高考英语二轮最新冲刺专题训练阅读理解14.docx

高考英语二轮最新冲刺专题训练阅读理解14.docx

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高考英语二轮最新冲刺专题训练阅读理解14

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Taxi,theunderground,driving…inLondonthesemeansoftransportareexpensive.Asastudentonabudget,Icouldn'taffordthe30pounds（around300yuan）fareforataxi.Evenabuswasonepoundand20pence（about12yuan）forasingleticket.Ididn'tneedtotravelthiswayanyway.IhadMabel--myLondonbike.

WhenImovedtoBeijing,likeeveryforeigner,IwasdelightedtodiscoverIcouldtakeacabforcheaperthanasinglejourneyonthesubway.Butsomethingwaswrong.ImissedMabel.ThatwaswhenImetMandarinMabelalsoknownasMandy,myBeijingbike.

Inmanyways,Beijingismadefor:

Itisaflat,easylandcomparedwithhillyLondon.Thecyclingcity'snorth/south/east/westsquarestructureisalsoeasiertotravelthanLondon'sunplanned,twistingstreets.

However,Beijingcomescompletelywithitsowndangers.Therulesoftheroadare

flexible.Bikes,cars,passers-byallfloatupanddownwaysinbothdirections.

ComparedwithLondon'sterriblecyclepaths,inBeijing,everyroadhashuge,widecycleways.Butcars,taxisandmotorbikesseenoreasonwhytheyshouldn'tusethecyclewaysasashortcut,andwhytheyshouldn'tannounceyoutogetoutoftheirwaywhentheydo.

Beijingtrafficismoregood-natured.InLondon,theroadisanactivewar.Peopleshout,quarrelandbeatoneachother'swindows.InBeijingzone,driversnevergetactivelyangry.Infact,oftentheyignorecyclists.Obviouslythatmeansit'suptothecycliststoseethem.

MandyisatreeBeijingbike.Itisnearlybroken,itmakesloudnoiseseverytimeyourideonit,andIhavehadtomakeseveralemergencyrepairstopsforit.

ButcyclingroundBeijingonasunnydayisajoy.Itisjustme,Mandyandthecity.

41.Whatcanweconcludefromthefirstparagraph?

A.BicyclesarethemostpopularmeansoftransportinLondon.

B.Tosavemoney,theauthorusedtravelaroundbybusinLondon.

C.Theexpenseofpublictransportmakessomepeoplewanttobuyabike.

D.Theauthordidn'ttravelaroundLondonbecauseoflackingabike.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

根据Taxi,theunderground,driving…inLondonthesemeansoftransportareexpensive.乘坐其他的公共交通费用是高的，所以一些人想要买自行车，故选C。

42.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofcyclingaroundBeijing?

A.Thecity'stwistingstreetsmakeithardfortheridertofindtheway.

B.Cars,taxisandmotorbikesonthecyclelaneposeathreattocyclists.

C.Withtheflatlandandwidecyclelanes,it'ssafertocycleinBeijingthaninLondon.

D.CyclinginBejingissafebecauseofitsflexiblerules.

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。

根据However,Beijingcomescompletelywithitsowndangers.Butcars,taxisandmotorbikesseenoreasonwhytheyshouldn'tusethecyclewaysasashortcut汽车、出租车和摩托车占用自行车的车道对骑自行车的人造成了危险，故选B。

43.Whatcanweinferfromthearticle?

A.Intheauthor'sview,Beijingdriversdrivemoresafely.

B.InLondon,cars,taxisandmotorbikesareallowedtousethecyclepaths.

C.PeopleinLondonfollowthetrafficrulesmorecloselythanthoseinBeijing.

D.MandybreaksdownsoeasilythatitmakestheauthormissherLondonbikeMabel.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

根据InLondon,theroadisanactivewar.Peopleshout,quarrelandbeatoneachother'swindows.InBeijingzone,driversnevergetactivelyangry.Infact,oftentheyignorecyclists.Obviouslythatmeansit'suptothecycliststoseethem.可推出在伦敦的人比北京人更加遵守交通规则，故选C。

44.ThereasonwhydriversinBeijingseldomgetangryisthat______.

A.thecyclewaysarefiat

B.theycarelittleaboutcyclists

C.theycanevendriveonthecycleways

D.peopleinBeijingdon'toftenridebikes

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。

根据Infact,oftentheyignorecyclists.因为开车的人很少关心骑自行车的人，故选B。

45.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?

A.Totelluswhatmakestheauthorlovecycling.

B.TocomparecyclinginBeijingwiththatinLondon.

C.TointroducethedifferencesbetweenMabelandMandy.

D.ToexplainwhyBeijingismadeforcycling.

【答案】B

【解析】主旨大意题。

纵观短文的内容可知对于在北京与在伦敦骑自行车的情况作了比较，故选B。

PassageEleven（TheAffectofElectricityonCancer）

 Canelectricitycausecancer?

Inasocietythatliterallyrunsonelectricpower,theveryideaseemspreposterous.Butformorethanadecade,agrowingbandofscientistsandjournalistshaspointedtostudiesthatseemtolinkexposuretoelectromagneticfieldswithincreasedriskofleukemiaandothermalignancies.Theimplicationsareunsettling,tosaytheleast,sinceeveryonecomesintocontactwithsuchfields,whicharegeneratedbyeverythingelectrical,frompowerlinesandantennastopersonalcomputersandmicro-waveovens.Becauseevidenceonthesubjectisinconclusiveandoftencontradictory,ithasbeenhardtodecidewhetherconcernaboutthehealtheffectsofelectricityislegitimate—ortheworstkindofparanoia.

  NowthealarmistshavegainedsomequalifiedsupportfromtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Intheexecutivesummaryofanewscientificreview,releasedindraftformlatelastweek,theEPAhasputforwardwhatamountstothemostseriousgovernmentwarningtodate.Theagencytentativelyconcludesthatscientificevidence“suggestsacasuallink”betweenextremelylow-frequencyelectromagneticfields—thosehavingverylongwave-lengths—andleukemia,lymphomaandbraincancer,WhilethereportfallsshortofclassifyingELFfieldsasprobablecarcinogens,itdoesidentifythecommon60-hertzmagneticfieldas“apossible,butnotproven,causeofcancerinhumans.”

  Thereportisnoreasontopanic—oreventolostsleep.Ifthereisacancerrisk,itisasmallone.TheevidenceisstillsocontroversialthatthedraftstirredagreatdealofdebatewithintheBushAdministration,andtheEPAreleaseditoverstrongobjectionsfromthePentagonandtheWhitHouse.Butnownoonecandenythattheissuemustbetakenseriouslyandthatmuchmoreresearchisneeded.

Attheheartofthedebateisasimpleandwell-understoodphysicalphenomenon:

Whenanelectriccurrentpassesthroughawire,titgeneratesanelectromagneticfieldthatexertsforcesonsurroundingobjects,Formanyyears,scientistsdismissedanysuggestionthatsuchforcesmightbeharmful,primarilybecausetheyaresoextraordinarilyweak.TheELFmagneticfieldgeneratedbyavideoterminalmeasuresonlyafewmilligauss,oraboutone-hundredththestrengthoftheearth’sownmagneticfield,Theelectricfieldssurroundingapowerlinecanbeashighas10kilovoltspermeter,butthecorrespondingfieldinducedinhumancellswillbeonlyabout1millivoltpermeter.Thisisfarlessthantheelectricfieldsthatthecellsthemselvesgenerate.

Howcouldsuchminusculeforcesposeahealthdanger?

Theconsensususedtobethattheycouldnot,andfordecadesscientistsconcentratedonmorepowerfulkindsofradiation,likeX-rays,thatpacksufficientwalloptoknockelectronsoutofthemoleculesthatmakeupthehumanbody.Such“ionizing”radiationshavebeenclearlylinkedtoincreasedcancerrisksandthereareregulationstocontrolemissions.

Butepidemiologicalstudies,whichfindstatisticalassociationsbetweensetsofdata,donotprovecauseandeffect.ThoughthereisabodyoflaboratoryworkshowingthatexposuretoELFfieldscanhavebiologicaleffectsonanimaltissues,amechanismbywhichthoseeffectscouldleadtocancerousgrowthshasneverbeenfound.

ThePentagonisforfrompersuaded.Inablistering33-pagecritiqueoftheEPAreport,AirForcescientistschargeitsauthorswithhaving“biasedtheentiredocument”towardprovingalink.“Ourreviewersareconvincedthatthereisnosuggestionthat（electromagneticfields）presentintheenvironmentinduceorpromotecancer,”theAirForceconcludes.“ItisastonishingthattheEPAwouldlenditsimprimaturonthisreport.”ThenPentagon’sconcernisunderstandable.Thereishardlyaunitofthemodernmilitarythatdoesnotdependontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment,fromhugeground-basedradartowerstothedefensesystemsbuiltintoeverywarshipandplane.

1.Themainideaofthispassageis

[A].studiesonthecauseofcancer   

.controversialview-pointsinthecauseofcancer

[C].therelationshipbetweenelectricityandcancer.

[D].differentideasabouttheeffectofelectricityoncaner.

2.Theview-pointoftheEPAis

[A].thereiscasuallinkbetweenelectricityandcancer.

.electricityreallyaffectscancer.

[C].controversial.

[D].lowfrequencyelectromagneticfieldisapossiblecauseofcancer

3.WhydidthePentagonandWhitHouseobjecttothereleaseofthereport?

Because

[A].itmaystiragreatdealofdebateamongtheBushAdministration.

.everyunitofthemodernmilitaryhasdependedontheheavyuseofsomekindofelectronicequipment.

[C].thePentagon’sconcernwasunderstandable.

[D].theyhaddifferentarguments.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromphysicalphenomenon

[A].theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldistooweaktobeharmful.

.theforceoftheelectromagneticfieldisweakerthantheelectricfieldthatthecellsgenerate.

[C].electromagneticfieldmayaffecthealth.

[D].onlymorepowerfulradiationcanknockelectronoutofhumanbody.

5.Whatdoyouthinkordinarycitizensmaydoafterreadingthedifferentarguments?

[A].Theyareindifferent.      .Theyareworriedverymuch.

[C].Themayexerciseprudentavoidance.    [C].Theyareshocked.

Vocabulary

1. preposterous     反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的

2. leukemia       白血病

3. malignancy      恶性肿瘤

4. legitimate      合法的，合理的

5. paranoia       偏执狂，妄想狂。

这里指：

无根据的担心。

6. lymphoma      淋巴瘤

7. carcinogen      致癌物

8. minuscule       很小的，很不重要

9. consensus       舆论

10. wallop        乱窜，猛冲，冲击力

11. epidemiological    流行病学的

12. blistering