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Butallthis—themysterious,far-reachinghairlinetrail,theabsenceofsunfromthesky,thetremendouscold,andthestrangenessandweirdnessofitall—madenoimpressionontheman.Hewasanewcomerinthelandandthiswashisfirstwinter.Thetroublewithhimwasthathewaswithoutimagination.Hewasquickandalertinthethingsoflife,butonlyinthethings,andnotinthesignificances.Fiftydegreesbelowzeromeanteighty-odddegreesoffrost.Suchfactimpressedhimasbeingcoldanduncomfortable,andthatwasall.Itdidnotleadhimtothinkaboutman'
sweaknessingeneral,ableonlytolivewithincertainnarrowlimitsofheatandcold.Fiftydegreesbelowzerostoodforabitoffrostthathurtandthatmustbeguardedagainstbytheuseofthick,warmclothing.Fiftydegreesbelowzerowastohimjustpreciselyfiftydegreesbelowzero.Thatthereshouldbeanythingmoretoitthanthatwasathoughtthatneverenteredhishead.
Asheturnedtogoon,hespatspeculatively.Therewasasharp,explosivecracklethatstartledhim.Hespatagain.Andagain,intheair,beforeitcouldfalltothesnow,thespittlecrackled.Heknewthatatfiftybelowspittlecrackledonthesnow,butthisspittlehadcrackledintheair.Undoubtedlyitwascolderthanfiftybelow—howmuchcolderhedidnotknow.Butthetemperaturedidnotmatter.HewasboundfortheoldmineontheleftforkofHendersonCreekwheretheboyswerealready.TheyhadcomeoverthehillfromtheIndianCreekcountry,whilehehadcometheroundaboutwaytotakealookatthepossibilitiesofgettingoutlogsinthespringfromtheislandsintheYukon.Hewouldbeintocampbysixo'
clock;
abitafterdark,itwastrue,buttheboyswouldbethere,afirewouldbegoing,andahotsupperwouldbeready.
Heplungedinamongthebigpinetrees.Thetrailwasfaint.Hewasgladhewaswithoutasled,travelinglight.Infact,hecarriednothingbutthelunchwrappedinthehandkerchief.Hewassurprised,however,atthecold.Itcertainlywascold,heconcluded,asherubbedhisnumbnoseandcheekboneswithhisglovedhand.
ComprehensionExercise
A.Selectthemostappropriateanswerforeachofthefollowingquestions.
1.Whenthestorybegan,_______.
A)itwasearlyinthemorningwhenanewdayhadjuststarted
B)itwasapproachingnoonbutthesunwasnotshinning
C)itwasturningdarkandgrayasnightwouldsoonfall
D)thesunwascoveredbyalayerofmistinthesky
2.TheYukontrail_______.
A)wasentirelycoveredbysnowandice
B)wasanarrowpathalongsidetheYukonRiver
C)was500milesawayinthesouth
D)wasapathleadingtotheChilcootPass
3.Welearnfromthepassagethatthemaninthestory_______
A)reactedtoeverythinginamatter-of-factway
B)likedtothinkaboutthemeaningoflife
C)wastroubledwiththestrangenessandweirdnessoftheplace
D)couldnotcopewiththeextremecoldsinceitwashisfirstwinterinthearea
4.Themanwasaloneinthisareabecause______.
A)hetookaroundaboutrouteinordertohaveabetterlookattheplace
B)theothernumbersofhisteamwantedtoreachtheirdestinationearlier
C)theothersdecidedtotakeanotherroutenearHendersonCreektoexploreanoldmine
D)hewantedtoexploretheareatoseeiflogsbetakenoutinthespring
5.Themaninthestory_______.
A)believedhecouldtravelmuchfasterwithoutasled
B)wasluckyinnottravelingonasledforthetrailwastoonarrowforasled
C)hadtotravelbyfootsincethepinetreesmadetravelingonasledverydifficult
D)tooknothingwithhimexceptsomefoodinordertotravellight
B.TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese
2.MemoriesofAfghanistan
(ReadingTime:
7minutes)
Afghanistan—acountryonthebrinkofahumanitariandisaster,alandfilledwithfleeingrefugees,starvingpeople,andturbanedterroristsintrainingcamps.TVpicturestellthestoryofacountryinruinandpoverty,acountrybroughtalmosttototaldestructionbytwentyyearsofwarandstruggle.Yetonce—thoughpoor—thiswasaproudnation,andabeautifulcountry,andonethathadsurvivedmanycenturiesofharshhistory.Nottoolongago,itwasacountryinpeace,andonewitharichculturalheritage...
ApartfromthenationsofEurope,therearefewcountriesintheworldthathaveneverbeenundercolonialrule—oratleastneverinrecenttimes:
Afghanistanwasoneofthem.Manycenturiesago,GenghisKhan'
stroopsrodedownfromMongolia,mercilesslykillingthemountaintribesmenofAfghanistanwhodaredtoresisttheinvader;
butapartfromthishumiliatingperiodintime,theAfghans—whoareinfactamixtureofthreeseparateethnicgroups—haveheldtheirheadshighinthefaceofinvasion.
Thecountrythatisnowatthecentreoftheworld'
sattentionwasonceoneoftheworld'
sproudestnations,andanationthatothercountriesinvadedattheirownrisk.Inthe19thcenturythearmiesoftheBritishEmpireknewthatAfghanistanwasnotacountrytointerferewith.
Ahundredandtwentyyearsago,in1881,BritishsoldierswerenonethelessstationedintheAfghancapital,Kabul.Theyweretherefortworeasons,firstlytohelpstoptheRussiansfrominvadingthecountry,andsecondlytoensuretheexistenceofanindependentbuffer-statebetweentheRussianEmpiretothenorth,andtheBritishEmpireinIndia(modernPakistan)tothesoutheast.
QueenVictoriawouldhavelikedtoaddAfghanistantoherempire,buthersoldiersneversucceededinthismission,thoughtheytried,andfailed.In1879,thewholeBritishMission(embassy)inKabul,includingservants,wasmassacredbyagroupofrebelAfghansoldiers,furiousbecausetheyhadnotbeenpaidbytheirownking,MohammedYacoub.YacoubwasfriendlytotheBritish,sotheBritishgottheblame.ThestoryoftheKabulMassacrewasrememberedforalongtimebytheBritishinIndia,andrecordedbyseveralVictorianwritersandpoets.
OtherbloodyeventsalsomarkedtherelationshipbetweentheBritishandtheAfghansinthe19thcentury.In1842,inthenotoriousbattleoftheKhyberPass,acompleteBritisharmywasmassacredbyAfghansastheyreturnedfromashortraidintothecountry.Justoneman,adoctor,managedtosurvivethemassacre,andmakehiswaybacktothesafetyofIndia,totellthestoryoftheterribleevent.
ThoughtheworldhaschangedalotsinceVictoriantimes,Afghanistanhaschangedlittle.Inmanyways,theTalibanhaveevenmovedthecountrybackintime,toadarkageofignorance,intoleranceandrepression;
butevenwithouttheTaliban,Afghanistanwouldstill,today,beoneoftheworld'
smostundevelopednations.Land-locked,asidefrommostmodernroutesofcommunication,andbrokenupbythemightyHinduKushmountainsandbyvastdeserts,Afghanistan,likethe"
tribalterritory"
ofnorthwestPakistan,hasremainedfiercelyindependentfromoutsideinterference,andstronglyattachedtoitstraditionalways.
Forthelasttwenty-fiveyears,theAfghanpeoplehavesufferedfromwaranddestruction:
theoverthrowofthemonarchy,thentheinvasionbytheSovietUnionin1978,thenthewaragainsttheSoviets,thenthestruggleforcontrolofthecountrybetweentheTalibanandthesupportersofGeneralMassoud,nowthemassivedepartureofapeopleonthevergeofstarvation,drivenfromtheirhomesasmuchbyfearoftheTalibanasbythethreatofmilitaryinvasion.
Yetinspiteofallthis,despitethedestructionofalargepartoftheircountry,theAfghanpeopleremainkindandhospitable.OlderAfghansrememberbacktoapast,whentheylivedinpeaceandrelativesecurity;
youngerAfghans,whohaveneverknownaneraofpeace,lookforwardtothedaywhenanewageofpeacewillcome.Hopefully,thatnewdawnwillnotbetoofaraway.
ComprehensionExercises
A.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.
______1.AfghanistanisoneofthefewcountriesoutsideofEuropethathaveneverundercolonialrule.
______2.IntheentirehistoryofAfghanistan,theonlyarmiesthateverconqueredtheAfghansweretheMongols.
______3.In1888,BritishsoldierswerestationedinAfghanistaninordertohelptheAfghansdriveawaytheRussianinvaders.
______4.TheBritishhadbeguntoshowinterestinAfghanistanasearlyas1809.
______5.TheentireBritishMissioninKabulwaskilledbyrebelAfghansoldiersbecausetheyhatedtheirkinganddecidedtokillhisBritishallies.
theunderlinedsentencesintoChinese
3.TheConquestofMt.JolmoLungma
Itwas11:
30a.m.Myfirstsensationwasoneofrelief—reliefthatthelongclimbwasover;
thatthesummithadbeenreachedbeforeouroxygensupplieshaddroppedtoacriticallevel;
andthereliefthatintheendthemountainhadbeenkindtousinhavingapleasantlyroundedconeforitssummitinsteadofafearsomeandunapproachablesteepcliff.Butmixedwiththereliefwasavaguesen