研究生学位英语练习Word格式文档下载.docx

研究生学位英语练习Word格式文档下载.docx

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“Yourvictimsnotonlysquishunderyourtiresandsplatterbloodonthewindshield;

theyalsogetontheirkneeandbegformercy,orcommitsuicide.Ifyoulike,youcanalsodismemberthem.”

Isallthissimulatedviolenceharmful?

Approximately3,000differentstudieshavebeenconductedonthissubject.Manyhavesuggestedthatthereisaconnectionbetweenviolenceingamesandincreasedaggressivenessintheplayers.

Somespecialistsdownplaytheinfluenceofthegames,sayingthatotherfactorsmustbetakenintoconsideration,suchasthepossibilitythatkidswhoalreadyhaveviolenttendenciesarechoosingsuchgames.Butcoulditbethatviolentgamesstillplayacontributingrole?

Itseemsunrealistictoinsistthatpeoplearenotinfluencedbywhattheysee.Ifthatweretrue,whywouldthecommercialworldspendbillionsofdollarsannuallyfortelevisionadvertising?

51.WhichofthefollowingcomputergamesisNOTmentionedaseducationalandharmlesslyentertaining?

AThosethathelppeoplelearnmoreaboutcomputers.

BThosethatteachthefeaturesoftheearth.

CThosethatprovidespecialtrainingforwritersonline.

CThosethatprovidespecialtrainingforpilots.

52.Accordingtoonestudy,mostcomputerandonlinegames_________

Aallowtheplayerstotakepartinkillingacts.Bteachtheplayerstobeantisocial.

Cmaketheplayersforgettherealliferesults.Dthatyoungpeoplelikedcontainviolence

53.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dismember”inParagraph4mean?

ATokicksomebodyout.BTocutsomebodyintopieces.

CTodismisssomebodyDTostabaknifeintosomebody

54.Manystudieshavesuggestedthat___________

Amoreandmoreyoungpeopleenjoycruelcomputergames.

Bviolenceincomputergamesmakestheirplayersmoreaggressive.

Ctherearenowfarmoreincidentsofviolenceduetocomputergames.

Dsimulatedviolenceincomputergamesisdifferentfromrealviolence.

55.Theauthoruses“televisionadvertising”asanexampletoshowthat__________

Aotherfactorsmustbeconsideredaspossiblecausesofviolenceinreallife.

Bcomputerandonlinegamesarenottheonlycauseofincreasedviolenceinreallife.

Cthecommercialworldiscontributingtotheincreasedviolenceinreallife

Dthereisacloselinkbetweencomputergamesandincreasedviolenceinreallife.

56.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_____________

ATheDarkSideofComputerGames.BComputerGames-----AdvantagesandDisadvantages

CTheDevelopmentofViolentComputerGames.DAStudyontheInfluenceofComputerGames

PassageTwo

ThecollapseoftheEarth’smagneticfield----whichguardstheplanetandguidesmanyofitscreatures----appearstohavestartedseriouslyabout150yearsago,theNewYorkTimesreportedlastweek.

Thefield’sstrengthhasdecreasedby10or15percentsofarandthishasincreasedthedebateoverwhetheritsignalsareversaloftheplanet’slinesofmagneticforce.

Duringareversal,themainfieldweakens,almostvanishes,andreappearswithoppositepolarity.Thetransitionwouldtakethousandsofyears.Oncecompleted,compassneedlesthathadpointednorthwouldpointsouth.Areversalcouldcauseproblemsforbothmanandanimals.Astronautsandsatelliteswouldhavedifficulties.Birds,fishandanimalsthatrelyonthemagneticfieldfornavigationwouldfindmigrationconfusing.Butexpertssaidtheeffectswouldnotbeabigdisaster;

despiteclaimsofdoomandvagueevidenceoflinksbetweenpastfieldreversalsandspeciesextinctions.

Althoughatotaltransitionmaybehundredsorthousandsofyearsaway,therapiddeclineinmagneticstrengthisalreadyaffectingsatellites.Lastmonth,theEuropeanSpaceAgencyapprovedtheworld’slargesteffortattrackingthefield’sshifts.Agroupofnewsatellites,calledSwarm,istomonitorthecollapsingfieldwithfargreaterprecision.“Wewanttogetsomeideaofhowthiswouldevolveinthenearfuture,justlikepeopletryingtopredicttheweather,”saidGauthierHulot,aFrenchgeophysicistworkingonthesatelliteplan.“I’mpersonallyquiteconvincedweshouldbeabletoworkoutthefirstpredictionsbytheendofthemission.”

Nomatterwhatthenewfindings,thepublichasnoreasontopanic.Evenifatransitioniscomingonitsway,itmighttake2,000yearstomature.Thelastonetookplace780,000yearsago,whenearlyhumanswerelearninghowtomakestonetools.DeepinsidetheEarthflowhotcurrentsofmeltediron.Thismechanicalenergycreateselectromagnetism.Theprocessisknownasthegeophysicalgenerator.Inacar’sgenerator,thesameprincipleturnsmechanicalenergyintoelectricity.

Nooneknowspreciselywhythefieldperiodicallyreversals.Butscientistssaytheresponsibilityprobablylieswithchangesinthedisorderlyflowsofmeltediron,whichtheyseeassimilartothegasesthatmakeupthecloudsofJupiter.

57.Accordingtothepassage,theEarth’smagneticfieldhas_________

Abeguntochangeintheoppositedirection.Bbeenweakeninginstrengthforalongtime.

Ccausedthechangesonthepolarities.Dmisguidedmanyamanandanimal

58.DuringthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield__________

Athecompasswillbecomeuseless.Bmanandanimalswillbeconfusedastodirections.

CthemagneticstrengthoftheEarthwilldisappear.DthemagneticstrengthoftheEarthwillbestronger.

59.Accordingtotheexperts,thereversaloftheEarth’smagneticfieldwould____

AdestroyalmostallthecreaturesontheEarthBcausesomespeciesextinctionsontheEarth.

Cnotbeasdisastrousasthepreviousone.Dcausenobigtroubleformanandanimals.

60.Accordingtothepassage,________________

AweshouldnotworryaboutthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfield.

BtheEarth’smagneticfieldwillnotchangeforatleast2,000years.

CtheEarth’smagneticfieldhasdecreaseditsstrengthrapidly.

DthetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfieldcanbecontrolledbymodernscience.

61.Theauthorsays“…thepublichasnoreasontopanic”because___________

Athetransitionisstillthousandsofyearsaway.Bthenewtransitionwillcome780,000yearsfromnow.

Cthetransitioncanbepreciselypredictedbyscientists.

Dtheprocessofthetransitionwilltakeaverylongtimetofinish.

62.ThetransitionoftheEarth’smagneticfieldispossiblecausedby_________

AtheflowsofmeltedironinsidetheEarthBtheperiodicalmovementoftheEarth.

CthemechanicalenergyofthesolarsystemDtheforcecomingfromouterspace.

PassageThree

TheterroristattacksinLondonThursdayservedasastunningreminderthatintoday’sworld,youneverknowwhatyoumightseewhenyoupickupthenewspaperorturnontheTV.Disturbingimagesofterrorcantriggeraninstinctiveresponsenomatterhowcloseorfarawayfromhometheventhappened.

Throughouthistory,everymilitaryconflicthasinvolvedpsychologicalwarfareinonewayoranotherastheenemysoughttobreakthemoralsoftheiropponent.Butthankstoadvancesintechnology,thepopularityoftheInternet,andproliferationofnewscoverage,therulesofengagementinthistypeofmentalbattlehavechanged.

Whetherit’samassiveattackorasinglehorrificact,theeffectsofpsychologicalwarfarearen’tlimitedtothephysicaldamageinflicted.Instead,thegoaloftheseattacksistoinstillasenseoffearthatismuchgreaterthantheactualthreatitself.

Therefore,theimpactofpsychologicalterrordependslargelyonhowtheactsarepublicizedandinterpreted.Butthatalsomeanstherearewaystodefendyourselfandyourlovedonesbyputtingthesefearsintoperspectiveandprotectingyourchildrenfromhorrificimages.

WhatIsPsychologicalTerror?

“Theuseofterrorismasatacticisbaseduponinducingaclimateoffearthatisdisproportionatewiththeactualthreat,”saysMiddleEasternhistorianRichardBullietofColumbiaUniversity.“Everytimeyouhaveanactofviolence,publicizingthatviolentbecomesanimportantpartoftheactitself.”

“Therearevariouswaystohaveyourimpact.Youcanhaveyourimpactbythemagnitudeofwhatyoudo,bythesymboliccharacteroftarget,orthehorrificquali