浙江大学考博真题和参考答案.docx

浙江大学考博真题和参考答案.docx

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浙江大学考博真题和参考答案

2014年浙江大学考博真题和参考答案

1.听力PartA原文：

Inmyopinion,technologyhasbecometooadvanced.Iam17-years-old,andIcanstillrememberatimewhenIdidnothaveacomputerinmyhome,andifyoudid,itwasuncommon.Notuntilthemid-1990swasitcommonfor（middleclassfamilies）tohavecomputers.Inoursocietytoday,almosteverysinglefamilyhasatleastonecomputerifnotmore,andthesecomputersareincrediblyadvancedcomparedtowhatyou'dhavehadinyourhomeashorttenyearsago.Overtheyears,Ihaveseentechnologybloom;allIhaveknownmyentirelifetime,isthatthereisgoingtobesomethingbigger,Ishouldreallysaysmaller,andbetter（outonthemarket）innotime.Ican'tbelievehowfastmanufacturersarecomingoutwithnewtechnology.Whatwillhappeninthefuture,willtechnologybecomesoadvancedischangesthecourseofourhumanity?

Youcandoeverythingyouwantfromacomputer,work,play,（talktofriends）,research,andevenorderfood!

Apersoncouldlivetheirentirelifejammedupinaroomwithacomputer,andtheywouldhaveaccesstoeverythingtheyneed!

Itisinsane!

Theadvancesincommunicationtechnologyareblowingupallovertheplaceaswell.I,myselfjustboughtanewcameraphone,andthisphoneisamazing.Thepicturequalityissuperb,andnotonlythatbutI（haveaccesstothe）internetonmyPHONE!

Ican'tbelievehowthecellphonemarkethassodrasticallyincreased.ThefirstphoneIeverhadwasfiveyearsago,whenIwas12yearsold.Thatphonetodaywouldbeconsideredhuge,clunky,heavy,and"old".Ipersonallycouldn'tevenimaginemyselfwalkingaroundwiththatphone（withoutbeingembarrassed）.Itjustgoestoshowhowmuchthingshavechangedinfiveyears,andpeoplejustkeepontakingitallin.EverytimeIhaveboughtanewphonesincethatpoint,sixmonthslater,Ihavewantedanewonebecausemyphonewasnotuptodate.Canyoubelieveit,afternotevenayearaphonecancompletelygooffthemarketbecauseitisnotadvancedenough?

Themanufacturersareputtingthesethingsoutfasterthanpeoplecanbuythem.

2.听力PartB原文

括号内为答案

Itisanhonortospeakwithyoutodayontheissueof（publichealthdisparities）.Iwouldfirstliketothanktheorganizationsthatmadethiseventpossible.Thishastrulybeenacollaborativeeffortamongadiversegroupofconstituents.Ithinkthissetsapositivetoneandprecedentforahealthyandspiriteddiscussion.Asmanyofyoumayknow,reformingandimprovingourhealthcaresystemisanissuethatisclosetomyheart.Ibelievethatintherichestandmostpowerfulcountryintheworld,weoughttobeabletoprovide（basichealthcare）toallofourcitizens.Itisvitallyimportantthatwelessentheimpactandburdenofillnessonallpeopleincommunities,regardlessofrace,gender,orreligions.Ourdiscussionstodayarecriticallyimportanttorectifytheinjusticesthatmanypeoplefaceinourcurrenthealthcaresystem.Today’ssessionshaveagreaterpurposethanmerediscussionsandnetworkingopportunities----today’sconferencesignifiesanincreasedand（necessarycallforaction）amongourregion’stophealthprofessionals.Publichealthisdirectlyconnectedtopoverty,income,education,andcommunity.Wecant’lookathealthcareinasiloandassumeitisonlyaluxuryforthewelloff.Healthcareneedstobeprovidedtoallpeopleofallcolor.Wearemorallyresponsiblefor（improvingthedisparitiesinhealthcare）becauseahealthysocietyisthefoundationonwhichwebuildourschools,ourneighborhoods,andoureconomy.Healthcareisnotaprivilege----itisaright.Iknowwehavealongroadtotravelinachievingequalityinhealthstatus.Iknowthateveryonehereknowsthis.AndIamhopefulthatperhapsmorepeoplethaneverare（finallywakinguptothisreality）.

PartC1原文3个选择题

TherewereveryfewplacesintheworldthatJulesVerne,thewriter,,didnotvisit.Hewentroundtheworldahundredtimesormore.Oncehediditineightydays,unheardofinthenineteenthcentury.Hevoyagedsixtythousandmilesunderthesea,touredaroundthemoon,explodedthecenteroftheearth,andchattedwithnativesinAustralia.JulesVerne,theman,wasastay-at-home.Hewasmorelikelytobetiredfromwritingthanfromtraveling.HedidmakeafewvisitstoEuropeandNorthAfrica.Andhemadeonesix-weektourofNewYorkState.Butthatwasall.Hespentlessthanoneofhisseventy-sevenyearsreallytraveling.Yethewastheworld’smostextraordinarytourist.Hisbooksarecrowdedwithhuntingandfishingexpeditions.Julesactuallywenthuntingonlyonce.Thenheraisedhisgunandshotofftheguard’shat!

Heneverheldatesttubeinhishand.Buthewasaninspirationtothescientistinthelaboratory.Longbeforeradiowasinvented,hehadTVworkinginhisbooks.Hisnameforitwasphono-telephoto.HehadhelicoptersfiftyyearsbeforetheWrightbrothersflewtheirfirstplaneatKittyHawk.Infact,therewerefewwondersofthetwentiethcenturythatthismanofthenineteenthcenturydidnotforesee.Inhisstoriesyoucanreadaboutneonlights,movingsidewalks,air-conditioners,sky-scrapers,guidedmissiles,tanks,electricallyoperatedsubmarines,andair-planes,andsoon.

第一个问题问这个人是干什么的选thewriter

PartC2原文第2篇3个选择题

Veryoldpeopledoraisemoralproblemsforalmosteveryonewhocomesincontactwiththem.Theirvalues—thiscan’tberepeatedtoooften—arenotnecessarilyourvalues.Physicalcomfort,cleannessandorderarenotnecessarilythemostimportantthings.Thesocialservicesfromtimetotimefindthemselvesfacedwithaflatwithdecayingfoodcoveredbysmallworms,andanoldpersonlyingaloneinbed,takingnonoticeoftheworms.Butisitinterferingwithpersonalfreedomtoinsistthattheygotolivewithsomeoftheirrelativessothattheymightbetakenbettercareof?

Somesocialworkers,theoneswhoclearuptheworms,thinkweareindangerofcarryingthisconceptofpersonalfreedomtothepointwhereseriousrisksarebeingtakenwiththehealthandsafetyoftheold.Indeed,theoldcanbeeasilyhurtorharmed.Thebodyislikeacar,itneedsmoremechanicalmaintenanceasitgetsolder.Youcancarrythiscomparisonrightthroughtotheprovisionofspareparts.Butneverforgetthatsuchoperationsarepainfulexperiences,howevergoodtheresultswillbe.Andatwhatpointshouldyoustoptotreattheoldbody?

Isitmorallyrighttotrytopushoffdeathbyseekingthedevelopmentofdrugstoexcitetheforgetfuloldmindandtoactivatetheoldbody,knowingthatitisdesignedtodie?

Youcan’taskdoctorsorscientiststodecide,becausesolongastheycanseethetechnicalopportunities,theywillfeelboundtogivethematry,ontheprinciplethatwhilethere’slife,there’shope.

第三篇

Animalsdonotpossessalanguageinthetruesenseoftheword.Inthehighervertebrates,asalsoininsects,particularlyinthesociallylivingspeciesofbothgreatgroups,everyindividualhasacertainnumberofinmatemovementsandsoundsforexpressingfeelings.Ithasalsoinnatewaysofreactingtothesesignalswheneveritseesorhearstheminafellow-memberofthespecies.Thehighlysocialspeciesofbirdssuchasthejackdaworthegraylaggoose,haveacomplicatedcodeofsuchsignalswhichareutteredandunderstoodbyeverybirdwithoutanypreviousexperience.Theperfectco-ordinationofsocialbehaviourwhichisbroughtaboutbytheseactionsandreactionsconveystothehumanobservertheimpressionthatthebirdsaretalkingandunderstandingalanguageoftheown.Ofcourse,thispurelyinnatesignalcodeofananimalspeciesdiffersfundamentallyfromhumanlanguage,everywordofwhichmustbelearnedlaboriouslybythehumanchild.Moreover,beingageneticallyfixedcharacterofthespecies—justasmuchasanybodilycharacter—thisso-calledlanguageis,foreveryindividualanimalspecies,ubiquitousinitsdistribution.Obviousthoughthisfactmayseem,itwas,nevertheless,withsomethingakintonaïvesurprisethatIheardthejackdawsinnorthernRussia“talk”exactlythesame,familiar“dialect”asmybirdsathomeinAltenberg.Thesuperficialsimilaritybetweentheseanimalutterancesandhumanlanguagesdiminishesfurtherasitbecomesgraduallycleartotheobserverthattheanimal,inallthesesoundsandmovementsexpressingitsemotions,hasinnowaytheconsciousintentionofinfluencingafellowmemberofitsspecies.Thisisprovedbythefactthatevengeeseorjackdawsrearedandkeptsinglymakeallthesesignalsassoonasthecorrespondingmoodovertakesthem.Underthesecircumstancestheautomaticandevenmechanicalcharacterofthesesignalsbecomesstrikinglyapparentandrevealsthemasentirelydifferentfromhumanwords.

二.（15题，15分）单选题（顺序打乱了）

Thetwofriendssatinacornerand__B__awaytoeachotherabouttheweather．

a．talked  b．chatted  c．muttered  d．whispered

Heisgoingto__D__themeetingonthesubjectofwarandpeaceinaminute．

a．speak  b．talk  c．remark  d．address

Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernment's___A___policies.

a.economic      b.economical      c.economy      d.economics

Therearenotmanyteacherswhoarestrong_C_oftraditionalmethodsinEnglishteaching.

a.sponsors    b.contributors    c.advocates  d.performers

Afriendshipmaybe___B___,casual,situationalordeepandlasting.

a.identical      b.superficial    c.critical      d.original

Nobodyyetknowshowlongandhowseriouslytheshakinessinthefinancialsystemwill_C_downtheeconomy.

a.put    b.settle    c.drag    d.knock

Weare_D_totheidea,butwedoubtwhetherthetimeisripetoputitintoforc