhardlybespotted.
D.Wordsandactionsareequallysignificantindecidingwhetherapersonistrustworthy.
【解析】选A。
推理判断题。
认为通过展示自己的能力而赢得别人的尊重就会给人好印象,这是一部分人的观点,所以选项A正确。
不是所有说谎者都会有愧疚感,故B不正确。
如果交流的多种方式相互之间不能很好配合,说谎者就很容易被发现,故C不正确。
行动比语言更能明确一个人是否值得信赖,故D不正确。
B
Formanyparents,raisingateenagerislikefightingalongwar,butyearsgobywithoutanyclearwinner.Likeaborderconflictbetweenneighboringcountries,theparent-teenwarisaboutboundaries:
WhereisthelinebetweenwhatIcontrolandwhatyoudo?
Bothsideswantpeace,butneitherfeelsithasanypowertostoptheconflict.Inpart,thisisbecauseneitheriswillingtoadmitanyresponsibilityforstartingit.Fromtheparents’pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents’completeunreasonableness.Andofcourse,theteensseeitinexactlythesameway,exceptoppositely.Bothfeeltrapped.
Inthisarticle,I’lldescribethreeno-winsituationsthatcommonlyarisebetweenteensandparentsandthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.Thefirstno-winsituationisquarrelsoverunimportantthings.Examplesincludethecoloroftheteen’shair,thecleanlinessofthebedroom,thepreferredstyleofclothing,thechild’sfailuretoeatagoodbreakfastbeforeschool,orhistendencytosleepuntilnoononweekends.Second,blaming.Thegoalofablamingbattleistomaketheotheradmitthathisbadattitudeisthereasonwhyeverythinggoeswrong.Third,needingtoberight.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatthetopicis—politics,thelawsofphysics,ortheproperwaytobreakanegg—thepointoftheseargumentsistoprovethatyouarerightandtheotherpersoniswrong,forbothwishtobeconsideredanauthority—someonewhoactuallyknowssomething—andthereforetocommandrespect.Unfortunately,aslongasparentsandteenscontinuetoassumethattheyknowmorethantheother,they’llcontinuetofightthesebattlesforeverandnevermakeanyrealprogress.
【语篇概述】本文介绍了家长与孩子发生冲突的三种情况,对家长与孩子的交流有直接的启示作用。
5.Whydoestheauthorcomparetheparent-teenwartoaborderconflict?
A.Bothcancontinueforgenerations.
B.Bothareaboutwheretodrawtheline.
C.Neitherhasanyclearwinner.
D.Neithercanbeputtoanend.
【解析】选B。
细节理解题。
由第一段可直接判断答案为B项。
6.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph2mean?
A.Theteensblametheirparentsforstartingtheconflict.
B.Theteensagreewiththeirparentsonthecauseoftheconflict.
C.Theteensaccusetheirparentsofmisleadingthem.
D.Theteenstendtohaveafullunderstandingoftheirparents.
【解析】选A。
句意理解题。
由上文Fromtheparents’pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents’completeunreasonableness.可知父母在责备孩子的无理,当然他们就以同样的方式回敬,从而责备父母挑起冲突。
7.Parentsandteenswanttoberightbecausetheywantto_______.
A.giveorderstotheother
B.knowmorethantheother
C.gainrespectfromtheother
D.gettheothertobehaveproperly
【解析】选C。
细节理解题。
由文中Third,needingtoberight.Itdoesn’t...andthereforetocommandrespect.可推断出C项符合题意。
8.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?
A.Causesfortheparent-teenconflicts.
B.Examplesoftheparent-teenwar.
C.Solutionsfortheparent-teenproblems.
D.Futureoftheparent-teenrelationship.
【解析】选C。
篇章结构题。
纵观全文得知本文只是提出了问题——三种冲突情况,接下来自然要解决问题;重点关注最后一段第一句话中的“...andthensuggestsomewaysoutofthetrap.”,所以C项最佳。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Today,IwasphoningatanATMthatwassituatedinsideapetrolbunk.Thesecurityguardwhowasa72-year-oldman 1 remindedmethatIcouldnot 2 mycellphoneinsidetheATM.WhenIcameoutside,Ihadastrong 3 totalkwithhim.
Atfirst,Ifeltalittlesympathetic（同情的）.Inmy 4 ,heseemedlikeapoor,elderlymanwhowasstillworkingatthisATM.Iendedup 5 him.Hespoketomeabouthisfamily,and 6 abouthissonanddaughter.Hetoldmethathis 7 alwayscaredforhim,eventhoughshewasmarriedherself.Thenhe 8 hisboy,who“hasaheartofstone”.Headvisedmetosave 9 formyoldage,andI 10 himforhisadvice.
Aswe 11 ,heopenedupquiteabit.He 12 lovedtellingmeabouthislife—hisfamily,hislimitedincome,andhowthefamilywerestill 13 inspiteofallthedifficulties.Ihadnothingtogiveexcepttime.Ithoughtaboutgivinghimmoney, 14 itdidn’tfeelquiteright.Ihadmadethemistakeinthepast,andaswespoke,itbecame 15 thathewantedmytime.Notmymoney.Ididnotwanttotakeawayhisdignity（尊严） 16 givinghimmoney.
Bythetimetheconversation 17 ,Iwasclosetotears.Ordinarypeople—whengiventheopportunityto 18 theirstory—arerealgems（难能可贵的人）.Sometimes,timeandpresencearethebest 19 youcangive.Itcertainlymademe 20 listeningandbeinthepresenceofthiselderlyman.
【语篇概述】本文是记叙文。
在谈话中,贫穷的老人谈论他的家人、有限的收入和快乐的日子,作者一直在耐心地倾听。
在作者看来,倾听是给予老人最好的礼物。
1.A.kindly B.rudely C.quietly D.secretly
【解析】选A。
逻辑推理题。
联系下文中作者和老人所进行的友好交谈可以推知,老人友好地（kindly）提醒作者。
2.A.buyB.findC.hideD.use
【解析】选D。
背景常识题。
根据上文中的Iwasphoning...可知,老人提醒作者不要在里面使用（use）手机。
3.A.surpriseB.method
C.wishD.order
【解析】选C。
词义辨析题。
下文中作者介绍了他们谈话的内容,由此可知作者有和他谈话的愿望（wish）。
4.A.suggestionB.impression
C.attitudeD.dream
【解析】选B。
逻辑推理题。
句中...heseemedlikeapoor,elderlyman的语境说明此处指作者的印象（impression）。
5.A.quarrelingwithB.listeningto
C.hearingfromD.laughingat
【解析】选B。
逻辑推理题。
由文章最后一句Itcertainlymademe...listening...可知,作者倾听（listeningto）老人说话。
6.A.immediatelyB.actually
C.finallyD.especially
【解析】选D。
逻辑推理题。
下文老人提到了自己的两个孩子,所以这里指老人特别地（especially）谈到他的儿子和女儿。
7.A.bossB.friend
C.daughterD.mother
【解析】选C。
逻辑推理题。
根据下文中的Thenhe...hisboy...可知此处老人说到他的女儿（daughter）。
8.A.describedB.praised
C.introducedD.rescued
【解析】选A。
背景常识题。
说完女儿之后,老人又描述（described）他的儿子。
9.A.timeB.moneyC.energyD.life
【解析】选B。
词义辨析题。
老人建议作者攒钱（money）养老。
10.A.helpedB.showed
C.calledD.thanked
【解析】选D。
逻辑推理题。
作者感谢了（thanked）老人的建议。
11.A.playedB.workedC.spokeD.left
【解析】选C。
逻辑推理题。
文中叙述了作者和老人的谈话,所以此处是“当我们谈话（spoke）的时候”。
12.A.simplyB.hardly
C.nearlyD.widely
【解析】选A。
词义辨析题。
他只是（simply）喜欢谈论他的生活,包括家人、收入等。
13.A.busyB.nervousC.poorD.happy
【解析】选D。
逻辑推理题。
联系inspiteofal
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