届高考英语二轮专题训练 阅读理解34.docx
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届高考英语二轮专题训练阅读理解34
2020届高考英语二轮专题训练:
阅读理解(34)
A
DecisionmakingunderStress
Anewreviewbasedonaresearchshowsthatacutestressaffectsthewaythebrainconsiderstheadvantagesanddisadvantages,causingittofocusonpleasureandignorethepossiblenegative(负面的)consequencesofadecision.
Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewaypeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.
“Stressaffectshowpeoplelearn,”saysProfessorMaraMather.“Peoplelearnbetteraboutpositivethannegativeoutcomesunderstress.”
Forexample,tworecentstudieslookedathowpeoplelearnedtoconnectimages(影像)witheitherrewardsorpunishments.Inoneexperiment,someoftheparticipantswerefirststressedbyhavingtogiveaspeechanddodifficultmathproblemsinfrontofanaudience;intheother,somewerestressedbyhavingtokeeptheirhandsinicewater.Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn'tgonethroughthestress.
Thisphenomenonislikelynotsurprisingtoanyonewhohastriedtoresisteatingcookiesorsmokingacigarettewhileunderstress—atthosemoments,onlythepleasureassociatedwithsuchactivitiescomestomind.Butthefindingsfurthersuggestthatstressmaybringaboutadoubleeffect.Notonlyarerewardingexperiencesrememberedbetter,butnegativeconsequencesarealsoeasilyrecalled.
Theresearchalsofoundthatstressappearstoaffectdecisionmakingdifferentlyinmenandwomen.Whilebothmenandwomentendtofocusonrewardsandlessonconsequencesunderstress,theirresponsestoriskturnouttobedifferent.
Menwhohadbeenstressedbythecoldwatertasktendedtotakemorerisksintheexperimentwhilewomenrespondedintheoppositeway.Instressfulsituationsinwhichrisktakingcanpayoffbig,menmaytendtodobetter;whencautionweighsmore,however,womenwillwin.
Thistendencytoslowdownandbecomemorecautiouswhendecisionsareriskymightalsohelpexplainwhywomenarelesslikelytobecomeaddictedthanmen:
theymaymoreoftenavoidmakingtheriskychoicesthateventuallyhardenintoaddiction.
64.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatpeopleunderpressuretendto________.
A.keeprewardsbetterintheirmemory
B.recallconsequencesmoreeffortlessly
C.makeriskydecisionsmorefrequently
D.learnasubjectmoreeffectively
65.Accordingtotheresearch,stressaffectspeoplemostprobablyintheir________.
A.waysofmakingchoices
B.preferenceforpleasure
C.toleranceofpunishments
D.responsestosuggestions
66.Theresearchhasprovedthatinastressfulsituation,________.
A.womenfinditeasiertofallintocertainhabits
B.menhaveagreatertendencytoslowdown
C.womenfocusmoreonoutcomes
D.menaremorelikelytotakerisks
B
A(2020四川卷)
31.Whatyouhavejustreadisa_______.
A.noteB.reportC.scheduleD.poster
32.Whatisgoingtotakeplaceon2February,2020?
A.AbigeventtowelcomeaChinesenewyear.
B.Asocialgatheringtoraisemoneyforwildlife.
C.Apartyforclosefriendstomeetandhavefun.
D.AmeetingofKwunTongHighSchoolstudents.
33.Howmuchdoyouhavetopayintotaliffourofyougotogether?
A.$20.B.$40.C.$60.D.$80.
34.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.TicketsaresoldinKwunTongHighSchool.
B.It'sunnecessarytotakesoftdrinkswithyou.
C.Freedigitalcamerasareprovidedforeverybody.
D.Festivalfoodwillbeservedwithoutextracharge.
C
Oneday,Jackthrewsomepapersonmydesk.“What’swrong?
”Iasked.“Nexttimeyouwanttochangeanything,askmefirst,”hesaid,andleft.Ihadmadejustonesmallchange.Butit’snotthatIhadn’tbeenwarned.Mycolleagueshadsaidhewasresponsiblefortheresignationsofthetwoprevioussecretaries.Astheweekswentby,IcametolookdownonJack.
AfteranotherofhisepisodeshadleftmeintearsIstormedintohisoffice.“what?
”hesaidsuddenly.“Jack,thewayyou’vebeentreatingmeiswrong.I’veneverhadanyonespeaktomethatway.Asaprofessional,it’swrongformetoallowittocontinue,”Isaid.Jacksmilednervously,“Susan,ImakeyouapromisethatIwillbeafriend.Iwilltreatyouasyoudeservetobetreated,withrespectandkindness.”
Jackavoidedmetherestoftheweek,andneverquestionedmyworkagain.Ibroughtcookiestotheofficeonedayandleftsomeonhisdesk.AnotherdayIleftanote:
”Hopeyourdayisgoinggreat.”Overthenextfewweeks,therewerenomoreJackepisodes.Oneyearlater
IdiscoveredIhadbreastcancer,andwasscared.Thestatisticswerenotgreatformylong-termsurvival.
Oneday,however,Jackvisitedmeinthehospitalandsilentlyhandedmeabundlewithseveralbulbsinside.“Tulips(郁金香),”hesaid.Ismiled,notunderstanding.“Ifyouplantthemwhenyougethome,they’llcomeupnextspring.Ithinkyouwillbetheretoseethemwhentheycomeup.NextspringyouwillseethecoloursIpickedoutforyou.”Tearscloudedmyeyesandheleft.Ihaveseenthoseredandwhitestriped(有条纹的)tulipspushthroughthesoileveryspringforovertenyearsnow.ThispastSeptemberthedoctordeclaredmecured.AtamomentwhenIwasprayingforjusttherightword,amanwithveryfewwordssaidalltherightthings.Afterall,that’swhatfriendsdo.
31.Jackbecameangrythatdaybecause__________.
A.hewasfeelingunwell
B.Susanhadfailedtokeephisofficeclean
C.hefeltSusanchangedtoomuchaboutthepapers
D.Susanhadchangedsomethingwithouthispermission
32.Susanstormedintojack’sofficetotellJackthat__________.
A.hewasn’tworthyofrespect
B.heshouldapologizetoherrightaway
C.shewouldtreathimthewayhetreatedher
D.oneshouldshowothersrespectandkindness
33.WhichofthefollowingdescribesSusan?
A.Moodybutfirm.
B.Shyanddemanding
C.Confidentandfriendly.
D.Toughandtroublesome.
A.Jackcaresabouthisemployees
34.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat__________.
B.Jackgetsalongwellwithhisemployees
C.Jackisalwaysparticularabouthiswork
D.Jackdoesn’tcareaboutthefeelingsofothers
35.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat__________.
A.afriendinneedisafriendindeed
B.afewwordscanbeasmeaningfulasmany
C.afriendwhosayslittlemustbeagoodfriend
D.wemusttreatdisrespectfulpeoplewithdisrespect
D
D.
MyfamilyandIlivedacrossthestreetfromSouthwayParksinceIwasfouryearsold.Thenjustlastyeartheycityputachainlinkfencearoundtheparkandstartedbulldozing(用推土机推平)thetreesandgrasstomakewayforanewapartmentcomplex.WhenIsawthefenceandbulldozers,Iaskedmyself,“Whydon’ttheyjustleaveitalone?
”
Lookingback,Ithinkwhatsentencedtheparttooblivion(别遗忘)wasthedrought(旱灾)wehadaboutfouryearsago.Upuntilthen,SouthwayParkwasanicegreenparkwithplentyoftreesandapublicswimmingpool.MyfriendsandIrollerskatedonthesidewalks,climbedthetress,andswaminthepoolalltheyearsIwasgrowingup.Theparkwasalmostlikemyownyard.ThenthesummerIwasfifteenthedroughtcameandthingschanged.
Therehadbeenalmostnorainatallthatyear.Thecitystoppedwateringtheparkgrass.WithinafewweeksIfoundmyselflivingacrossthestreetfromahugebrowndesert.Leavesfellofftheparktress,andprettysoonthetreesstarteddying,too.Next,theparkswimmingpoolwasclosed.Thecitycutdownontheworkforcethatkeptthepark,andprettysoonitjustgottoouglyanddirtytoenjoyanymore.
Asthedroughtlastedintothefall,theparkgotworseeverymonth.Therubbishpileduporblewacrossthebrowngrass.Soontheonlypeopleintheparkwerebeggarsandotherpeopledownontheirluck.Peoplesaiddrugswerebeingsoldortradedtherenow.Theparkhadgottenscary,andmymothertolduskidsnottogothereanymore.
Thedroughtfinallyendedandthingsseemedtogetbacktonormal,thatis,everythingbutthepark.Ithadgottenintosuchbadshapethatthecityjustletitstaythatway.ThenaboutsixmonthsagoIheardthatthecitywasgoingto“redevelop”certainworn-outareasofthecity.Itturnedoutthatthecityhadplannedtogetridofthepark,sellthelandandletsomeonebuildrowsofapartmentbuildingsonit.
Thechain-linkfencingandthebulldozersdidtheirwork.Nowweliveacrossthestreetfromsixrowsofapartmentbuildings.Eachofthemisthreeunitshighandstretchesablockineachdirection.Theneighborhoodhaschangedwithoutthepark.ThestreetsIusedtoplayinarejammedwithcarsnow.Thingswillneverbethesameagain.SometimesIwonder,though,whatchangesanotherdroughtwouldmakeinthewaythingsaretoday.
53.Howdidthewriterfeelwhenhesawthefenceandbulldozers?
A.Scared.B.Confused.C.Upset.D.Curious.
54.Whywasthewritertoldnottogototheparkbyhismother?
A.Itwasbeingrebuilt.B.Itwasdangerous.
C.Itbecausecrowded.D.Ithadturnedintoadesert.
55.Accordingtothewriter,whateventuallybroughtaboutthedisappearanceofthepark?
A.Thedrought.B.Thecrime.
C.Thebeggarsandtherubbish.D.Thedecisionsofthecity.
56.Thelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthatifanotherdroughtcame,______.
A.thesituationwouldbemuchworse
B.peoplewouldhavetodeserttheirhomes
C.thecitywouldbefullypreparedinadvance
D.thecitywouldhavetoredeveloptheneighborhood
A
【要点综述】本文主要讲述的是压力对人做出决定的影响以及男女在面对压力时决定方式的不同。
64.A 细节理解题。
根据文章第四段“Inbothcases,thestressedparticipantsrememberedtherewardedmaterialmoreaccuratelyandthepunishedmateriallessaccuratelythanthosewhohadn'tgonethroughthestress.”可知A为正确答案。
65.A 推理判断题。
根据文章标题和实验内容,可知作者要说明的是“Theresearchsuggeststhat