高考英语It的用法(专项总结及训练).doc
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It的用法（专项总结及训练）
一、人称代词
1，it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:
①Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.
2.，也可以指动物或婴儿（未知性别的婴儿或孩子）:
②Isthisyourdog？
No,itisn’t.
③Theygotababyanditwasaten-pounder
3.，也可指抽象事物或指抽象环境和情景:
③Ihateitwhenpeopletalkwithafullmouth.．
二、.非人称代词
1.it有时并不指具体的东西而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等：
⑴.指天气：
Itisalovelyday,isn’t it?
⑵.指时间:
Itwasnearlymidnightwhenshecameback.
⑶.指日期:
ItisAprilFirsttoday.
⑷.指距离:
Itissome3000kilometersfromBeijingtoGuangzhou.
⑸.指价值:
Itisthreedollars.
⑹.指温度:
Todayitis30degreescentigrade.
三、作形式主语，替代主语从句，动词不定式，或动名词短语：
1.作形式主语替代主语从句
⑴Itisclear（obvious，true，possible，certain....）that从句常译为＂┅清楚的（显然的，真的，可能的,肯定的．．．）＂
Itisveryclearthathe’sroundandtalllikeatree.
=That he’sroundandtalllikeatreeisveryclear.
⑵Itisimportant（necessary，right，strange，natural...）that从句常译为┅是重要的（必要的,对的,奇怪的,自然的┅）.that后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。
①Itisimportantthatwe（should）learnEnglishwell.
②Itisnecessarythathe（should）rememberthesewords.
⑶Itissaid（reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.....）that从句常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉．．．）＂。
①ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.
②Itisreportedthatanotherearthsatellitehasbeenputintoorbit.
⑷Itissuggested（advised/ordered/demanded/insisted/commanded...）that从句.that 后的从句要用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可以省；常译为＂据建议；有命令．．．）
①Itissuggestedthatthemeeting（should）beputoff.
②Itwasorderedthatwe（should）arrivethereintwohours.
⑸Itistime（abouttime，hightime）that从句（虚拟语气:
动词用过去时did）
Itistimethatchildrenwenttobed.
Itistimeyouboughtanewcar.
Itis（high）timeyoumadeupyourmind.
⑹Itisthefirst（second...）timethat从句（从句用现在完成时havedone）
Itwasthefirst（second...）timethat从句（从句用过去完成时haddone）
常译为＂是第一
（二）．．．次．．．＂。
ItisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere.=ThisisthefirsttimeIhavebeenhere
⑺Itisapity（ashame/anhonour/agoodthing/afact,/asurprise/...）that从句.
that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should+动词原形），should可省去．表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。
没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
①Itisapitythatsuchathing（should）happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
②Itisapitythatheisill.他生病了，真遗憾！
⑻Ithappens（seems，looks，appears）that从句.常译为“碰巧…,似乎是…,看起来…”
①Ithappened（sohappened）thathemethisteacherinthestreet.碰巧．．.
②Itseemsthathewillbebackinafewdays.看来．．．
2.作形式主语替代不定式
.⑴Itiskind（ofsb.）todosth.不定式的逻辑主语是由of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的褒义或贬义形容词。
常见的词有：
bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good（好心的），honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice（有教养的），polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong（错误的）等。
这个句型可以改写为：
sb.iskindtodosth.。
如:
Itiskindofyoutosayso.=Youarekindtosayso.
⑵Itisnecessary（forsb.）todosth..不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的中性形容词。
常见的形容词有：
important，necessary，naturaleasy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，rare，impossible，pleasant
如:
Itisimportantforhertocometotheparty.=Itisimportantthatshe（should）cometotheparty.
⑶Ittakessb....todosth.常译为＂做．．．要花费某人．．．＂。
如:
IttookthousandsofpeoplemanyyearstobuildtheGreatWall.
3.作形式主语替代动名词短语
Itisnogood/nouse/uselessdoingsth.常译为“┅有好处或没有用”
①ItisnogoodlearningEnglishwithoutspeakingEnglish.
②It'suselesstryingtoarguewithShylock.
五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，动名词短语或宾语从句。
Wethinkitimportanttolearnaforeignlanguage.
该句型中的it作形式宾语，该结构中常用的动词有：
think,believe,make,findconsider,feel；如:
Wethinkitourdutytocleanourclassroomeveryday.
HefeltitimportantlearningEnglishwell.
Theyfounditdifficultthattheywouldfinishtheirworkintwodays.
TheInternetmakesiteasierforcompaniestokeepintouchwithcustomers.
六、.it的重要句型
1.强调句型:
Itis/was +被强调部分+that从句（被强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用）
①Itwasabout600yearsagothatthefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
②Itwastheythat（who）cleanedtheclassroomyesterday.
③ItwasinthestreetthatImetherfather.
④ItwasyesterdaythatImetherinthestreet.
⑤Itisyouthat/whoarewrong.
特例:
Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that...该句型也是强调句型。
主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语＂直到．．．才．．．＂，可以说是not...until...的强调形式。
ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.
=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.
=Ididn’trealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.
Choosethebestanswer
1.It took us over an hour _______ along the street.
A.walk B.to walk C.walking D.walked
2.I think it a great honour _______to visit your country.
A.to invite B.invitingC.having invited D.to be invited
3.Many people now make _______a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.
A.themselves B.it C.that D.this
4. _______is very clear to everyone that he's round and tall like a tree.
A.This B.What C.That D.It
5.In the United States, bus travel doesn't cost much as train travel, _______?
A.don't they B.does itC.do they D.doesn't it
6.Someone is at the door, who is _______?
A.this B.that C.it D.he
7.—It is raining cats and dogs.
— _______ .
A.So it is B.So is itC.Neither it is D.Neither is it
8.—My home is in that tall building over there.
—_______ ?
A.Can it see B.Can see itC.Can be seen it D.Can it be seen
9. _______ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.
A.It is B.It was C.It has been D.It had been
10.—Has the boy got his bicycle now?
—Yes, the police gave _______.
A.him to him B.it to it
C.it to him D.him to it
11.It's no use _____ over spilt milk.
A.cry B.crying C.that you cry D.for you to cry
12.It is important _______ their offer.
A.reject B.rejects C.to reject D.rejecting
13.Has _______been decided when we are to hold the sports-meeting?
A.that B.this C.it D.what
14.—Did Li Lei call me while I was out?
—Yes, it was _______ that called you.
A.him B.he C.who D.whom
15.Nothing is wrong with the radio _______?
A.isn't it B.is that C.is it D.isn't that
16.I don't know _______makes her afraid of having her business discussed.
A.what it is about Mary thatB.that is it abut Mary what
C.what is it about Mary thatD.that is about Mary what
17..It was withgreat joy _______he received the news that his long lost son would return home
A.as B.that C.so D.for
18.I don't think _____difficult for a Chinese student to master a foreign language within five years
A.that B.it C.too D.very
19.It's the second time you _______late this week.
A.arrive B.arrived C.have arrived D.had arrived
20.It will not be _______we meet again.
A.long before B.before longC.soon after D.shortly after
21.It's demanded that we _______there on foot.
A.not to go B.don't go C.not go D.won't go
22.“It” is often used to _______a baby.
A.mean to B.stick to C.point to D.refer to
23.It was not until 1936 _______ basketball became a regular part of the Olympic Games.
A.that B.when C.which D.then
24. _______you met the Englishman?
A.Where it was that B.Who it was thatC.Where was it that D.Where was that
25._______that she has gone to the United States?
A.Was it true B.Is it trueC.It is true D.It was true
26. _______certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
A.That's B.This is C.It's D.What's
27. _______in 1914 _______the First World War broke out?
A.Was that, that B.Was that, when
C.Was it. that D.Was it, when
28.It is important that she _______with Mr Williams immediately.
A.speak B.spoke C.will speak D.to speak
29._______that there′s another good harvest this year.
A.It says B.It is said D.It was said D.He was said
30.Itis the first time _______the play.
A.I've watched B.I'll watch C.I watch D.I would watch
参考答案
B1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B15C 16.A 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A
21.C 22.D 23.A 24.C 25.B 26.C 27.C 28.A29.B 30.A
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