大学英语四级真题 听力原文 答案完整版范文Word文件下载.docx

大学英语四级真题 听力原文 答案完整版范文Word文件下载.docx

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SmallSchoolsRising

Thisyear'

slistofthetop100highschoolsshowsthattoday,thosewithfewerstudentsareflourishing.

Fiftyyearsago,theywerethelatestthingineducationalreform:

big,modern,suburbanhighschoolswithstudentscountedinthethousands.Asbabyboomers（二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人）cameofhigh-schoolage,bigschoolspromisedeconomicefficiency.Agreaterchoiceofcourses,and,ofcourse,betterfootballteams.Onlyyearslaterdidweunderstandthetrade-offsthisinvolved:

thecreationofexcessivebureaucracies（官僚机构），thedifficultyofforgingpersonalconnectionsbetweenteachersandstudents.SATscoresbegandroppingin1963;

today,onaverage,30%ofstudentsdonotcompletehighschoolinfouryears,afigurethatrisesto50%inpoorurbanneighborhoods.Whiletheemphasisonteachingtohigher,test-drivenstandardsassetinNoChildLeftBehindresultedinsignificantlybetterperformanceinelementary（andsomemiddle）schools,highschoolsforavarietyofreasonsseemedtohavemadelittleprogress.

Sizeisn'

teverything,butitdoesmatter,andthepastdecadehasseenanoticeablecountertrendtowardsmallerschools.Thishasbeendue,inpart,totheBillandMelindaGatesFoundation,whichhasinvested$1.8billioninAmericanhighschools,helpingtoopenabout1,000smallschools-mostofthemwithabout400kidseachwithanaverageenrollmentofonly150pergrade,About500moreareonthedrawingboard.Districtsalloverthecountryaretakingnotice,alongwithmayorsincitieslikeNewYork,ChicagoandSanDiego.Themovementincludesindependentpubliccharterschools,suchasNo.1BASISinTucson,withonly120high-schoolersand18graduatesthisyear.Itembracesdistrict-sanctionedmagnetschools,suchastheTalentedandGiftedSchool,with198students,andtheScienceandEngineeringMagnet,with383,whichshareabuildinginDallas,aswellastheCityHonorsSchoolinBuffalo,N.Y.,whichgrewoutofvolunteereveningseminarsforstudents.Anditincludesalternativeschoolswithstudentsselectedbylottery（抽签），suchasH-BWoodlawninArlington,Va.Andmostnoticeableofall,thereisthephenomenonoflargeurbanandsuburbanhighschoolsthathavesplitupintosmallerunitsofafewhundred,generallyhousedinthesamegroundsthatonceboastedthousandsofstudentsallmarchingtothesameband.

HillsdaleHighSchoolinSanMateo,Calif,isoneofthose,rankingNo.423-amongthetop2%inthecountry-onNewsweek'

sannualrankingofAmerica'

stophighschools.Thesuccessofsmallschoolsisapparentinthelistings.Tenyearsago,whenthefirstNewsweeklistbasedoncollege-leveltestparticipationwaspublished,onlythreeofthetop100schoolshadgraduatingClassessmallerthan100students.Thisyearthereare22.Nearly250schoolsonthefull,Newsweeklistofthetop5%ofschoolsnationallyhadfewerthan200graduatesin2007.

AlthoughmanyofHillsdale'

sstudentscamefromwealthyhouseholds,bythelate1990averagetestscoreswereslidingandithadearnedtheunaffectionatenickname（绰号）"

Hillsjail."

JeffGilbert.AHillsdaleteacherwhobecameprincipallastyear,rememberssittingwithotherteacherswatchingstudentsfileoutofagraduationceremonyandaskingoneanotherinastonishment,"

Howdidthatstudentgraduate?

"

Soin2003Hillsdaleremadeitselfintothree"

houses,"

romanticallynamedFlorence,MarrakechandKyoto.Eachofthe300arrivingninthgradersarerandomly（随机地）assignedtooneofthehouses.Wheretheywillkeepthesamefourcoresubjectteachersfortwoyears,beforemovingontoanotherfor11thand12thgrades.Theclosenessthissystemcultivatesisreinforcedbytheinstitutionof"

advisory"

classesTeachersmeetwithstudentsingroupsof25,fivemorningsaweek,foropen-endeddiscussionsofeverythingfromhomeworkproblemstobadSaturday-nightdates.Theadvisersalsomeetwithstudentsprivatelyandstayintouchwithparents,sotheyaredeeplyinvestedinthestudents'

success."

We'

reconstantlytalkingaboutoneanother'

sadvisers,"

saysEnglishteacherChrisCrockett."

Ifyouhearthatyoursisn'

tdoingwellinmath,orseethemsittingoutsidethedean'

soffice,it'

slikeapersonalfailure."

Alongwiththenewstructurecameamoredemandingacademicprogram,thepercentageoffreshmentakingbiologyjumpedfrom17to95."

Itwasroughforsome.Butbysenioryear,two-thirdshavemoveduptophysics,"

saysGilbert"

Ourkidsarecomingtoschoolinpartbecausetheyknowthereareadultsherewhoknowthemandcareforthem."

Butnotallschoolsshowadvancesafterdownsizing,anditremainstobeseenwhethersmallerschoolswillbeacure-allsolution.

TheNewsweeklistoftopU.S.highschoolswasmadethisyear,asinyearspast,accordingtoasinglemetric,theproportionofstudentstakingcollege-levelexams.Overtheyearsthissystemhascomeinforitsshareofcriticismforitssimplicity.Butthatisalsoitsstrength:

it'

seasyforreaderstounderstand,andtodothearithmeticfortheirownschoolsifthey'

dlike.

Rankingschoolsisalwayscontroversial,andthisyearagroupof38superintendents（地区教育主管）fromfivestateswrotetoaskthattheirschoolsbeexcludedfromthecalculation."

Itisimpossibletoknowwhichhighschoolsare'

thebest'

inthenation,"

theirletterread.inpart."

Determiningwhetherdifferentschoolsdoordon'

tofferahighqualityofeducationrequiresalookatmandifferentmeasures,includingstudents'

overallacademicaccomplishmentsandtheirsubsequentperformanceincollege.Andtakingintoconsiderationtheuniqueneedsoftheircommunities."

Intheend,thesuperintendentsagreedtoprovidethedatawesought,whichis,afterall,publicinformation.Thereis,inourview,norealdisputehere,weareallseekingthesamething,whichisschoolsthatbetterserveourchildrenandournationbyencouragingstudentstotackletoughsubjectsundertheguidanceofgiftedteachers.Andifwekeepworkingtowardthatgoal,someday,perhapsalistwon'

tbenecessary.

注意：

此部分试题请在答卡1上作答.

1．Fiftyyearsago.big.Modern.Suburbanhighschoolswereestablishedinthehopeof.

A）ensuringnochildisleftbehind.

B）increasingeconomicefficiency.

C）improvingstudents'

performanceonSAT.

D）providinggoodeducationforbabyboomers.

2.Whathappenedasaresultofsettingupbigschools?

A）Teachers'

workloadincreased.

B）Students'

performancedeclined.

C）Administrationbecamecentralized.

D）Studentsfocusedmoreontestscores.

3.WhatissaidabouttheschoolsfordedbytheBillandMelindaGatesfoundation?

A）Theyareusuallymagnetschools.

　　B）Theyareoftenlocatedinpoorneighborhoods.

　　C）Theyarepopularwithhigh-achievingstudents.

　　D）Theyaremostlysmallinsize.

4.Whatismostnoticeableaboutthecurrenttrendinhighschooleducation?

　　A）Somelargeschoolshavesplitupintosmallerones.

　　B）Agreatvarietyofschoolshavesprungupinurbanandsuburbanareas.

　　C）ManyschoolscompetefortheBillandMelindaGatesFoundationfunds.

　　D）Studentshavetomeethigheracademicstandards.

5.Newsweekrankedhighschoolsaccordingto.

　　A）theirstudents'

academicachievement.

　　B）thenumberoftheirstudentsadmittedtocollege.

　　C）thesizeandnumberoftheirgraduatingclasses.

　　D）theircollege-leveltestparticipation.

6.WhatcanwelearnaboutHillsdale'

sstudentsinthelate1990s?

　　A）Theyweremadetostudyhardlikeprisoners.

　　B）Theycalledeachotherbyunaffectionatenicknames.

　　C）Mostofthemdidnothaveanysenseofdiscipline,

　　D）Theirschoolperformancewasgettingworse.

7.AccordingtoJeffGilbert,the"

classesatHillsdaleweresetupsothatstudentscould.

A）telltheirteacherswhattheydidonweekends.

　　B）experienceagreatdealofpleasureinlearning.

　　C）maintaincloserrelationshipswiththeirteachers.

　　D）tacklethedemandingbiologyandphysicscourses.

8.isstillconsideredastrengthofNewsweek'

sschoolrankingsysteminspiteofthecriticismitreceives.

9.Accordingtothe38superintendents,torankschoolsscientifically,itisnecessarytouse.

10.Tobetterservethechildrenandournation,schoolsstudentstotake.

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

inthissectionyouwillhear8shortconversations,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）、B）、C）andD）、anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

此部分试题请在答案卡2上作案。

11.A）Tryingtosketchamap.C）Discussingahouseplan.

B）Paintingthediningroom.D）Cleaningthekitchen.

12.A）Sheistiredofthefoodinthecanteen.

B）SheofteneatsinaFrenchrestaurant.

C）SheusuallytakesasnackintheKFC.

D）Sheinveryfussyaboutwhatsheeats.

13.A）Listeningtosomeloudmusic.C）Talkingloudlyonthetelephone.

　B）Preparingforasoralexamination.D）Practicingforaspeech