数字时钟外文翻译.docx

数字时钟外文翻译.docx

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数字时钟外文翻译

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数字时钟外文翻译

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LEDusingdigitaltubedigitaldisplayitshigh-brightness,indicatingtheadvantagesofintuitiveintelligenceiswidelyusedinareassuchasequipmentandhouseholdappliances.AT89C52Thisarticledescribesasingle-chipmicrocomputerasthecore,toatotalofanodehigh-brightnessLEDLEDasadisplaycomposedofsevenfiguresshowthatthepracticaldesignofmulti-functionelectronicclocks,theclockshowsaweek,hour,minute,second,itcanbeswitchedtoyear,month,dayshowedthatthewholepointofmusicatthesametimeandfromtimetotimethealarmtimeandotherfunctionscanalsobeusedforelectronicstopwatch.

Clockcircuitistheheartofthecomputer,whichcontrolstherhythmoftheworkofthecomputeristhroughthecompletionofcomplexsequentialcircuitsfunctionindifferentdirections.

Clock,sinceitwasinventedthatdayon,people'sliveshasbecomeanindispensabletool,especiallyinthiseraofefficient,theclockisinthehumanproductionandliving,learningandotherfieldsiswidely.However,withthepassageoftime,peoplenotonlytotherequirementsoftheclockisgettinghigherandhigherprecision,andfunctionalrequirementsfortheclockmoreandmore,theclockhasnotonlyatoolusedtodisplaytime,inmanypracticalapplicationsItalsoneedstobeabletoachievemoreotherfunctions.Featuressuchasalarmclock,calendardisplay,temperaturemeasurementfunction,humiditymeasurements,voltagemeasurements,frequencymeasurements,havebeenunder-voltagealarmfunction.Digitalclockstothepeople'sproductionandlifehasbroughtgreatconvenience,butalsogreatlyexpandsthetimefeaturetheoriginalclocks.Suchasregularauto-alarm,Automatictime-ling,timeprocessautomation,fromtimetotimebroadcast,fromclosed-circuitautomaticlights,oventimerswitch,on-offpowerequipment,electricalandevenavarietyoftimingisautomaticallyenabled,allofwhicharebasedondigitalclocksandwatchesbased.Itcanbesaidthatthedesignofthesignificanceofmulti-functionDigitalClockDigitalClockisnotjustitself,agreatersignificanceofthemulti-functiondigitalclockinanumberofreal-timecontrolsystems.Inmanypracticalapplications,aslongasthedigitalclockcircuitoftheprogramsandhardwaretoacertaindegreeofmodificationcouldbeusefulforreal-timecontrolsystem,whichappliedtotheactualworkandproductionto.Thus,digitalclockandtoexpanditsapplications,hasaverypracticalsignificance.

Withthedevelopmentofhumancivilization,scienceandtechnology,thereistherequestoftheclockcontinuestoimprove.Clockhasnotonlyseenasatooltodisplaythetime,inmanypracticalapplicationsalsoneedtobeabletoachievemoreotherfunctions.High-precision,multifunction,smallsize,lowpowerconsumption,isthedevelopmenttrendofthemodernclock.Inthistrend,digitalclock,multifunctionclockhasbecomethemoderndesignoftheproductionofresearch-leddirection.Thisarticleisbasedonthisdesigndirectionforthecontrolofasingle-chipcoredesignrequirementsofamulti-functionindicatorsinlinewiththedigitalclock.

Thedesignisbasedontheprincipleofsingle-chiptechnologytochipAT89C52single-chipmicrocomputerasthecorecontroller,throughtheproductionofhardwareandsoftwareproceduresforthepreparation,designtoproduceamulti-functionaldigitalclocksystem.Theclocksystemmainlybyclockmodule,alarmmodule,theambienttemperaturedetectionmodule,liquidcrystaldisplaymodule,controlmoduleandthekeyboardsignalpromptedmodule.Systemissimpleandclearuserinterfacethatcan4V~7VDCpowerundernormaloperation.Abletoaccuratelydisplaytime（displayformathh:

mm:

secondsseconds,24-hoursystem）,maybetimetoadjustatanytime,withclocktimesettings,alarmon/off,onlytomakefunctions,wheretheclocktomeasuretheambienttemperatureanddisplayed.Hardwareandsoftwaredesignintotheguidingideology,givefullplaytothesingle-chipfeatures,mostofthefunctionsthroughsoftwareprogrammingtoachieve,thecircuitissimpleandclear,highsystemstability.Atthesametime,theclocksystemalsohasthepowerofsmall,lowcost,andhighlypractical.Systemcomponentsasaresultoflessuse,single-chipoccupiedbytheI/Oportnotmorethan,thesystemhasacertaindegreeofscalability.

Clockdesignisnotheoryofdiscretelogic,programmablelogic,orusingfull-customsilicondevicesofanydigitaldesign,inordertosuccessfullyoperateandreliableclockiscrucial.Poordesignoftheclockinthelimitsoftemperature,voltagedeviationorthemanufacturingprocesswillresultinthecasewrong,anddebuggingdifficult,spendingalot.InthedesignofFPGA/CPLDclockwhenseveraltypesofcommonlyused.Clockcanbedividedintothefollowingfourtypes:

globalclock,clockgating,multi-levellogicclockclockandvolatility.Multi-clocksystemtoincludetheabove-mentionedfourtypesofanycombinationoftheclock.

Nomatterwhatmethodsaretherealcircuitclocktreecannotachievetheidealassumptionthattheclock,sowemustbebasedonanidealclock,theclockrealworktobuildamodeltoanalyzethecircuit,soastomakethecircuitperformanceandthepracticalworkasexpected.Clockintheactualmodel,wehavetoconsiderthespreadofclock-treeskew,verticaljumpandabsolutebiasandotheruncertainties.

Toregister,theclockwasworkingalongthearrivalofthedataterminalwhenitshouldhavebeenstable,soastoensurethattheworkalongthesamplingclocktotheaccuracyofthedata,thisdatapreparationtimethatwecallset-uptime（setuptime）.Datashouldalsobeworkingalongtheclocktomaintainoveraperiodoftime,thisperiodoftimeknownastheholdtime（holdtime）.

Globalclockforadesignproject,theglobalclock（orclocksynchronous）isthesimplestandmostpredictableclock.InthePLD/FPGAdesignoftheclockthebestoptionsare:

byadedicatedglobalclockinputpinsofasinglemasterclock-drivenclockdesignprojectstoeachflip-flop.Aslongaspossibleshouldbeusedinthedesignofglobalclockprojects.PLD/FPGAhasadedicatedglobalclockpins,thedeviceisdirectlyconnectedtoeachregister.Globalclocktoprovidesuchadeviceintheshortestpossibledelaytotheoutputclock.

Clock-gatedinmanyapplications,theentiredesignoftheoveralluseofexternalclockisnotpossibleorpractical.WiththeproductofPLDlogicarrayclock（thatis,theclockisgeneratedbythelogic）,toallowarbitraryfunctionalonealltriggerclock.However,whenyouusethearrayclock,theclockshouldbecarefullyanalyzedthefunction,inordertoavoidglitches.

Usuallyconstitutethearrayclockclock-gated.Clockgatingofteninterfacewiththemicroprocessor,andusedtheaddresstowritetocontrolthepulseline.However,whenusingcombinationofflip-flopwhentheclockfunction,usuallythereisaclock-gated.Ifthefollowingconditions,suchasclockgatingcanbeasreliableasglobalclockwork:

Drivetheclocklogicmustcontainonlyone"and"thedoorora"or"gate.Ifanyadditionalworkinsomestateoflogic,thecompetitionwillbetheburr.

Alogicgateinputastheactualclock,andthelogicgatemustbeofallotherinputastheaddressorcontrollines,inrelationtotheircompliancewiththeestablishmentandmaintenanceofclocktimebound.

Multi-levellogicgeneratedclockwhentheclock-gatinglogicofthecombinationofmorethanone（ormorethantheindividual"and"doorsor"or"gate）,theevidenceofthereliabilityofthedesignoftheprojecthasbecomeverydifficult.Eveniftheprototypeorsimulationresultsshowthatthereisnostaticdangerous,butinfacttheriskmaystillexist.Ingeneral,weshouldnotusemulti-levelcombinationallogictoclocktheflip-flopinthePLDdesign.

Traveling-waveclockclockanotherpopularuseoftraveling-wavecircuitistheclock,thatis,theoutputofaflip-flopusedasaclockinputofanotherflip-flop.Ifcarefuldesign,traveling-waveclockcanbethesameastheglobalclocktoworkreliably.However,thetraveling-waveclockmadefromtimetotimewiththecalculationofthecircuitbecomesverycomplicated.Line-wavetraveling-waveclockflip-flopofthechainhaveagreaterclocktimebetweentheoffsetandexceedtheworstcasetheset-uptime,holdtimeandclocktotheoutputcircuitofthedelay,allowingthesystemtotheactualsloweddown.

Multi-clocksystem,manysystemrequirementswithinthesamemulti-PLDclock.Themostcommonexampleisthetwoasynchronousinterfacesbetweenmicroprocessors,ormicroprocessorsandasynchronouscommunicationchannelinterface.Astheclocksignalbetweenthetworequirementstoestablishandmaintainacertaintime,sothattheaboveapplicationfromtimetotimetheintroductionofadditionalconstraints.Theyalsorequestedthatsomeasynchronoussynchronizationsignal.

Inmanyapplications,onlythesynchronizationofasynchronoussignalsisnotenough,whenthesystemoftwoormorenon-homologousclock,thedataitisdifficulttoestablishandmaintainthetimetobeassuredthatwewillfacethecomplexmatteroftime.Thebestwayistoallnon-homologousclocksynchronization.PLDinternaluseofthelockloop（PLLorDLL）isaverygood,butnotallofPLDwithaPLL,DLL,andchipPLLwithmostexpensive,sounlesstherearespecialrequirements,thegeneraloccasionsPLLcannotusewiththePLD.AtthistimeweneedtotaketoenabletheuseoftheDflip-fl