英语句子成分划分的基本概述附配套练习和答案解析Word文档格式.docx
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like
the
picture
on
wall.
usually
go
to
school
by
bus.
Did
twins
have
porridge
for
their
breakfast?
Tom
didn'
do
his
homework
yesterday.
What
want
tell
you
is
this.
We
had
better
send
a
doctor.
He
interested
in
music.
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
表语：
系动词后面的成分
名词作表语Iamastudent.Myfatherisateacher.
形容词作表语This
table
long.Youlookyoung.It
gets
cold.It
sounds
interesting.
副词作表语Everyoneishere.
介词短语作表语Theyareinthepark.
不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.
动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.
从句作表语（表语从句）Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
系动词：
（1）状态:
be动词
（2）持续：
表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.
（3）表像：
表示“看起来好像”,主要有seem,appear,look
（4）感官：
表示“……起来”,有feel（摸起来,感觉）,smell（闻起来）,sound（听起来）,taste（尝起来,吃起来）等
（5）变化：
表示主语变成什么样,主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run
（6）终止：
主要有prove,turnout（结果是,证明是）等.如：
Hisstoryprovedfalse.他讲的情况原来是假的.
Myintuitionturnedouttobecorrect.我的直觉证明是对的.
划出句中表语
Thespeechisexciting.
Theyseemtoknowthetruth.
Timeisprecious.
I’mtiredtoday.
Thatremainsapuzzle.
Idon’tfeelsad.
That’swhyhecamehere.
宾语：
动作承受者
名/代词作宾语Heneverforgivesothers.Heoftenhelpsme.
不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.
动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.
从句做宾语（宾语从句）Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.
WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.（it形式宾语，todo是真正宾语）
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.
Pleasepassmethebook.（me是间接宾语，thebook是直接宾语）
划出句中宾语
Showyourpassport,please.
Shedidn'
tsayanything.
Howmanydoyouwant?
-Iwanttwo.
Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.
Theyaskedtoseemypassport.
Ienjoyworkingwithyou.
Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
Isucceededinpassingtheexam.
宾语补足语：
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整，否则就不完整。
宾补主要用来说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足。
Ifoundthebookinteresting.
Imakemystudentsintertestedinmyclass.
Sheaskedmetolendherahand.
Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.
Wefoundhimintroublenow.
WefounditnecessarytostudyEnglish.（it形式宾语，todo是真正宾语necessary是宾补）
划出句中宾补
She
likes
children
read
newspapers
and
books
reading-room.
asks
her
take
boy
out
of
school.
find
it
difficult
work.
They
call
me
Lily
sometimes.
saw
Mr.
Wang
get
bus.
注：
直接宾语和宾补的区分：
前面宾语和宾补有主谓逻辑关系，而间接宾语和直接宾语没有主谓逻辑关系，例如
1.Wemadehimmonitorinourclass.我们选他做我们班的班长。
（宾语him与monitor是主谓关系Heismonitor他是班长，所以这里monitor是宾补）
2.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.他买给他女朋友一些花。
（宾语hisgirlfriend与someflowers没有逻辑关系，不能说“他女朋友是花”所以someflowers是直接宾语）
定语：
用来修饰名词或代词的成分
形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine.
代词作定语What’syourname?
名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.
介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.
不定式作短语Ihavelotsofhomeworktodo
从句作定语（定语从句）ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.
划出句中定语
Heisacleverboy.
Thereare54studentsinourclass.
DoyouknowBetty’ssister?
.
Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.
Hisspokenlanguageisgood.
Thegirlinredishissister.
Wehavealotofworktodo.
Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.
Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?
同位语：
当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个成分用来说明或解释另一个成分。
下面例句中黑体和横线部分互为同位语。
其中前项与后项所指内容相同,句法功能（即在句中作主谓宾等成分）也相同，并常常紧挨在一起。
Wehavetwochildren,aboyandagirl.我们有两个孩子,一男一女。
（都在句中作宾语）
Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.我们年轻人应该尊敬老人。
（都在句中作主语）
Theyallwantedtoseehim.他们都想见他.
Let’syouandmegotowork,Oliver.咱们俩去工作吧.
Areyoutwoready?
你们俩准备好了吗?
Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.
明天放假的消息不确.
（都在句中作主语）（同位语从句）
找出句中互为同位语的成分，并指出它们在句中的句法功能
Mrs.Brown,John'
smotherisakindlady.
Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.
Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfatherisdead.
状语:
按用途可分为时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等
（1）.时间状语
Shallwedotheshoppingtoday?
（2）.地点状语
Thereareplentyoffishinthesea.
（3）.原因状语
IeatpotatoesbecauseIlikethem.
（4）.结果状语
ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshesaid.
（5）.目的状语
Inordertogetintoagoodschool,Imuststudyevenharder.
（6）.条件状语
Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?
（7）.让步状语
Hehelpedmealthoughhedidn’tknowme.
（8）.程度状语
Thelectureisveryinteresting.
（9）.伴随状语
Mytrainstartsatsix,arrivingatChicagoat10.
划出句中状语
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff
句子成分划分课后巩固练习题
1.
The
students
got
2.
handed
newspaper.
3.
shall
answer
your
question
after
class.
4.
His
job
train
swimmers.
5.
took
many
photos
Beijing.
6.
wish
become
scientist.
7.
Hetoldmethathisbrotherisaworld-famousdoctor.
8.
found
important
master
English.
9.
sat
there,
reading
10.
apples
tasted
sweet.
11.
My
grandfather
bought
pair
sports
shoes.
12.I
love
you．
13.
Trees
turn
green
when
spring
comes.
14.
Grandma
told
an
interesting
story
last
night.
15.
cleaning
desk
now.
16.
Her
garden
best
our
town
17.
heard
singing
song.
18.
this
book
very
much.
19.
girl
blue
bike
Jane’s
sister.
20.
didn’t
come
my
party
because
she
was
ill.
21.
Ping
does
carefully.
22.
will
Children’s
Palace
once
week.
23.
are
classroom.
24.
enjoy
listening
25.
see
dance.
26.
always
early.
27.I
happy
28.The
parents
car
29.He
play
basketball.
30.YesterdayItalkedtomyEnglishteacher,Mr.James.
随堂练习参考答案：
HecanspeakEnglishwell.
宾补：
定语
：
smotherisakindlady.（主语）
Wordcamethatherhusbandwaskilledinanaccident.（主语）
Iamsorrytohearthenewsthathisgrandfatherisdead.（宾语）
状语：
Therewasabigsmileonherface.
Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
课后练习参考答案：
1.主谓定宾
2.主谓间宾直宾
3.主谓定宾时状
4.定主系表（系动词+表语=谓语）
5.主谓宾地状
6.定主系表
7.主谓间宾直宾（宾语从句）
8.主谓形式宾语宾补真正的宾语
（TomasterEnglishisimportant“掌握英语很重要”有逻辑关系，所以是宾补）
9.主谓地状伴随状语
10.主系表
11.定主谓间宾直宾
12.主谓宾
13.主系表时间状语（从句）
14.主谓间宾定直宾时状
15.主谓宾时状
16.定主系表地状
17.主谓宾宾补（Shewassingingasong.“她在唱歌”有逻辑关系）
18.主谓宾状
19.主定系定表
20.主谓宾原因状语（从句）
21.主谓宾状
22.主谓定宾时状
23.主系表
24.主谓宾
25.主谓宾宾补（Sheisdancing.“她在跳舞”有逻辑关系）
26.主状谓宾时状
27.主状谓宾宾补（Sheishappy.“她很高兴”有逻辑关系）
28.主谓定间宾直宾
29.主谓宾
30.时状主谓定定宾同
31.
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