专转本英语写作常见语法错句型.docx

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专转本英语写作常见语法错句型

 

常见语法错误分类

语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。

在实际的阅卷过程中,语法错误,尤其是较为严重的错误,是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”,有时甚至是惟一的点。

因此,认清各种各样的语法错误,尽可能地避免此类错误,对于提高作文有极大的帮助。

现将大家常犯的语言错误逐一归类,抽出一些典型错误,以提醒大家注意。

1.句子成分残缺不全

Wealwaysworkingtilllateatnightbeforetakingexams.

Wearealwaysworking/Wealwaysworktillatnightbeforetakingexams.

Weshouldreadbooksmaybeusefultous.

Weshouldreadbookswhichmaybeusefultous.

2.句子成分多余

Thistestisend,butthereisanothertestiswaitingforyou.

Onetestends,butanotheriswaitingforyou.

Thedriveroftheredcarwasdiedonthespot.

Thedriveroftheredcardiedonthespot.

3.主谓不一致

Someonethinkthatreadingshouldbeselective.

Somethinkthatreadingshouldbeselective

Mysistergotothecinemaatleastonceaweek.

Mysistergoestothecinemaatleastonceaweek.

4.动词时态、语态的误用

Iwaswalkingalongtheroad,andtherearenotsomanycarsonthestreet.

Iwaswalkingalongtheroadandtherewerenotsomanycarsonthestreet.

5.词类混淆

Itismypointthatreadingmustbeselectively.

Inmyopinion,readingmustbeselective.

Honestissoimportantforeveryperson.

Honestyissoimportantforeveryone.

6.名词可数与不可数的误用

Toomuchtestsaredisadvantageforstudents’study.

Toomanytestsaredisadvantageoustostudents.

Inmodernsociety,peopleareundervariouspressures.

Inmodernsociety,peopleareundervariouskindsofpressure.

7.动词及物与不及物的误用

Becauseofhisexcellentperformance,thebossrosehissalary.

Becauseofhisexcellentperformance,thebossraisedhissalary.

8.Therebe句型的误用

Thereexistssomenewproblemssuchasbeingdishonest.

Thereexistsomenewproblemssuchasbeingdishonest.

Therearemanytreesstandalongsidetheroad.

Therearemanytreesstandingalongsidetheroad.

9.根据中文逐字硬译

Ifsomeone’sfamilysituationisnotwell,hecanapplyforloantobank.

Ifone’sfamilyisnotwelloff,hecanapplytothebankforaloan.

 

英语考试写作九类精彩句型

一)比较

  1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.

  2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

  3.Like anything else, it has its faults.

  4.A and B has several points in common.

  5. A and B differ in several ways.

  6. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

  7. People used to think ..., but things are different now.

  二)原因

  1.A number of factors are accountable(应负责的,有责任的,) for this situation.  

  2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

3.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the 

phenomenon(problem).

4. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...

5.One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

6.Another contributing(起作用的) factor (cause ) is ...

7.But the fundamental(基本的) cause is that ...

三)后果

1. It may give rise to a host of problems.

2. The immediate result it produces is ...

3. Its consequence(结果) can be so great that...

四)批驳

1)It is true that ..., but one vital(重大的) point is being left out.  

2) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.(说得通)

3) Many of us have been under the illusion(幻想) that...

4) It makes no sense to argue for ...

5) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...

6) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...转

五)举例

  1) A good case in point(相关的,适用的) is ...

  2) Such examples might be given easily.

  3) ...is often cited(引用,引证) as an example.

  六)证明

  1) No one can deny the fact that ...

  2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.

  3) Unfortunately, none of the available data(现有资料) shows ...

  4) Recent studies indicate that ...

  5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...

  七)开篇

  1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

  2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

  3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

  4) According to a recent survey, ...

  5) With the rapid development of ..., ...

  八)结尾

  1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

  2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...

  3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...

  4) In conclusion, it is imperative(紧急的,必要的) that ...

5) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...  

  6) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

  7) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

  九)陈述

  1)With the deepening of Chinese reform and opening up

2)When it comes to...,some people think /believe……that...,others argue /claim that opposite /reverse is true.当说到……,有些人认为……,但另一些人则持相反的观点……。

英语作文使用率最高的12个基本句式

1.表示原因

  1)Therearethreereasonsforthis.

  2)Thereasonsforthisareasfollows.

  3)Thereasonforthisisobvious.

  4)Thereasonforthisisthat... 

  5)Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat...

  例如:

  Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife.Firstly,people’slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved.Secondly,mostpeoplearewellpaid,andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike.Lastbutnotleast,moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife. 

  注:

如考生写第一个句子没有把握,可将其改写成两个句子。

如:

Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourlife.Therearethreereasonsforthis.这样写可以避免套用中的表达失误。

  2.表示好处

  1)Ithasthefollowingadvantages.

  2)Itdoesusalotofgood.

  3)Itbenefitsusquitealot.

  4)Itisofgreatbenefittous.

  例如:

  Booksarelikefriends.Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter,andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons.Therefore,readingextensively(广泛的)isofgreatbenefittous.

  3.表示坏处

  1)Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages.

  2)Itdoesusmuchharm.

  3)Itisharmfultous.

  例如:

  However,everythingdividesintotwo.Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous.Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision.

  4.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

  1)Itisimportant(necessary,difficult,convenient,possible)forsb.todosth.

  2)Wethinkitnecessarytodosth.

  3)Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife.

  例如:

  Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere,whetherinthegovernment,inschoolsorinbusiness.Soon,computerswillbefoundineveryhome,too.WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge.

  5.表示措施

  1)Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures.

  2)Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome(conquer)thedifficulties.

  3)Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted(faced)with.

  例如:

  Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.Therefore,wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit.

  6.表示变化

  1)Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears.

  2)Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworld’scommunications.

  3)Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation.

  例如:

  Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople’sdietinthepastfiveyears.Themajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek.Nowadays,moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein(蛋白质),andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins.

  7.表示事实、现状

  1)Wecannotignorethefactthat...

  2)Noonecandenythefactthat...

  3)Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin.

 

  例如:

  Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution.Tosolvetheseproblems,wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthedangerofpollution.Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment.

  8.表示比较

  1)ComparedwithA,B...

  2)IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV.

  3)Thereisastriking(显著的)contrast(对比)betweenthem.

  例如:

  Comparedwithcars,bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable.Firstly,theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum.Secondly,theydonotcausethepollutionproblem.Lastbutnotleast,theycontributetopeople’shealthbygivingthemdue(正当的)physicalexercise.

  9.表示数量

  1)Ithasincreased(decreased)from...to...

  2)Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased(decreased)to800,000.

  3)TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15%comparedwiththatofJanuary.

  例如:

  Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard,theproportionofpeople’sincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased.

 

  10.表示看法

  1)Peoplehave(take,adopt,assume)differentattitudestowardssth.

  2)Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem.

  3)Peopletakedifferentviewsof(on)thequestion.

  4)Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...

  例如:

  Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailure.Somebelievethatfailureleadstosuccess.

  Everyfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesinto(转化)agreaterchanceofsuccessattheirrenewedendeavor(努力).However,othersareeasilydiscouragedbyfailuresandputthemselvesintothecategory(种类)oflosers.

  再如:

  Do“luckynumbersreallybringgoodluck?

Differentpeoplehavedifferentviewsonit.

  注:

一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始,考生应掌握这一写作方法。

  11.表示结论

  1)Inshort,itcanbesaidthat...

  2)Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows.

  3)Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthat...

  例如:

  Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,wecancometotheconclusionthatexaminationisnecessary,however,itsmethodshouldbeimproved.

  注:

例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句;例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。

  12.套语

  1)It’swellknowntousthat...

  2)Asisknowntous,...

  3)Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout.

  4)Fromthegraph(图表)(table,chart)listedabove,itcanbeseenthat...

  5)Asaproverbsays,“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

  例如:

  Asiswellknowntous,itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampus.

  Thereasonforthisisobvious.N

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