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非谓语动词14ok8
课题序号
非谓语动词1
授课班级
授课课时
2
授课形式
授课章节
名称
非谓语动词1
使用教具
教学目的
I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照
2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份
3.非谓语动词的用法区别
教学重点
非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.
动词的用法
教学难点
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
更新、补
充、删节
内容
课外作业
补充作业
教学后记
非谓语动词是英语语法中的又一重点难点。
越是难点,越是要从简单的知识点出发,引导学生从易而难,去理顺弄懂难点。
Step1Step1Greetings
Step2Reviewtheoldlessons
Step3Presentation
I.非谓语动词时态、语态形式对照表:
及物与不及物
语态
类别时态
vt.
vi.
主动语态
被动语态
主动语态
ing
一般式:
(与谓语动词同时发生)
making
beingmade
going
完成式:
(先与谓语动词之前发生)
havingmade
(不作定语)
havingbeenmade
(不作定语)
havinggone
(不作定语)
ed
只有一般式:
(不强调时间先后,只说明原因、条件等)
×
made(表被动)
gone(表完成)
inf
一般式:
(与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生)
tomake
tobemade
togo
完成式:
(先与谓语动词之前发生)
tohavemade
tohavebeenmade
tohavegone
进行式:
(在谓语动词动作发生时正在进行)
tobemaking
×
tobegoing
2.非谓语动词在句中可作的语法成份
成份
类别
主
语
宾语
表语
定语
宾补
状语
时间
条件
原因
目的
结果
方式
让步
伴
随
不定式
×
×
×
现在分词
×
×
×
×
过去分词
×
×
×
×
动名词
×
×
3.非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.
1.Toseeyouisglad.(作主语)=It’sgladtoseeyou.
2.Iwanttoseeyou.(作宾语)
3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.(作宾补)
4.Myhopeistoseeyou.(作表语)
5.Heisthemantoseeyou.(作定语)
6.I’mgladtoseeyou.(作原因状语)
7.Iwenttoseeyou.(作目的状语)
8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou(作结果状语)
9.Swimmingishisfavouritesport.(作主语)
10.Heenjoysswimming.(作宾语)
11.Ifoundhimswimmingintheriver.(作宾补)
12.Hisfavouritesportisswimming.(作表语)
13.Heisthemanswimmingintheriverjustnow.(作定语)
14.SwimminginSummer,wecangetcool.(作状语)
15.Thiscupisbroken.(作表语)
16.Thisisabrokencup.(作表语)
17.Ifoundthecupbroken.(作宾语补足语)
18.BrokenbyTom,thecupcan’tbeused.(作状语)
★过去分词一般不作主语、宾语.
分词的用法比较
A.在时态上
1.Chinaisadevelopingcountry
=acountrywhichisdeveloping.
2.Japanisadevelopedcountry
=acountrywhichhasdeveloped.
3.Ifoundhimgone.
=thathehadgone.(表完成)
▲B.在语态上,ing分词表“主动”,ed分词表“被动”(多为及物动词)
1.Isawhimwritingashortnovel.
=thathewaswritingashortnovel.
2.HewasreadinganovelwrittenbyCharlesDickens.
=whichwaswrittenbyCharlesDichens.
▲在概念上,ing.表“抽象、习惯”,不定式表“具体、偶然、将来”.
*Swimming(抽象)ismyfavouritesportandIlikeswimming(习惯)everyday,butIdon’tliketoswim(具体)today,Iwouldliketoswim(将来)tomorrow.
▲C.分词的完成式一般不用来作定语,只能用作状语.
Theplatformhavingbeenbuiltwillbeusedto
performon.×
1.Theplatformbuiltwillbeusedtoperformon.√
Theplatformwhichhasbeenbuiltwillbeused
toperformon.√
2.Havinggivenheropinionaboutthebuilding,
sheleftthemeeting.
Havingbeenusedforalongtime,thecomputer
needsrepairing.
D.▲ed+主句(不强调时间先后);Beinged+主句(强调主句和从句动作同时发生);Havingbeened+主句(强调时间先后)如不强调时间先后可用ed,一般式来代替.
1.UsedasameansoftrafficinChina,thebikeisveryuseful.
WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread
2.Beingusedbymenow,thebikecan’tbelenttoyou.
3.Havingbeenusedformanyyears,thebikeneedsrepairing.
4.Havingbeentoldseveraltimes,hecouldn’tunderstandwhatImeant.
可以写成=Toldseveraltimes
4.非谓语动词的用法区别
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别:
⑴.下列动词常用不定式作宾语:
aim,ask,dare,appear,arrange,demand,help,hesitate,pay,plan,wait,fail,seek,prepare,happen,mean,prove,expect,wish,hope,decide,refuse,offer,learn,agree,choose,promise,pretend,manage,care,determine,afford等。
如:
Heofferedtohelpus.
Ididn'texpecttofindyouhere.
Theyrefusedtoaccepthisinvitation.
Thelittleboypretendedtobeasleepwhenhismothercamein.
(2)下列动词通常用~ing形式作宾语:
admit,report,appreciate,deny,explain,mention,resist,stand,stop,imagine,recall,suggest,mind,finish,enjoy,keep,practise,miss,avoid,delay,excuse,escape,consider,advise等。
如:
1)Wouldyoumindmysmokinghere?
2)Thegirlwastoldtopractiseplayingthepianoforthreehourseveryday.
3)Goodnewskeepscoming.
Tinasuggestedspendingtheweekendonherfarm.
(3)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义相近
like,love,hate,dislike,begin,start,prefer,continue,intend,attempt等.
e.g:
Iprefermaking(tomake)anoutlinebeforeIdomyoralcomposition.
Wealllikeplaying(toplay)tabletennis.
但也有细微区别:
*指具体某次的行为常用不定式,指惯常的行为常用~ing形式.
如:
Ilikereadingbooksofthiskind.(惯常行为)
Ihatetosayso,butreallyIcan'tgowithyou.(具体某次行为)
Iprefertostayathometoday.(具体某次行为)
Hepreferswalkingtocycling.(惯常行为)
*一般说来不能用于进行时的动词如:
realize,know,understand,see,lose等,多用不定式
如:
IbegantorealizeIhadbeenwrong.
Wehatetolosethechance.
Nowwearebeginningtoseeitmoreclearly.
(4)下列动词接不定式与接~ing形式意义不同:
①stoptodo停下(正在做的事)去做另一件事/stopdoing停下正在做的事
e.g.:
Seeinganoldmancarryingabigbag,Istoppedtohelphim.
Hearingthebell,thestudentsstoppedplayingandranintotheclassroom.
②forgettodo忘记做某事(此事未做)/forgetdoing忘记曾做过某事(此事已做)
Heforgottoposttheletterwhenhewalkedpastthepostoffice.
I'llneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime
③remembertodo记得要做某事(此事未做)/rememberdoing记得某事已做过(此事已做)
e.g.:
Irememberseeingheroncesomewhere.
Youmustremembertotakeyourumbrellawhenyouleavehome.
④goontodo继续做另一件事goondoing接着做同一件事
e.g.:
Shestoodupandshookhandswithme,andthenshewentonwritingsomething.
AfterIfinishedmyhomework,1wentontoreadthenovel.
⑤trytodo企图/想做某事trydoing试着做某事(看看有什么后果发生)
e.g.:
Wetriedtopersuadehimtogowithus,buthewouldn’tlisten.
Let'strydoingtheworksomeotherway.
⑥meantodo(意思是)打算做某事meandoing意味着做某事
e.g.:
Revolutionmeanslibratingtheproductiveforce.
Sorry,Ididn'tmeantohurtyou.
⑦regrettodo遗憾地做某事(通常后接say,tell等动词)/regretdoing后悔做了某事
e.g.:
Iregrettotellthatyoudidn’tpasstheexamagain.
Heregrettedhavingtoldherthebadnews.
(5)动词如:
(permit,allow,admit,forbid,imagine,consider)advisesbtodosth\advisedoingsth
①advisesbtodosth
e.g.:
Thedoctoradvisedmenottogotobedtoolate.
Pleasepermitmetointroducemyselftoyoufirst.
Yousurelycan'tconsiderhimtobeaselfishman.
Myparentsforbidmetostayoutaftermid-night.
Iallowedthechildrentoplayinmyroomforanotherfiveminutes.
注意:
*在imagine/consider后通常用“tobe…”作宾语补足语。
tobe有时可省略。
e.g.:
You'dbetterimagineyourself(tobe)inhisplace.
Thesituationwasconsidered(tobe)prettygood.
*在consider后,作宾补不定式主要是tobe,行为动词todo则多用tohavedone形式。
如:
Weallconsideredhimtohavetoldalie.
advise/permit/allow/admit/forbid/imagine/considerdoingsth.
e.g.:
Thelittleboyadmittedhavingbrokentheglass.
Theyshouldn'tallowparkinginthestreet;it'stoonarrow.
Canyouimaginemybeingsostupid?
Iforbidsmokinginmyhouse.
Wedonotpermitsmokingintheoffice.
step4sum-up
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.
动词的用法
Step5Homework
巩固练习⑴
用所给动词的todo或~doing形式填空:
1)LittleTomregretted____(waste)somuchtimeplayingcomputergames.
2)Theywereexpecting____(get)theresultsoftheexamination.
3)Willyouadvisemewhichofthem____(buy)?
4)Onthebustheyoungmanpretended____(notsee)theoldwomanstandingbesidehim.
5)WeallconsiderJohn_____(be)anhonestboy.
6)Ourbossforbids_____(chat)duringofficehours.
7)Therulesdonotpermitplayers____(step)outofbounds.
8)Theboybeggedtopermithim____(explain).
9)Theyoungmanimagined_____(live)onalonelyisland.
10)Itwasuselesstoforbidchildren____(play)here.
11)Whyhavetheydelayed_____(open)thenewschool?
12)Sheenjoys______(practise)_______(dance)beforethelargemirror.
13)Bytakingthebackway,heescaped______(see).
14)I’dprefer______(stay)herewaitingforhisarrival.
15)Asthemeetingwasbeginning,weallstopped____(talk).
16)ThiskindofcarisnicebutIcan’tafford____(buy)one.
17)I’msorryIforgot____(tell)youaboutthemeeting.
18)Shetried____(comfort)mebysayingsomefunnythings
19)Goingonwaitingheremeans____(waste)ourtime.
20)Theywenton____(work)inthefieldsinspiteoftheheavyrain.
课题序号
非谓语动词2
授课班级
授课课时
2
授课形式
授课章节
名称
非谓语动词2
使用教具
教学目的
I、非谓语动词----现在分词用作表语
2、非谓语动词—动名词用作表语
3、现在分词和动名词作表语的区别
4、不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别
5、不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语有时在时态上有区别
教学重点
现在分词和动名词作表语的区别、不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别
教学难点
现在分词和动名词作表语与现在进行时的区别、分词和过去分词作表语在意义上的区别、现在分词和动名词作定语的区别
更新、补
充、删节
内容
课外作业
补充作业
教学后记
详细地分项讲解非谓语动词的三种形式。
Step1Step1Greetings
Step2Reviewtheoldlessons
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别
动词的用法
Step3Presentation
1、现在分词和动名词作表语的区别:
(1)现在分词用来说明主语的性质,可用very来修饰。
如:
Thenewsissurprising.(surprising用来说明Thenews的性质.可以说verysurprising.)
Hiswordswereencouraging.(encouraging用来说明Hiswords的性质.可以说veryencouraging.)
*动名词和主语说的是同一件事,不可用very来修饰。
如:
MyjobisteachingEnglish.(Myjob=teachingEnglish,不可说veryteachingEnglish.)
Teachingisalsolearning.(Teaching=learning,不可说verylearning.)
(2)注意现在分词和动名词作表语与现在进行时的区别。
如:
Hisviewisveryalarming(现在分词作表语表示主语的性质)
Whathelikestodoisstayingathomealoneandreading.(动名词作表语表示的是某一件事情)
HeiswatchingthefootballgameonTV.(现在进行时表示某动作在进行)
*过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。
如:
Mybikeisbroken.(broken形容词作表语,表示“状态”)。
MybikewasbrokenbyJim.(动词过去分词构成被动语态,表示“动作”)
(3)还要注意现在分词和过去分词作表语在意义上的区别。
*过去分词作表语表示人的感觉,主语通常是人。
现在分词作表语表示事物本身的特点,主语通常是事物。
如:
I'minterestedinEnglish.(我的感觉,觉得有趣.Thefilmisinteresting.(电影本身的特点是使人有趣.)
类似情况还有:
surprising~surprised,exciting~excited,tiring~tired,disappointing~disappointed,encouraging~encouraged,
interesting~interested,amazed~amazing,bored~boring,pleasing~pleased,astonishing~astonished.
2、不定式、分词和动名词作定语的区别
(1)动词不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词后面。
如:
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
Thepoorchildrenhadlittletoeat.
它和被修饰的名词有时有动宾关系。
如:
Thereissomebooksforyoutoread.(可看成:
toreadsomebooks)
I'dliketogetsomethin