初三英语中考复习宾语从句定语从句状语从句讲解及练习.docx
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初三英语中考复习宾语从句定语从句状语从句讲解及练习
中考复习-----宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句讲解及练习
一状语从句复习
1.时间状语从句
在句中相当于时间状语的从句叫时间状语从句,常由assoonas,when,while,as,after,before,since,eversince,until,everytime,eachtime,nexttime等引导。
Assoonasyouarrive,givemeaphonecall.你一到就给我来电话.
MarywasreadingwhenIleft.我走的时候玛丽正在读书.
WhileIplayedthepiano,sisterdidherhomework.我在谈钢琴,姐姐在做功课.
Youcan’tleaveuntilyougothroughwithyourwork.不完成这项工作你不能走。
注意:
1.用until引导时间状语从句时,主句应用可持续性动词,如果主句是非持续性动词,则主句用否定形式.如:
Iwon’tgountilyoucomeback.你回来了我再走.
2.在时间状语从句中,常用一般现在时表示一般将来时,用一般过去时表示过去将来时.如:
Don’tforgettobringyourDV4000cameraherewhenyoucome.你来的时候别忘了带DV4000摄像机.
3.在由since引导的时间状语从句中,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时.也可用“Itis+一段时间+since（引导一般过去时的从句）”句型.如:
HehasworkedinthatcompanysincehegraduatedfromWuhanUniversity.他毕业以来就一直在那个公司工作.
2.地点状语从句
在句中相当于地点状语的从句叫地点状语从句.引导地点状语从句的常用词有where,anywhere,somewhere等.
Makemarkswhereyouhavequestions.在有问题的地方作出标记.
Youcangoanywhereyoulike.你可以到你想去的任何地方.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成.
3.原因状语从句
在句中相当于原因状语的从句叫原因状语从句.引导原因状语从句的常用词有because,as,since,for等.
Romanwasabsentfromschoolbecausehewasill.罗曼病了,没有上学.
AsParkerwasinahurry,heleftthisbaghome.由于派克太匆忙才把包丢家里了.
Sinceeveryonemakesmistakes,youshouldn’talwayscriticizehim.既然每个人都会犯错误,你不该总是批评他。
4.目的状语从句
在句中相当于目的状语的从句叫目的状语从句.常用inorderthat,sothat引导,译为“为了,以致,以便”.
Rhondaspokeveryslowlyinorderthatwecouldfollow.朗达讲话很慢,以便我们大家都能跟上.
We’llsitinthefrontofthehallsothatwecanhearmoreclearly.我们坐在大厅的前面，以便听得更清.
5.结果状语从句
在句中相当于结果状语的从句叫结果状语从句.常用来引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有sothat,so…that,such…that等,译为“如此……以致于”,“结果”.
MissGaoissokindthatweallrespecther.高老师很和蔼，我们都很尊敬她.
Thiswassuchfinemusicthatitwasworthlisteningtotwice.这音乐太好了,值得听两遍.
6.条件状语从句
在句中相当于条件状语的从句叫条件状语从句.常用来引导条件状语从句的连词有if,unless,as/solongas,once等.
Ifyoucorrectallyourmistakes,yourworkisnice.如果你能把所有的错误改正,你的工作就很出色.
Aslongasyoupromisetogo,I’llsurelygo.只要你答应去,我当然去.
Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.你一旦开始，便不可停下来.
Youcannotsucceedunlessyouworkhard.如果不努力，你是不会成功的.
注意:
由if引导的条件状语从句,不管主句是用一般将来时还是一般现在时,或当主句是祈使句时,从句都用一般现在时;主句是过去将来时,从句用一般过去时.
Iftheweatherisfinetomorrow,we’llgohiking.明天天气好的话,我们就去徒步旅行.
7.让步状语从句
在句中相当于让步状语的从句叫让步状语从句,常用的引导词有though,although,eventhough,evenif,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever,whosever,whenever,wherever,however等.
Although/ThoughTobyworksveryhard,（yet）shemakesveryslowprogress.尽管托比很努力,但进步还是不大。
Eventhough/ifyousayso,Idonotbelieveit.即使你这么说，我也不信.
Whateveryoudo,youshoulddoitwell.不管做什么事,都要做好.
8.比较状语从句
用来进行比较的状语从句叫比较状语从句,常用来引导比较状语从句的连词有as…as,notas/so…as,than等.
CarolspeaksEnglishaswellasyoudo.卡罗尔英语说得和你一样好.
Hedoesnotrunsofastashisbrother.他不如他弟弟跑得快.
Burtonwasmoresuccessfulthanwehadexpected.伯顿比我们想象的要成功得多.
9.方式状语从句
在句中用作方式状语的从句叫方式状语从句,常用来引导方式状语从句的连词主要有as,asif,asthough等.
YoushoulddoasItellyou.你应当按我告诉你懂得去做.
Itlooksasif/asthoughitisgoingtorain.看来要下雨了.
练习
1.Ifitsunnytomorrow,IfishinginSouthLake.
A.is,goB.willbe,goC.is,willgoD.willbe,willgo
2.–I’msorrytohearthatBillfailedexamagain.
-Don’tworryabouthim.I’msurethathewillnevergiveupuntilhe
.
A.succeedB.succeedsC.succeeded
3.–Lucy,whataboutgoingcampingifittomorrow?
-Soundsgreat!
A.didn’trainB.doesn’trainC.won’trainD.hasn’train
4.Thereisgoingtoasportsmeetingnextweek.Ifit,we’llhavetocancelit.
A.be,willrainB.have,willrainC.be,rains
5.–CouldyoupleasetellPeterthatIwanttotalktohim?
-Sure.Iwilllethimknowassoonasheback.
A.comesB.cameC.hascomeD.willcome
6.Youdomuchbetteryou’remorecarefulwithyourspelling.
A.ifB.beforeC.althoughD.unless
7.Peterwastiredthathecouldn’tcontinuerunning.
A.veryB.tooC.so
8.Itwassnowinghard,wehadtostayathomeandwatchTV.
A.thatB.soC.butD.because
9.–Whydidyoucometoschoollatethismorning?
-IwatchedtheFootballWorldCupuntil12o’clocklastnight.
A.IfB.BecauseC.SinceD.though
10.Mygrandmadidn’tgotosleepIgotbackhome.
A.whereB.untilC.assoonasD.while
11.–Mary,whataboutgoingboatingifittomorrow?
-Goodidea.
A.notrainB.willrainC.doesn’trainD.won’train
12.Askyourfriendtocallmebackassoonasshebacktomorrow.
A.willcomeB.comesC.coming
13.–Jack,youlooktiredtoday.What’swrong?
-IwasbusyIdidn’tgotobeduntilmidnightyesterday.
A.too,toB.enough,toC.so,thatD.such,that
14.–Tellhimaboutthenewswhenhe,John.–Yes,Iwill.
A.comesB.willcomeC.wouldcomeD.iscoming
15.ItriedtocallyouIheardfromhim,butyouwerenotin.
A.sinceB.whileC.untilD.assoonas
16.IttenyearssincewelastinBeijing.
A.was,metB.hasbeen,metC.was,meetD.is,meet
17.Noneofusknewwhathadhappenedweheardthenewsonradio.
A.afterB.untilC.when
18.MrsShutewouldn’tleavetheTVset,herchildrenwerewaitingfortheirsupper.
A.ifB.becauseC.eventhoughD.assoonas
二宾语从句复习要点
学习宾语从句,我们应该注意三个方面：
连接词、语序和时态。
一、连接词
1.that引导宾语从句时,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,常可省略。
如:
●Iknow（that）heisaCanadianathlete.
2.whether或if引导宾语从句时,whether或if在句中不充当句子成分,意为“是否”,不可省略。
如:
●Idon’tknowwhether/ifmyparentsagreewithme.
注意:
与ornot直接连用时只能用whether不可用if。
如:
●Hedidn’tsaywhetherornothewouldbestayinghere.
3.what,who,whose,which等连接代词和when,where,how,why等连接副词引导宾语从句时,这些词在从句中充当一定的句子成分,都有各自的词义,不能省略。
如:
●Hedidn’tunderstandwhattheteachersaid.
●Idon’tknowwhenwewillhaveameeting.
二、语序
1.在含有宾语从句的复合句中,宾语从句须用陈述句语序。
如:
●Doyouknowwherehelives?
2.当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose,imagine,expect等词时,宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中,译为汉语时,仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。
否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。
如:
●Idon’tthink（that）Tomiswrong.
我认为汤姆没错。
三、时态
1.当主句的谓语动词是现在时态或一般将来时的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词可根据需要使用各种时态。
但如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词也必须使用相应的过去时态。
如:
●Iwanttoknowhowhecameyesterday.
●SheaskedifhewasleavingforBeijingsoon.
2.宾语从句表述的是客观事实或普遍真理时,不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态,宾语从句仍使用一般现在时。
如:
●Theteachertoldusthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.
用法注意
一、if和when既能引导宾语从句,又能引导状语从句。
因此,一定要认清它们一种形式的“两副面孔”,从而准确地判断句子的类型。
如:
Idon’tknowif/whenhewillcometomorrow.（宾语从句）
If/Whenhecomes,I’lltellyouaboutit.（状语从句）
二、宾语从句与简单句
含有宾语从句的复合句有时可以变为简单句。
该知识点在句型转换的题型中经常会作为考点出现。
现归纳如下:
1.在某些由疑问词（why除外）引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。
【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的宾语。
如:
IwanttoknowhowIcanopenthedoor.
→Iwanttoknowhowtoopenthedoor.
2.在某些由疑问词（why除外）引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句谓语动词的间接宾语一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。
【变法】把宾语从句转换为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作主句谓语动词的复合宾语。
如:
CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?
→Couldyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?
3.在某些由that引导的宾语从句的复合句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,原复合句可以变为简单句。
【变法】原复合句可变为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型。
如:
Wefoundthattheboywasveryclever.
→Wefoundtheboyveryclever.
Isawthattheywereplayingbasketballthere.
→Isawthemplayingbasketballthere.
Exercises
1.Iwanttoknow_____thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedidD.whatdidhedo
2.---Couldyoupleasetellme_______?
----It’snexttothepostoffice.
A.whereisthesupermarket.B.wherethesupermarketis
C.wherewasthesupermarketD.wherethesupermarketwas
3.Noonecanbesure_____inamillionyears.
A.whatmanlookslikeB.whatwillmanlooklike
C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatmanwilllooklike
4.---Couldyoutellme______tomorrowmorning?
----Well,itwillstartat9:
00o’clock.
A.whenthemeetingwillstartB.wherewillthemeetingstart
C.wherethemeetingstartsD.whenthemeetingwouldstart
5.---Couldyoutellmehowlong______thebook?
---Threedays.
A.IcankeepB.CanIborrowC.IcanborrowD.canIkeep
6.LiuLing’smotherwantedtoknow______.
A.ifshestudiedhardatschoolB.howdidshestudyatschool
C.whatdidshestudyatschool
7.Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmewhichgate______?
A.wehavetogotoB.wehadtogotoC.dowehavetogotoD.didwehavetogoto
8.Canyoudescribe_______?
A.whatyourfriendislikeB.howyourfriendislike
C.whatdoesyourfriendlooklikeD.howyourfriendlookslike
9.---Canyoumakesure______?
---Sorry,Ican’t.ButIdidseeherjustnow.
A.wheredidshegoB.whereshehadgoneC.whereshehasgoneD.wherewillshego
10.Heaskedhisclassmatewhere_______.
A.doeshisteacherseethefilmB.histeachersawthefilm
C.didhisteacherseethefilm
11.---Bytheway,doyouknowtheNationalSpellingBee?
---No,Ineverheardofit.Tellme_______,please.
A.whatisitB.whatitisC.itiswhatD.isitwhat
12.Ourteacheraskedme_______.
A.whatwasAnndoingthesedaysB.whyPeterdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday
C.whenwillthedolphinshowbeginD.howlongIusuallyspendonmyhomework
13.“Excuseme,doyouknow______?
”“Sorry,Idon’tknow.”
A.whereisNo.1MiddleSchoolB.whereNo.1MiddleSchoolis
C.No.1MiddleSchooliswhereD.No.1MiddleSchoolwhereis
14.---Howdoesshecometoschool?
---Pardon?
---Iaskedhow______toschool.
A.didshecomeB.shecameC.doesshecome
15.Doyouknow______thistimeyesterday?
A.whatsheiscookingB.whatisshecookingC.whatshewascookingD.whatwasshecooking
16.TheteacheraskedLucy_______.
A.wheredoesshecomefromB.whatdidshelikebest
C.ifshecouldspeakChineseD.whenwassheborn
17.Don’tworry.I’lltellMr.Green_______hecomesback.
A.whenB.howC.whyD.where
18.---WecanuseMSNtotalkwitheachotherontheInternet.
---Really?
Willyoupleaseshowme________?
A.howcanIuseB.howIcanuseC.howcanIuseitD.howIcanuse
升级会员 