中考阅读理解专题训练.docx
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中考阅读理解专题训练
中考阅读理解专题训练
序言
解题技巧指导
1、阅读理解题的解题技巧
1.如果文长题少,则可以略读的方式先读一遍,而后带着问题去查阅,求得要找的答案。
2.如果文短题多,则应先仔细阅读该短文,再去做题。
遇到某个题答不上来时,可带着该问题去查阅有关细节。
3.如果问题要求解答数字、人名、地名、时间等,则可直接用查阅的方法来寻求答案,也可先略读而后查阅。
二、阅读理解的三种阅读策略
根据不同的阅读目的,同学们应采用不同的阅读策略,主要可使用的阅读策略有快读、跳读和细读。
1.快读
即快速浏览文章,其目的在于了解文章的大意。
快读时注意力要高度集中,阅读时可不必去记忆细节,遇到个别生词及难句,均大致扫过,以求对全文总体意思有个了解。
在快读时,还要特别注意文章的首句、首段以及结束句、结束段,因为它们往往是对文章内容的概括,读懂它们会有助于对文章大意的理解。
2.跳读
即根据问题信息有选择地阅读文章的某些段落或某些句子,其目的在于加强阅读的针对性、、节约阅渎时间和提高阅读效率。
跳读法尤其适合看了题目后带着问题阅读,即看了文章所设的题目后,带着问题跳读文章,以求找到答题依据。
3.细读
即认真仔细地阅读文章,目的在于弄清文章的各个细节,从而把握文章的细节内容、判断推测文章的言外之意或对文中的内容作出合乎逻辑的推理判断:
细读时若遇到生词,要根据上下文的意思进行猜测;遇到难句,要根据自己学过的语法知识进行分析。
同时,同学们要注意的是,在大多数情况下,需要细读的不一定是整篇文章,而是文中的部分句子或段落。
三、阅读理解题的解题步骤
1.通篇略读,了解大意
阅读理解的主旨是要求学生通过阅读,理解文章大意。
不管是短文、对话,还是图表,都要先快速地通读一遍,舍弃无关紧要的细节,全力捕捉全文的中心思想。
弄清大意,特别要注意事情的起因、时间、地点、涉及的人物、结局。
为便于快速查找,还可以边阅读边做一些标记。
在阅读过程中,目光要快速移动,千万不要停顿或复视,要对准关键词、句;同时要不断地对内容作出预测,使大脑的逻辑思维、推理判断贯穿于整个阅读的始终。
这样就可以大幅度地节省阅读时间,起到“会当凌绝顶,一览众山小”的效果,从而迅速而准确地抓住全文的大意。
2.细读全文,注重关键词句
针对题目中的问题细读材料,可以缩小阅读范围,迅速找到与问题有关的信息,细读与题目相关联的词、句、段。
在这一过程中,对有关细节可放慢速度,精读有关部分,一边阅读一边归纳,加快做题速度,求得一次性正确的答案。
同学们在逐句的阅读过程中,目光要瞄准短文中的实词,尤其是名词和动词。
同时抓住一些敏感的信息,如时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果以及某些词汇、词语等。
一般说来,这些问题会在文章中有交代说明,运用查阅法是不难找到线索的。
3.分析信息,确定答案
很多阅读理解题的答案一般都可直接在短文中找出,所以在阅读时最好先看清楚下面的题目,记住其中的关键词,然后再在阅读时在文章中寻找这些关键词,这样题目的答案也就容易得出了。
还有些题目的答案需要对文章中所给信息进行简单的比较、计算、分析或归纳后才能得出,这就要求同学们在做题时要认真、仔细,要抓住文章所给的全部信息,准确理解文章意思,不能出现漏读或误渎。
4.复读全文,检查答案这是最后一步,也是最重要的一步。
答完题后要核对一下文章和答案,看前后是否一致,意义与语法是否与原文一致,是否合乎逻辑,一旦发现问题,要及时纠正。
四、走出阅读误区
(一)、在做阅读理解题时应注意下面几个方面:
1.有时遇到看不懂的难句,读了几遍仍然不懂,可作记号,暂时放下,等其他题全做完了再回来处理。
千万别停在这里冥思苦想,个别生词不会,并不影响你答题。
如果生词和问题有关,可从上下文中猜出大意,所以不必惊慌,更不要放弃。
2.不要凭主观印象答题。
做题时一定要排除自身的生活经验和已有的知识干扰,按文章实际反映的情况来选择。
3.答题时不要草率,仓促定案。
在未完全读懂的情况下匆忙定案,往往会选错。
如果遇到尚未读懂的地方,可放慢速度,联系上下文帮助理解。
(二)、在阅读过程中应注意下面几个方面:
1.采用默读办法,避免唇读
一般来说,默读速度大约要比说话的速度快两倍,要提高阅读速度,就必须克服嘴巴蠕动的习惯,养成默读的习惯。
2.采用目视阅读,不要指读
同学们最常见的一种阅读毛病是在阅读时为了集中注意力,用手指、铅笔或尺子等指着,一个单词一个单词地读。
这样自然就减慢了阅读速度。
阅读时,注意力应集中在阅读内容上,而不是每个单词上。
3.集中注意力,克服回视的习惯
阅读时,遇到单词或句子没有看清楚或看不懂,再回过头来看,这是自然的。
但是,有时候即使没有生词和难句,因为不放心已读过的词句,还要回过头来重读,这就养成了回视的不良习惯。
阅读中要尽量避免回视,尽可能提高阅读速度。
4.意群阅读
有的同学阅读时喜欢以单词为单位,这样的阅读方式不但速度慢,而且也不利于对文章的全面理解。
正确的做法是:
以句子或意群为单位进行阅读,这样不仅可提高速度,而且有利于对文章的整体理解。
Unit1
A
Often,doctorstellsomepeopletogoondiets(节食).Thedoctorshopethedietswillmakethepeoplefeelbetter.Theyhopethedietswillmakethepeoplehealthy.MrsBrownwasonly28yearsold,butshewasonadiet.
MrsBrownwasveryfat.Shewasa168-kilogramheavywoman."Don'teatmeat,sweetsandcakes,"herdoctorsaidtoher."I'mgoingtostophereatingthem,doctor."herhusbandsaid.Thenextmorning,MrsBrownmadeadeliciousbigcake,andcutaverysmallpieceofthecakeandateit.Inafewminutes,shefinishedthecake."Myhusbandisgoingtobeveryangry,"shesaid."WhatamIgoingtodo?
"
Shemadeanothercakeveryquickly,atehalfofthat,andlefthalfonthetable.
Herhusbandcamebacklater.Hesawthehalfofthecakeonthetableandwasveryhappy.
1.ThedoctortoldMrsBrownnottoeatmeatandcakesbecause().
A.MrBrownlikedthem
B.meat,sweetsandcakeswouldmakeherfatter
C.MrBrowntoldhimtosayso
D.meat,sweetsandcakesarenotgoodfood
2.ThenextmorningMrsBrownmadeacakefor().
A.herhusbandB.herseff
C.herchildrenD.thedoctor
3.Whichistrue?
()
A.MrBrownatehalfofthecakeandlefttheotherhaftforhiswife.
B.MrsBrownatehalfacakethatmorning.
C.MrsBrownateonecakeandahalfthatmorning.
D.MrsBrowndidn'teatanycakesthatmorning.
4.MrsBrownmadeanothercakebecause().
A.shewasgoodatmakingcakes
B.herhusbandlovedcakes
C.shewantedtoeatsomemore
D.herhusbandwouldbeangryifheknewshehadeatenthecake
5.WhywasMrBrownveryhappywhenhesawthehalfofthecakeonthetable?
()
A.Becausehewashungry.
B.Becausecakeswerehisfavouritefoodandbeautiful.
C.Becausethecakewasdelicious.
D.Becausehethoughthiswifebegantostopeatingcakes.
B
Whenyoufeelsad,tearswillrolldownyourcheeks(脸颊).Whenyouarehappy,especiallywhenyoulaughveryhard,tearsalsowillrolldownyourface.Buttearshaveamoreimportantjobthanshowinghowyoufeel.
Tearskeepyoureyescleanandhealthy.Theywashedawaydirt(灰尘)andgerms(细菌)andotherthingsthatgetinyoureyes.Youreyesalsoneedtearstokeepthemwet.Youreyesmustbewetsothattheycanmovesmoothly(光滑地).Youreyesarebusylookinghereandtherealldaylong.Theymovequicklyfromonethingtoanother.Ifyoudidn'thavetears,youreyescouldn'tmove,andsoonyouwouldbeblind.
Butwheredothesetearscomefrom?
Undereacheyelid(眼睑)aretinysacs(液囊)calledtearglands.That'swheretearsaremade.Everytimeyoublinkyoureyes,sometearsarepushedoutoftheseglands.Thetearswashoveryoureyesandsoothe(滋润)them.
Whenyou'renotlaughingorcryingyourtearsaway,wheredotheygo?
Theygoawaythroughsmallholesinyourlowereyelid.Someoftheseholesleadintoyournose.Manytimeswhenyoucry,thetearsdrip(滴下)downthroughyournose--anditstartstoran.Thedropsthatfallfromyournoseareyourtears.
Maybeyoudon'tlikebaths,butyoureyescan'tdowithoutthem.
1.Thisstorytellsus().
A.whypeoplecrypeoplehavetearsB.whypeoplecrywhentheyarehappy
C.whatmakespeoplesadD.whypeoplecrywhentheyareunhappy
2.Tearshelpyouby().
A.fillingupyourtearglandsB.washingyourcheeksandnose
C.washingthingsfromyoureyesD.showinghowyoufeel
3.Youprobablygetextratearsinyoureyeswhen().
A.itisdarkandrainy.B.itisdustyandwindy
C.itishotanddamp(潮湿的)D.itiscold
4.Ifyoureyeswerenotwet,youcouldnot().
A.lookatthingsasquickly
B.seewithoutyourglasses
C.showpeoplewhatyouthink
D.laughorcry
5.Ifyoureyesneedtobesoothed,thefirstthingthatmusthappenis().
A.yournosemuststarttorun
B.youreyesmustblinktomaketears
C.yourtearsmustgointosmallholesinyourlowereyelid
D.youreyesmustopenwidely
C
MrTurnerlikedfishing.Itwashisfavouritesport.Heoftenfishedforhourswithoutcatchinganything.Butthisdidnotworryhim.Somefishmencouldn'tcatchfish.Sometimestheycaughtoldbootsorrubbish.MrTurnerwasevenworsethanthefishermen.Henevercaughtanything--notevenoldboots.Afterhespentwholemorningontheriver,healwayswenthomewithanemptybag.
"Youmustgiveupfishing!
"hisfriendssaid,"It'sawasteoftime."
"Buttheydon'trealizeoneimportantthing.I'mnotreallyinterestedinfishing.Iamonlyinterestedinsittinginaboatanddoingnothingatall.Itcanmakemeforgetthenoiseofthecityandlivequietlyforsometime."healwayssaidtohimself.
1.MrTurneralwayswentfishingbecause().
A.hecouldsellthefishandgetsomemoney
B.hethoughtitwasagoodsport
C.hecouldcookthefishforsupper
D.hecouldsitinaboat
2.MrTurnerlikedtofish().
A.bytheriverB.inaboatontheriver
C.intheriverD.withthefishermen
3..Healwayswenthomewithanemptybagbecause().
A.hecouldn'tfishatall
B.thereweren'tanyfishintheriver
C.hegavethefishtothefishermen
D.hedidn'tpayattentiontofishingatall
4.Hisfriendstoldhim()whentheyknewhecouldn'tcatchanything.
A.tolearnhowtofishB.tochangethewayoffishing
C.nottofishanymoreD.tobuyfishtoeat
5.FromthestoryweknowMrTurner().
A.livedinthecountryB.wasagoodfisherman
C.wasinterestedinfishingD.dislikedthenoiseofthecity
D
Happiness(幸福)isforeveryone.Youneedtocareabout(关心)thosepeoplewhohavebeautifulhouseswithlargegardersandswimmingpoolsorthosewhohavenicecarsandalotofmoneyandsoon.Why?
Becausethosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonelyandthosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.
Infact,happinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.Whenyouareintroubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou;whenyoustudyhardatyourlessons,yourparentsarealwaystakinggoodcareofyourlifeandyourhealth;whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulations(祝贺)toyou;whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit.Andwhenyoudosomethinggoodtoothers,youwillfeelhappytoo.Alltheseareyourhappiness.Ifyounoticethem,youcanseethathappinessisalwaysaroundyou.
Happinessisnotthesameasmoney.Itisafeelingofyourheart.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouarehappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallenge(挑战)yourself.Soyoucan'talwayssayyouarepoorandyouhavebadluck.Asthesayinggoes,lifeislikearevolving(旋转)door.Whenitcloses,italsoopens,Ifyoueverytakechancetoget,youcanbeahappyandluckyperson.
1.Happinessisfor().
A.thosewhohavelargeandbeautifulhouseB.thosewhohavecars
C.thosewhohavealotofmoneyD.allpeople
2.Whenyoudosomethingwrong,().
A.peoplearoundyouwillhelpyou
B.youwillhavenochancetochallengeyourself
C.yourclassmateswilllaughatyou
D.youwillbehappy
3.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?
()
A.Whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillbeveryproudofyou.
B.Youcangethelpfromotherswhenyoumakemistakes.
C.Youcanstillbeahappypersonevenifyouhavelittlemoney.
D.Alltheabove.
4.Whydowesay"Happinessisnotthesameasmoney"?
Because().
A.moneyalwaysb