TOEFL试题含答案.docx

TOEFL试题含答案.docx

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TOEFL试题含答案

SectionTwo:

StructureandWrittenExpression

1.Inthelate1970’sandearly1980’s,theUnitedStatesdevelopedthereusablespaceshuttle________tospacecheaperandeasier.

A.tomakeaccess

Bandmakingaccess

C.whichmadeaccessible

D.andmadeaccessible.

2.Genetically,thechimpanzeeismoresimilartohumans_______.

A.arethananyotheranimal

B.thanisanyotheranimal

C.anyotheranimalis

D.andanyotheranimalis

3._______morethan65,000describedspeciesofprotozoa,ofwhichmorethanhalfarefossils.

A.Beingthatthereare

B.Therebeing

C.Arethere

D.Thereare

4.TheShermanAntitrustActof1890___nearlyunanimouslythroughtheUnitedStatesCongress.

A.passed

B.inpassage

C.havingpassed

D.passing

5.Modernskyscrapershaveasteelskeletonofbeamsandcolumns___athree-dimensionalgrid.

A.forms

B.fromwhichforming

C.andforming

D.thatforms

6.TheaveragelevelofUnitedStatespricesgrewverylittlefrom1953untilthemid-1960’swhen____________.

A.didinflationbegin

B.inflationbegan

C.thebeginningofinflation

D.didthebeginningofinflation

7.Thebasispremisebehindallagriculturalproductionis_____availabletherichesofthesoilforhumanconsumption.

A.tobemade

B.themaking

C.makingis

D.tomake

8.___totheunitedstatesHouseofRepresentativesin1791,NathanielMaconremainedinofficeuntil1815.

A.Election

B.Whyhewaselected

C.Elected

D.Whowaselected

9.________ofclassicalballetintheunitedstatesbeganaround1830.

A.Toteach

B.Isteaching

C.Itwastaught

D.Theteaching

10.Theuniverseisestimated___between10billionand20billionyearsold.

A.being

B.tobe

C.whichis

D.is.

11.Asituationinwhichaneconomicmarketisdominatedbya____isknownasamonopoly.

A.singleofaproductseller

B.productsingleofaseller

C.sellerofaproductsingle

D.singlesellerofaproduct

12.____freshwaterspeciesoffishbuildnestsofsticks,stones,orscooped-outsand..

A.Asthemany

B.Ofthemany

C.Many

D.Manyofthemare

13.Newspaperpublishersintheunitedstateshaveestimated___________readsanewspapereveryday.

A.nearly80percentoftheadultpopulationwho

B.itisnearly80percentoftheadultpopulation

C.thatnearly80percentoftheadultpopulationwho

D.thatnearly80percentoftheadultpopulation

14.Thefoundationofallotherbranchesofmathematicsisarithmetic,_scienceofcalculatingwithnumbers.

A.isthe

B.the

C.whichthe

D.becausethe

15.Nylonwas___thehuman-madefibers.

A.thefirstofwhich

B.whatthefirstof

C.itthefirstof

D.thefirstof

16.Themalecicadasoundismadebyspecializedstructuresontheabdomenandwhichapparentlyseverstoattractfemales.

17.TelevisionsarenowaneverydayfeatureofmosthouseholdsintheUnitedStates,andtelevisionviewingisthenumberoneactivityleisure.

18.BacteriaareoneofthemostabundantlifeformsonEarth,growingonandinsideanotherlivingthings,ineverytypeofenvironment.

19.Fluorineisagreenishgastooactivethatevenwaterandglassburninit.

20.Ingeneral,novelsarethoughtofextendedworksofprosefictiondepictingtheinnerandouterlivesoftheircharacters.

21.Metabolismistheinclusivetermforthechemicalreactionsbywhichthecellsofanorganismtransformsenergy,maintaintheiridentity,andreproduce.

22.Althoughmostpetroleumisproducedfromundergroundreservoirs,petroleumoccursinavarietiesofformsatthesurface.

23.Amusicalorgancanhavepipesoftwokinds:

fluepipesthatworklikeafluteandreedpipesthatoperateonsameprincipleasaclarinet.

24.TheLandOrdinanceof1784dividedthewesternlandsbelongingtotheUnitedStatesintoterritories,eachtobegoverntemporarilybyitssettlers.

25.Ifthereistoomuchpituitaryhormoneoftoofewinsulin,theamountofsugarinthebloodrisesabnormally,producingaconditioncalledhyperglycemia.

26.Thecareofchildrenduringtheiryearsofrelativehelplessnessappearstohavebeingthechiefincentivefortheevolutionoffamilystructures.

27.Itwasnotuntilthe1920’sthatpollutioncametobeviewedbymanyasathreattothehealthofliveonEarth.

28.Plateletsaretinybloodcellsthathelptransporthormonesandotherchemicalsthroughoutthebody,anditplayakeyroleinclottingblood.

29.Untilthetwentiethcentury,pendulumclockswerecalibratedagainsttherotationofearthbytakingastronomicallymeasurements.

30.Therapidgrowthoftheworld’spopulationoverthepast100yearshasled

toagreatincreaseintheacreageoflandundercultivation.

31.Intheeighteenthcentury,thePawnees,descendantsoftheNebraskaculture,livedin

villagessizeableontheLoupandPlatteriversincentralNebraska.

32.Theattractionofoppositechargesisoneoftheforcethatkeepelectronsinorbitaroundofnucleusofanatom.

33.Ofeverythemajortraditionsofwoodcarving,theonethatisclosestinstructuretothetreeisthecrestpolemadebytheNativeAmericansoftheNorthwestcoast.

34.Manyofthefine-grainedvarietiesofsedimentaryrocksknownasshalesyieldoil

 whendistilledbyhot.

35.In1820therewereonly65dailynewspapersintheunitedstates,whichtotaldailycirculationofperhaps100,000.

36.TheMilkyWaygalaxyincludestheSun,itsplanets,andrestofthesolarsystem,alongwithbillionsofstarsandotherobjects.

37.SomeofsharpshooterAnnieOakley’sexploitswithagunarealmostunbelievablewhen

itcomestoaccuracy,speedoffiring,andendure.

38.Evidencefromancientfossilsindicatesthescorpionmayhadbeenamongthefirstlandanimals.

39.Jetties,piersdesignedtoaidinmarinenavigation,areconstructedprimaryofwood,stone,concrete,orcombinationsofthesematerials.

40.TheBarnesFoundationinMerion,Pennsylvania,wascharteredin1922topromotionarteducationbyprovidingartclassesandbyestablishingapublishingprogram.

SectionThree:

ReadingComprehension

Question1-10

allmammalsfeedtheiryoung.Belugawhalemothers,forexample,nursetheircalvesforsometwentymonths,untiltheyareabouttogivebirthagainandtheiryoungareabletofindtheirownfood.Thebehavioroffeedingoftheyoungisbuiltintothereproductivesystem.Itisanonselectivepartofparentalcareandthedefiningfeatureofamammal,themostimportantthingthatmammals--whethermarsupials,platypuses,spinyanteaters,orplacentalmammals--haveincommon.

Butnotallanimalparents,eventhosethattendtheiroffspringtothepointofhatchingorbirth,feedtheiryoung.Mostegg-guardingfishdonot,forthesimplereasonthattheiryoungaresomuchsmallerthantheparentsandeatfoodthatisalsomuchsmallerthanthefoodeatenbyadults.Inreptiles,thecrocodilemotherprotectsheryoungaftertheyhavehatchedandtakesthemdowntothewater,wheretheywillfindfood,butshedoesnotactuallyfeedthem.Fewinsectsfeedtheiryoungafterhatching,butsomemakeotherarrangement,provisioningtheircellsandnestswithcaterpillarsandspidersthattheyhaveparalyzedwiththeirvenomandstoredinastateofsuspendedanimationsothattheirlarvaemighthaveasupplyoffreshfoodwhentheyhatch.

Foranimalsotherthanmammals,then,feedingisnotintrinsictoparentalcare.Animalsaddittotheirreproductivestrategiestogivethemanedgeintheirlifelongquestfordescendants.Themostvulnerablemomentinanyanimal'slifeiswhenitfirstfindsitselfcompletelyonitsown,whenitmustforageandfendforitself.Feedingpostponesthatmomentuntilayounganimalhasgrowntosuchasizethatitisbetterabletocope.Youngthatarefedbytheirparentsbecomenutritionallyindependentatamuchgreaterfractionoftheirfulladultsize.Andinthemeantimethoseyoungareshieldedagainstthevagariesoffluctuatingofdifficult-to-findsupplies.Onceaspeciesdoestakethestepoffeedingitsyoung,theyoungbecometotallydependentontheextraeffort.Ifbothparentsareremoved,theyounggenerallydonosurvive.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A.Thecarethatvariousanimalsgivetotheiroffspring.

B.Thedifficultiesyounganimalsfaceinobtainingfood.

C.Themethodsthatmammalsusetonursetheiryoung.

D.Theimportanceamongyoungmammalsofbecomingindependent.

2.Theauthorlistsvariousanimalsinline5to

A.contrastthefeedinghabitsofdifferenttypesofmammals

B.describetheprocessbywhichmammalscametobedefined

C.emphasizethepointthateverytypeofmammalfeedsitsownyoung

D.explainwhyaparticularfeatureofmammalsisnonselective

3.Theword"tend"inline7isclosestinmeaningto

A.siton

B.move

C.notice

D.carefor

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutthepracticeofanimalparentsfeedingtheiryoung?

A.Itisunknownamongfish.

B.Itisunrelatedtothesizeoftheyoung.

C.Itisdangerousfortheparents.

D.Itismostcommonamongmammals.

5.Theword"provisioning"inline13isclosestinmeaningto

A.supplying

B.preparing

C.building

D.expanding

6.Accordingtothepassage,howdosomeinsectsmakesuretheiryounghavefood?

A.Bystoringfoodneartheiryoung.

B.Bylocatingtheirnestsorcellsnearspidersandcaterpillars.

C.Bysearchingforfoodsomedistancefromtheirnest.

D.Bygatheringfoodfromanearbywatersource.

7.Theword"edge"inline17isclosestinmeaningto

A.opportunity

B.advantage

C.purpose

D.rest

8.Theword"it"inline20refersto

A.Feeding

B.moment

C.younganimal

D.size

9.Accordingtothepassage,animalyoungaremostdefenselesswhen

A.theirparentsareawaysearchingforfood

B.theirparentshav