国际贸易实务双语教程第4版文档格式.docx

国际贸易实务双语教程第4版文档格式.docx

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MerchandiseexportsandImports,ServiceExportsandImports,InvestmentandMultinationalEnterprise.6.Itistheaccountwhichisasummarystatementoftheflowofallinternationaleconomicandfinancialtransactionsbetweenonenation（eg.theUnitedStates）andtherestoftheworldoversomeperiodoftime,usuallyoneyear.7.MerchandiseExportingandImporting.8.Yes.Therearegreatdifferencesbetweenthem.1）directinvestmenttakesplacewhencontrolfollowstheinvestment.Itusuallymeanshighcommitmentofcapital,personnel,andtechnologyabroad.Itaimsatgainingofforeignresourcesandforeignmarkets.Directinvestmentmayoftengethigherforeignsalesthanexporting.Andsometimesitinvolvestwoormoreparties.2）Whileportfolioinvestmentsarenotundercontrol.Andtheyareusedprimarilyforfinancialpurposes.Treasuresofcompanies,forexample,routinelymorefundsfromonecountrytoanothertogetahigheryieldonshortterminvestments.9.MNEistheabbreviationofthemultinationalenterprise.ItssynonymsareNNC（themultinationalcorporation）andTNC（transnationalcorporation）.10.Examplesaretravel,transport,fee,royalties,dividendsandinterest.11.Thechoiceofformsisinfluencedbytheobjectivebeingpursuedandtheenvironmentsinwhichthecompanymustoperate.12.Itislimitedbythenumberofpeopleinterestedinafirm’sproductsandservicesandbycustomers’capacitytomakepurchase.13.Thisisbecauseatanearlystageofinternationalinvolvementtheseoperationsusuallytaketheleastcommitmentandleastriskofafirm’sresources.14.Royaltiesmeansthepaymentforuseofassetsfromabroad,suchasfortrademarkspatens,copyrights,orotherexpertiseundercontractknownaslicencingagreements.Royaltiesarealsopaidfranchising.15.Itisawayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty（thefranchiser）theuseofatrademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchisers’business.

IIMatcheachoneontheleftwithitscorrectmeaningontheright

1.J2.A3.E4.B5.C6.D7.I8.G9.F10.H

IIITranslatethefollowingtermsandphrasesintoChinese

1购买力11经济复苏；

恢复2潜在销售量12经济衰退3加价，涨价13间接投资4国内市场14有形货物5制成品15有形进出口6边际利润16收入及支出；

岁入及岁出7市场占有率17超额能力8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；

经纪人9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式10经销周期20许可证协定

IV.CaseStudy.

Batteriescalled“whiteelephant”exportedfromChinawereverypopularinSoutheastAsia,butinUnitedStatesnoonewasinterestedinthegoods.Why?

Batteriescalled"

whiteelephant"

exportedfromChinawereverypopularinSoutheastAsia,because"

wasaluckythinginSoutheastAsia,butnoonewasinterestedinitinthemarketofEuropeandtheUnitedStates.Thebossofthecompanywasverystrangethatthequalityofthebatteryorthepriceofreasons,soheaskedhisstafftoinvestigate.Finallyhefoundthatisthebrand"

tobeblame.Thebrand'

snametranslatedintoEnglishwas"

whichmeantsomethingwerenousebutcumbersomeinWesterncountries.Itwasreallyabadtranslationfromcultureinformationperspective.Themeaningderivedfromalegend.Accordingtothelegend,therewasakingwhohatedaminister,sohegaveawhiteelephanttotheministerforpunishment.Theministerhastotakecareofthewhiteelephant,hecouldn'

tgiveittoothersorkillitbecauseit'

sthekinggaveittohim.However,theappetiteofthewhiteelephantwassogreat,andtheministerbecamepoorer.Soitshowedpeopleinwesterncountrieswouldnotbuythebatteryfortheconsumershavenowillingtobuysomethinguselessbutcumbersome.

V.Pleasetrytofindoutsomecasesaboutculturaldifferencesindoinginternationalbusiness.

（Open）

VI.PleasedeterminewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTRUEorFALES.ThenputTforTRUEorFforFALESinthebracketattheendofeachstatement.

1.（T）2.（F）3.（F）4.（T）5.（F）6.（T）7.（T）8.（F）9.（T）10.（T）11.（F）12.（F）13.（T）14.（T）15.（F）

Ⅶ.TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

1.Tradeisoftensaidtobethe"

engine"

ofdevelopment.Althoughthisanalogyistoosimple,itdoesillustratetheimportanceofforeigntradeineconomicdevelopment.Althoughthehealthygrowthofexportsisnotalwayssufficientforrapidandsustainedeconomicgrowth,itisundeniablethatthereisapositiveandcloselinkbetweenthetwo.Theroleoftradedevelopmentineconomicgrowthismanifestedinmanyways.Amongthemare:

thebenefitsofprofessionaldivisionoflabor,theroleofinternationalcompetitioninpromotingdomesticeconomicefficiencyandtheabilitytopayfortheimportofgoodsneededfordevelopment,aswellasmoregenerally,theencouragementofinvestmentandentrepreneurship.

2.Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedbyonecountrywithgoodsandservicesproducedbyanothercountry.Inadditiontothevisibletrade,thatis,theimportandexportofgoodsandcargos,therearealsoinvisibletrade,whichreferstotheexchangeoflaborbetweencountries.CountriessuchasGreeceandNorway,whichhavevastmaritimefleetsandprovidetransportservices,reflectaformofinvisibletrade.Forsomecountries,invisibletradeisjustasimportantasrawmaterialsandcommodityexportsforsomeothercountries.Inbothcases,thesecountriescanmakemoneytobuythegoodstheyneed.

3.Internationaltradeisvariedinavarietyofways.Underwritingreferstotheseller,inaparticularareaandwithinacertainperiodoftime,togiveforeigncustomerstheexclusiverighttosellthedesignatedcommoditytrade.Inthisdeal,thegoodsaretakenoverbytheunderwriter,soldontheirownandareself-financing.Thisisdifferentfromacommission-onlyagent,andbecausetheunderwriterenjoysafranchiseinaparticulararea,makingitdistinctfromthegeneralsaleandpurchaseagreement.

4.Nocountryintheworldcanproducealltheproductsitneeds,soallcountriesparticipateintheinternationaldivisionoflaborforeffectiveproductionandreproduction.Sometimes,acountrycanbuygoodsandservicesabroadfromabarter,whichreferstotheexchangeofonegoodforanotherandnotformoney.Bartertradebyitselfisnotenoughtomeettheneedsofacountry'

simports.However,asamodeoftrade,itisattractivetodevelopingcountriesthathaveashortageofforeignexchangeorshortageofinflowofforeigncapitaltomeetthedemandforforeigntrade.

Ⅷ.MultipleChoices

1-5DDADB6-10AAABA

第二章练习答案

Unit2GeneralProceduresofExportandImportTransaction

I.Answerthefollowingquestions

1.Pleasetellustheproceduresofinternationaltrade.

Theproceduresofanexportorimportbusinessaresocomplicatedthatitmaytakequitealongtimetoconcludeatransaction.Variedandcomplicatedprocedureshavetobegonethroughinthecourseofexportorimporttransaction.Fromtheverybeginningtotheendofthetransaction,thewholeoperationgenerallyundergoesfourstages:

preparingforexportingorimporting,businessnegotiation,implementationofthecontract,andsettlementofdisputes（ifany）.Eachstagecoverssomespecificsteps.Sincetheexportandimporttradesaretwosidesofthesamecoin,andonecountry’sexportisanothercountry’simport.

2.Whatarethepartiesinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction?

Thepartieswhoareinvolvedinexportandimporttransactionsarenumerousandcanbedescribedasvariously.Thebasicpartiesarethebuyerwhopurchasesthegoodsandthesellerwhoprovidesthegoods.

3.Whatarethespecialistsinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction?

Manyspecialistsmaybeinvolvedinexportandimporttransaction,including:

（1）Ashippingagentand/orforeignforwarder（forwardingagent）willtakeresponsibilityforthedocumentationandarrangeforthegoodstobeshippedbyair,sea,railorroad.Theseservicesmaybecarriedoutbythesupplier’sownexportdepartment,iftheyhavetheexpertise.

（2）Airlines,shippinglines,railwaycompaniesorhaulagecontractorswillactualtransportthegoods.

（3）Boththeimporter’sandexporter’sbankswillbeinvolvedinarrangingpaymentsifaletterofcreditorbillofexchangeisused.

（4）CustomsandExciseofficersmayneedtoexaminethegoods,checkimportorexportlicensingandchargedutyand/orVAT.

（5）AchamberofCommercemayneedtoissueaCertificateofOrigin,ifthisisrequiredbytheimporter’scountry.

（6）Aninsurancecompanyinsuresgoodsintransit.

（7）Alawyerifaspecialcontracthastobedrawnup.

4.Whatarethedocumentsneededinexportandimporttransaction?

Animport/exporttransactionusuallyrequiresalotofcomplicateddocumentsbecauseitisdifficulttomakemanydifferentarrangementswhenonefirmisdealingwithanotherontheothersideoftheworld.Thenumberandtypeofdocumentsneededdependonthespecificrequirementsoftheexporterandimporter.Generally,thedocumentsneededinclude:

（1）BillofLading.

（2）CommercialInvoice.

（3）ProformaInvoice.

（4）ConsularInvoice.