李阳的论文Word文件下载.docx

李阳的论文Word文件下载.docx

《李阳的论文Word文件下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《李阳的论文Word文件下载.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

李阳

学号：

0412010428

指导教师：

周长军

2008年6月

Contents

Acknowledgements...............................................................................I

Abstract................................................................................................II

摘要.....................................................................................................III

1Introduction.......................................................................................1

2Blanche'

slifejourneyfromdesiretodementia..............................3

2.1Tenserelationshipwithpeoplearoundurgedhertomadness......4

2.1.1BlancheandStanley:

TwoPolarOpposite.............................4

2.1.2BlancheandStanley:

TwoSouthernGentlewomen...............7

2.1.3BlancheandMitch:

TwoLonelySouls..................................9

3.Abruisedsoul—thepersonalandautobiographicaltragedy...12

3.1Blanche’slife:

incompletionanddesperation...........................12

3.2Desire—themaindrivingforce.................................................14

4.Socialrealitythatforcedhertothebrokenworld......................16

4.1OldSouthvs.NewSouth..........................................................16

4.2TheinevitabilityofBlanche’sdementia....................................16

5.Conclusion......................................................................................17

References...........................................................................................20

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketothankallthosewhohavegivenmetheirgeneroushelps,commitmentandenthusiasm,whichhavebeenthemajordrivingforcetocompletethecurrentpaper.

Intheprocessofcompilingthispaper,IrefertomanyliteratureonBlanche’sjourneytodementia.Sothanktotheauthorsoftheseliteraturefromthebottomofmyheart.ThankstotheseexcellentauthorsandtheirwonderfulworksthatIcouldwritemypaperfluently.Theynotonlyprovidemetheessentialinformationandmaterials,butalsogivemegoodexamplesonhowtowriteapaper.

EspeciallyMr.Zhou,whotakeupanappointmentintheForeignDepartmentofHenanPolytechnicUniversity.Hegivesmemanyworthyadviceandsupervisesmetofinishthispaper.

Lastly,thanksshouldbegiventomyclassmatesandfriendswhospenttheirvaluabletimelisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmypromblesduringthedifficultcourseofthepaper,alsofortheirhelpduringmyfouryearsofstudyhere.

Abstract

TennesseeWilliamsisoneofthegreatestAmericanDramatists.HewontwoRockfellerPrizes,theGoldMedalforDramafromtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLettersandtheNationalInstituteofArtsandLetters,theMedalofHonorforLiteratureofArtsClub,andtwohonorarydoctorates.WilliamswashonoredbyPresidentCarteratKennedrCenterin1979.Williams’sgreatestachievementisAStreetcarNamedDesire（hereinafter,Streetcar）,whichpremieredattheEthelBarrymoreTheatreinNewYorkonDecember3,1947.ThewriterofthisthesistriestounderstandallkindsofreasonsthatleadBlanchetodementia.Here,thisthesisfocusesonthefollowingreasons:

tenserelationshipwithpeoplearound;

herlifeofincompletionanddesperation;

desire;

socialreality.BytheanalysisofBlanche'

sjourneyfromdesiretodementia,wecanseethattheinevitabilityandsymbolicalmeaningsofBlanche’sdestinationisdoomed.

Keywords:

TennesseeWilliams;

AStreetcarNamedDesire;

Blanche;

demenia

摘要

本文作者尝试从以下几个方面理解《欲望号街车》中布兰琪从欲望走向痴呆的过程，它们分别是：

布兰琪与其周围人们的紧张关系；

布兰琪绝望的生活;

不节制本能的欲望；

社会现实，尤其是新南方和旧南方的对立这一社会现实，被认为是布兰琪走向痴呆过程中最为主要的原因。

布兰琪不可避免并且富有象征意义的命运最终被验证。

关键词：

田纳西.威廉斯；

欲望号街车；

布兰琪；

欲望；

痴呆

1.Introduction

IfsuchplaywrightasEugeneO`Neill,SusanGlaspell,andThorntonWilderdominateAmericantheatreinthefirsthalfofthetwentiescentury,andArthurMiller,EdwardAlbee,SamShepard,andamongmanyothers,DavidMametthesecondhalf,TennesseeWilliamsanimatesthemiddleyearsofthecentury.HewontwoRockefellerPrizes,theGoldMedalforDramafromtheAmericanAcademyofArtsandLettersandtheNationalInstituteofArtsandLetters,theMedalofHonorforLiteraturefromtheNationalArtsClub,andtwohonordoctorates.WilliamswashonoredbyPresidentCenterin1979.

WhatmanyregardasWilliams’sgreatestachievementisAStreetcarNamedDesire（hereinafter,Streetcar）,whichpremieredattheEthelBarrymoreTheatreinNewYorkonDecember3,1947.Itranforanunprecedented855performancesandbecamethefirstplayevertowinallthreemajorawards,thePulitzerPrize,theNewYorkDramaCritic’sAward,andtheDonaldsonAward,andthiscatapultedWilliamstothefrontofAmericanDramatist.In1996,thethirty-two-centUnitedStatespostagestampwasissuedincommemorationofTennesseeWilliams,featuringaportraitofWilliamsinawhitelinensuitagainstatwilightskyand,inthebackground,astreetcar.ThechoiceofthestreetcarastheonlyelementinthedesignthatcanbespecificallytiedtooneofWilliams’splaystestifiestothecentralityAStreetcarNamedDesireinhisdramaticcanonaswellasintheAmericanculturalconsciousness.

Frombeginningtoendorhislongandillustriouscareer,TennesseeWilliamswroteabouttheextremesituationsofhumanlife,especiallyof“solitarymisfits”（Tischler,529）,entangledbytheissuersofalienation,lonelinessinsearchofpurpose,thaweddesire,insanity,depression,alcoholism,abuse,violence,tornfamiliesandhomophobia.AsWilliamsoncewrote：

Everyartisthasabasicpremisepervadinghiswholelife,andthatpremisecanprovidetheimpulsetoeverythinghecreates.Formethedominatingpremisehasbeentheneedforunderstandingandtendernessandfortitudeamongindividualstrappedbycircumstances.（Williams,“Person-to-Person”77）.

Onanotheroccasionhesaid：

“Ihaveonlyonemajorthemeformyworkwhichisthedestructiveimpactofsocietyonthesensitivenon-conformistindividual”.（Letter,1939,toAudreyWood）.WhatisinterestingtonoteisthatinWilliams’splaysthe“non-conformist”individualstrappedbycircumstances”areoftenwomen.AndBlanche,theprotagonistinAStreetcarNamedDesireisoneofthem.

IntheprefacetoStreetcar,WilliamsquotesthefifthstanzaofHartCrane’s1932poemTheBrokenTowerastheepigraphoftheplay:

AndsoitwasIwhoenteredthebrokenworld

Totracethevisionarycompanyofloveitsvoice

Aninstantinthewind（Iknownotwhitherhurled）

Butnotforlongtoholdeachdesperatechoice

Williamsandhisoutcastcharactersareinasensethebrokenpeopleinthebrokenworld.Blanche,aprimprostitute,isWilliams’sprototypicalheroinetrappedbytheharshpragmaticsofthemodernworld—abrokenonetoher—representedbyStanley,herantagonist.Blanche’scomplexityandherinnerdisharmony,togetherwithherconflictswithpeoplesuchasStanleywhodon’tunderstandher,givestheplayaparticulartensionthatislastingandthoughtprovoking.ThispapermainlyconcernsabouthowBlanchewentfromdesiretodementiatobetterunderstandthedeepconnotationsandprobeintothedeterminatefactorsforhertragedy.

Thestructureofthispaperisasfollows.ItbeginswithabriefreviewofBlanche’slifejourneywhichisfromdesiretodementia.Followingthat,thetenserelationshipsbetweenherandStanley,StellaandMitchareprovidedrespectively.ThepersonalandautobiographicaltragedyofBlanche,abruisedsoul,isanalyzedinChapter3.NextinChapter4,thesocialrealityisstudied,andthefocusisontheOldSouthandtheNewSouth,whichisconsideredasthemainfactorsforcingBlanchetodementia.Finally,theinevitabilityandsymbolicalmeaningsofBlanche’sdestinationisexamined.

2．Blanche’slifejourneyfromdesiretodementia

AStreetcarNamedDesireconcernsthejourneyofBlancheDubois,amiddle-agedSouthernspinster,whocomestostaywithhersisterStella,andherhusband,StanleyandendswithBlanchesenttotheinstitution.AstheplayhasasitsaxisBlanche’sjourneythatbeginswithherarrival,progresseswithherstayintheKowalski’sandconcludeswithherdeparture,theremaybethreesymbolsthatdefineherjourney:

Death,DesireandDementia,assuggestedbyherfirstlineinreferencetothestreetcarsthatbroughtherhere:

“TheytoldmetotakeastreetcarnamedDesire,andthentransfertoonecalledCemeteriesandridesixblocksandgetoffat—ElysianField!

”（I—15）

2.1Tenserelationshipwithpeoplearoundurgedhertomadness

2.1.1BlancheandStanley:

TwoPolarOpposite

“Heactslikeananimal,hasananimal’shabits!

...Something-ape-likeabouthim!

...Thousandsandthousandsofyearshavepassedhimrightby:

andhereheis—StanleyKowalski—survivoroftheStoneAge!

”（Williams,AStreetcarNamedDesire72）

------Blanche,IV-72

ThefirsttimeIlaideyesonhimIthoughttomyself,thatmanismyexecutioner!

Thatmanwilldestroyme…”

------Blanche,VI-93

“ButSisterBlancheisnolily!

Ha-ha!

Somelilysheis!

”

------Stanley,VII-99

“We’vehadthisdatewitheachotherfromthebeginning!

------Stanley,X-1

AStreetcarNamedDesireisaplayteemingwithconflicts,subtleorobvious,amongthecharacters.ThecenterandsouseoftheswirlingconflictsisBlanche’sDubois.TheplayisbuiltonthewholegomutiofherexperienceinNewOrleans,beginningwithherdeparture.HerStrifewithStanley,hersisterlyrelationshipwithStellaandhershort-livedromancewithMitchconstitutethemainmastoftheplay.Amidstthemuti-facetedconflictstheantagonismbetweenthetwopolaropposites,BlancheandStanley,comestothefore.