高中英语语法省略句.docx
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高中英语语法省略句
省略句
为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）
种类
例句
说明
主语的省略
Beautifulday（=Itisabeautifulday）,isn’tit?
Pitywelivesofarfromthesea.（Itisapitywelivesofarfromthesea.）
有时也可省略整个句子的主语和谓语，只保留次要成分。
Shewaspoorbut（shewas）honest.
--Didyouknowanythingabouttheaccident?
--Notuntilyoutoldme.（=Ididn’tknowanythingaboutituntilyoutoldme.）
谓语的省略
--whatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?
--Losinghernewbicycle（madeMarysoupset）.
状语从句的省略
Seenfromtheplane（whenitisseenfromtheplane）,thehouselooksliketinytoys.
If（itis）possible,I’llgotherewithyou.
注意状语从句中的主语同主句主语的一致性。
不定式的省略
Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhimnotto.（nottoridehisbicycleinthestreet.）
--Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?
--Iwasgoingto（comeyesterday）,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
若不定式后面是完成时，省略时应保留have；不定式后含有动词be的结构时，也要保留be动词。
--Didyoutellhimthenews?
--Ioughttohave（toldhimthenews）,butIdidn’tknowhowtospeak.
--Areyouanengineer?
--No,butIwanttobe.
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。
1、when，while引导的时间状语从句
e.g.Dobecarefulwhen（youare）crossingthestreet.
When/While（Iwas）onmywaytowork,Imether.
2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句
e.g.If（itis）properlytreated,wastewilldonoharmtotheenvironment.
I’llnotgotothepartyunless（Iam）invited.
Once（youare）caughtstealinginasupermarket,youwillbepunished.
3、though，although，whether，nomatterwhether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句
e.g.Hewashappy,though/although（hewas）poor.
Whether（sheis）sickorwell,sheisalwayscheerful.
Nomatterhow/Howeverhardthetask（is）,wemustfulfillitintime.（注：
从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）
4、asif，asthough引导的方式状语从句
e.g.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasif/though（hewas）wakingupafteralongsleep.
Hestoodupasif/though（hewanted）toleave.（asif/though+todo表示一个将来的动作）
二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：
当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。
e.g.Heistallerthanhisbrother（is）.
Ihaveasmuchasconfidenceinyouas（Ihaveconfidence）inhim.
三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：
通常省略了itis，thatis，thereis/are。
e.g.If（itis）possible/necessary,thisoldtemplewillberebuilt.
If（thatis）so,Iwillcallyoubackat5:
00pm.
Thereareonlyafewbooksinourschoollibrary,if（thereare）any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；inwhich或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。
e.g.Theman（that/who/whom）youvisitedlastnightismygrandpa.
Idon’tliketheway（inwhich/that）youtreatthegirl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。
e.g.IfIwereateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
=WereIateacher,Iwouldbestrictwithmystudents.
2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。
e.g.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe（should）trytoloseweight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。
（一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch）
2、donothingbut，can’thelpbut等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g.Wedidn’tdoanythingbutstayathomewatchingTVyesterday.
Hearingthenews,shecouldn’thelpbutcry.
3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。
但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。
E.g.Myparentsencouragedmetogotocollege,butIdidn’twantto.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’mafraid等连用
e.g.–Doyousupposeheisgoingtoattendthemeeting?
–Isupposenot.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。
在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g.–Howmanycopiesdoyouwant?
--（Iwant）Threecopies,please.
--HaveyoueverbeentotheGreatWall?
--No,（Ihave）never（beentotheGreatWall）.
随讲随练1、—Lucy，couldyoupleasesparemeafewminutes?
—____，butIhope"afewminutes"won'tturnintoafewhours.
A.Itdoesn'tmatter B.That'skindofyou
C.I'mafraidnot D.Iguessso
2、—Hey，taxi!
—_____
—Iwanttogotothedentist's.
A.Goodmorning,sir. B.Nicetoseeyou,sir.
C.Whereto,sir?
D.Whatareyougoingtodo,sir?
3、Thedoctorexpresseshisstrongdesirethatthepatient_____immediately.
A.beoperatedon B.operatedon
C.wasoperatedon D.wouldbeoperatedon
4、Whenhecameback,hefoundthebaghehad____overtheseatwasgone.
A.lefttohang B.lefthanging C.lefthung D.toleavehanging
5、LiuXiangspokeslowlytotheSpecialOlympiccompetitorssoastohavethem____.
A.understandhim B.tobeunderstood
C.beunderstood D.tounderstandhim
6、—ArethereanyEnglishstorybooksforusstudentsinthelibrary?
—Thereareonlyafew,____.
A.ifany B.ifhave C.ifsome D.ifhas
8、—DoesBettyknowwhereherviolinis?
—Shesawsomebodywalkingoffwithone,butshedoesn'tknow____.
A.whose B.it C.whom D.which
9、—Aren'tyouthemanager?
—No,andI____.
A.don'twant B.don'twantto C.don'twanttobe D.don't
10、—Howareyougettingonwithyourwork?
—Oh,I'msorry.Thingsaren'tgoingsowellas____.
A.plans B.planning C.planned D.toplan
11、—What'sthematterwithyou?
—Ididn'tpassthetest,butIstill____.
A.hopeso B.hopeto C.hopeit D.hopethat
12、Thedoctordidwhathecould___theboy,butinvain.
A.save B.tosave C.saving D.saved
13、—Youlookhappytoday,Mary.
—IlikemynewdressandMother___,too.
A.likes B.does C.is D.do
14、—Whathappenedtotheboy?
Hewasmakingsomuchnoise.
—Hewantedtoplayfootball,buthismotherwarnedhim____.
A.not B.to C.notto D./
15、____foryourbrother,IwouldnothavegonetoseeMr.Wang.
A.Ifitisnot B.Wereitnot
C.Haditnotbeen D.Iftheywerenot
省略句练习
1.Whenfirst________tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.（NMET2004全国卷II）bb
A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
2.Itshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhen________atthemeetingbymyboss.（NMET2004全国卷IV）
A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned
3.Themanwefollowedsuddenlystoppedandlookedasif________whetherhewasgoingintherightdirection.（NMET2003安徽春）
A.seeingB.havingseenC.tohaveseenD.tosee
4.Generallyspeaking,________accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.（NMET2003上海卷）
A.whentakingB.whentakenC.whentotakeD.whentobetaken
5.Unless________tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.（NMET2003上海春）
A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited
6.When________,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.（NMET2002上海春）
A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted
7.Though________money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.（NMET2002上海卷）
A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
8.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce____nb____nothingcanbedonetochangeit.（NMET2002）
A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
9.—You'realwaysworking.Comeon,let'sgoshopping.
—________youeverwanttodoisgoingshopping.（NMET2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春）
A.AnythingB.SomethingC.AllD.That
10.Isthisthereason________atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?
（NMET2002上海春）
A.heexplained
B.whatheexplained
C.howheexplained
D.whyheexplained
11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut________hesaidit.（NMET2004湖北卷）
A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich
12.Itiseasytodotherepair.________youneedisahammerandsomenails.（NMET2004天津卷）
A.SomethingB.AllC.BothD.Everything
13.That'sanunpleasantthingtosayaboutyourfatherafter________he'sdoneforyou.（NMET2004全国卷）
A.somethingB.anythingC.allD.that
14.Asyou'veneverbeentherebefore,I'llhavesomeone________youtheway.（MET1990上海卷）
A.toshowB.showC.showingD.showed
15.—I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermycat?
—Notatall,________.（NMET1995）
A.IhavenotimeB.I'drathernotC.I'dlikeitD.I'dbehappyto
16.—DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGerman?
—Yes,heintends________.（NMET1998上海卷）
A./B.toC.soD.that
17.—WouldyouliketogototheGrandTheatrewithmetonight?
—________.（NMET1999上海卷）
A.Yes,I'dliketogototheGrandTheatre
B.I'dliketo,butIhaveanexamtomorrow
C.No,Iwon't
D.That'sright
18.—Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.
—Imeant________,butwhenIwasleavingIcouldn'tfindheranywhere.（NMET2000北京春招卷）
A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingto
19.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.（NMET1994上海卷）
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
20.________forthefreetickets,Iwouldnothavegonetothefilmssooften.（NMET1995上海卷）
A.IfitisnotB.WereC.HaditnotbeenD.Iftheywerenot
21.Iwillknowwhatwasonhismindatthetime,norwill________.（NMET2004江苏卷）
A.anyoneB.anyoneelseC.nooneD.nooneelse
22.Ofthemakingofgoodbooksthereisnoend;neither________anyendtotheirinfluenceonman'slives.（NMET2004广东卷）
A.thereisB.thereareC.isthereD.arethere
23.—Iwouldnevercometothisrestaurantagain.Thefoodisterrible!
—________.（NMET2004全
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