全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题及答案.docx

全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题及答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题及答案

2022全国硕士研究生考试英语二真题及答案

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassage.ForeachnumberedblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETl.（10points）

TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalpandemiconJune11,2022,inthefirstdesignationbytheWorldHealthOrganizationofaworldwidepandemicin41years.

TheheightenedalertcameafteranemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrisingnumbersinBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.

Butthepandemicis“moderate“inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization”sdirectorgeneral,withtheoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,oftenintheabsenceofanymedicaltreatment.

TheoutbreakcametoglobalnoticeinlateApril2022,whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeathsamonghealthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbegantocropupinNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.

IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofadeaswarmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2022,officialsreportedtherewassignificantfluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthesamplestestedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas（A）H1N1,notseasonalflu.@Zovthemanlookedpuzzledandhurt.“It”strue“heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn”tkeeptheconversationgoingwe”dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.“

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituationstheyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate”70s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook“DivorceTalk“thatmostofthewomensheinterviewed--butonlyafewofthemen--gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentthatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear--avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaningcookingsocialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:

“Hedoesn”tlistentome““Hedoesn”ttalktome.“IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisfacewhileawomanglaresatthebackofitwantingtotalk.

26.Whatismostwives”mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Shsringhousework.

27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”（Line3,Para.2）mostprobablymeans___.

Ageneratingmotivation.

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

Dcreatingpressure

28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublictanwomen

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples

Dafemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse

29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemianideaofthistext?

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak_upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwofehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocus

on______

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.

DabriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

Txet3

overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviors—habits—amongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.

“Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likehandwashingwithsoap,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecan’tfigureouthowtochangepeople’shabits,”Dr.Curtissaid.“Wewantedtolearnfromprivateindustryhowtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.”

ThecompaniesthatDr.Curtisturnedto—Procterthatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.

Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofstrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.

Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonllyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.

In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorv.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.

36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______

[A]bothlitcrateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries

[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers

[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice

[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic

37.Thepracticeofselectingso—calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____

[A]theinadcquavyofantidiscriminationlaws

[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces

[C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures

38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____

[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws

[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications

[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties

[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement

39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___

[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished

[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors

[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity

[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem

40.indiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______

[A]itsnatureandproblems

[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition

[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions

[D]itstraditionanddevelopment

SectionⅢTranslation

46.Directions:

InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.（15points）

“Suatainability”hasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice.

Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.He’dbeenthoughthedot-comboomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.

Itdidin’tgowell.“Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethat’snotmypassion,”saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.“Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemiddleofthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,‘Justwait,you’lltrunthecorner,giveitsometime.’”

翻译参考

“坚持不懈”如今已成一个流行词汇，但对TedNing而言，这个概念始终有个人含义，经受了一段苦痛松懈的个人生活，使他清晰面对以坚持不懈为导向的价值观，必需贯彻到每天的行动和选择中。

Ning回忆起20世纪90年月末期卖保险的那段迷茫时间，他通过蓬勃兴起的网络疯狂地找工作，并且与Boulder代理机构签了约。

事情进展并不顺当，TedNing说到：

“那真是个糟糕的选择，由于我对此没有激情，”可以