高考英语一轮复习全一册练习 新人教版选修8文档格式.docx
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CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.
WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour
3hours(7miles)
JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.
1.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?
A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.
C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.
D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.
2.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?
A.Meetfamouspeople.B.Gotoanationalpark.
C.Visitwell-knownmuseums.D.Enjoyinterestingstories.
3.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?
A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.
语篇解读:
本文是一篇应用文。
文章介绍了在华盛顿特区进行的四项自行车旅行。
答案及剖析:
1.A 细节理解题。
根据第一项自行车旅行中的“Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—andthecherryblossoms—disappear!
”可知,这项自行车旅行需要预订。
其他三项自行车旅行都没有提到需要预订。
2.D 细节理解题。
根据第三项自行车旅行中的“KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.”可知,在CapitalCityBikeTour中,导游会为你讲述关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。
3.D 细节理解题。
由题干中的atnight可定位到最后一项自行车旅行。
根据最后两句“Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.”可知,在晚上进行的这项自行车旅行给游客配备了安全灯。
B
(2018北京朝阳区期末)
TheDomestication(驯化)ofCats
Forcenturies,thecommonviewofhowdomesticationhadoccurredwasthatprehistoricpeople,realizinghowusefulitwouldbetohaveanimalskeptforfood,begancatchingwildanimalsandbreeding(饲养)them.Overtime,byallowingonlyanimalswith“tame”(驯养的)characteristicstoproducetheirbabies,humanbeingscreatedanimalsthatwerelesswildandmoredependentuponpeople.Eventuallythisprocessledtothedomesticfarmanimalsandpetsthatweknowtoday,havinglosttheirancientsurvivalskillsandnaturalabilities.
Recentresearchsuggeststhatthisviewofdomesticationisincomplete.Prehistorichumanbeingsdidcatchandbreedusefulwildanimals,butspecialistsinanimalbehaviornowthinkthatdomesticationwasnotsimplysomethingpeopledidtoanimals—theanimalsplayedanactivepartintheprocess.Wolvesandwildhorses,forexample,mayhavetakenthefirststepsintheirowndomesticationbyhangingaroundhumansettlements,feedingonpeople’scropsandgettingusedtohumanactivity.Theanimalswhichwerenottoonervousorfearfultolivenearpeopleproducedtheirbabiesthatalsotoleratedhumans,makingiteasierforpeopletocatchandbreedthem.
Inthisversion,peoplesucceededindomesticatingonlyanimalsthathadalreadyadaptedeasilytolifearoundhumans.Domesticationrequiredananimalthatwaswillingtobecomedomestic.Theprocesswasmorelikeadancewithpartnersthanavictoryofhumansoveranimals.
Atfirstglance,thetamingofcatsseemstofitnicelyintothisnewstoryofdomestication.AtraditionaltheorysaysthatafterprehistoricpeopleinEgyptinventedagricultureandstartedfarming,ratsandmicegatheredtofeastontheirstoredgrain.Wildcats,inturn,gatheredatthesameplacestohuntandeattheratsandmice.Overtime,catsgotusedtopeopleandpeoplegotusedtocats.Somestudiesofwildcats,however,seemtocallthistheoryintoquestion.Wildcatsdon’tsharehuntingandfeedingareas,andtheydon’tliveclosetopeople.Expertsdonotknowwhetherwildcatswerepartnersintheirowndomestication.Theydoknowthatlongafterpeoplehadacquireddomesticdogs,sheepandhorses,theysomehowacquireddomesticcats.Graduallytheyproducedanimalswithincreasinglytamequalities.
4.Whatissuggestedinrecentresearch?
A.Animalswerelessafraidthanthought.
B.Animalshadanactiveroleintheirdomestication.
C.Wolvesandhorseswerethefirsttobedomesticated.
D.Domesticationmeantsomethingpeopledidtoanimals.
5.Theword“dance”isusedinParagraph3toshowthat .
A.animalsandhumanswerecloseB.controloveranimalswaseasy
C.animalswereindependentofhumansD.domesticationwaslikeagame
6.Whatprobablyattractedcatstohumansettlements?
A.Othercats.B.Warmth.C.Humans.D.Food.
7.Whatcausesaproblemforthetheorythatcatsweredomesticatedlikewolveswere?
A.Catswerenotfriendlytopeople.
B.Catswerenotasfierceaswolves.
C.Catshadthecharacteristicofindependence.
D.Catsshowedclevernesswhentheywerehunting.
关于野生动物的驯化,常见的观点是:
早期人类捕捉野生动物并驯养它们;
最近的研究显示,在人类驯养野生动物的过程中,动物也起着积极的作用。
4.B 细节理解题。
根据文章第二段第二句中的domesticationwasnotsimplysomethingpeopledidtoanimals—theanimalsplayedanactivepartintheprocess.可知,动物在被人类驯化的过程中也起着积极的作用。
5.A 推理判断题。
从文中第三段可知,人类驯化那些愿意成为家养的动物。
这个过程更像是与舞伴一起跳舞,而非人类战胜动物。
由此可见,在野生动物的驯化过程中,人类和动物是亲近的。
6.D 推理判断题。
由最后一段可知,古埃及人开始农业耕种,老鼠开始聚集在他们储存粮食的地方,野猫也因此聚集于此捕杀老鼠。
可见,吸引猫到人类聚居地可能的原因是猫寻找食物,即老鼠。
7.C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的Wildcatsdon’tsharehuntingandfeedingareas,andtheydon’tliveclosetopeople.可知,野猫不会共享捕猎和觅食地,它们和人类住得并不近。
这和第二段中的最新研究表明的“人类和一些后来被驯化的野生动物住得很近”相矛盾,即猫拥有独立的个性这一点使这一理论的合理性受到了挑战。
Ⅱ.语法填空(2018辽宁丹东五校联考)
AteamofscientistsfromOhioStateUniversitydidtestson33volunteersandfoundthatpeoplewhoexercisedwhilelisteningtomusicdidmuch1. (well)onlanguageabilityteststhanwithoutmusic.
Thevolunteerssaidthey2. (feel)betteremotionallyandphysicallyafterexercisingwithorwithoutmusic.Buttheir3. (improve)onthetestsdoubledafterlisteningtomusicduringexercise.Researcheshaveshownitistruethatmusiccanbegoodforhealth,educationandwell-being.“Exerciseseemstocausepositivechangesinthenervoussystem,4. mayinfluencelearningability,”saidCharlesEmery,wholedthestudy.
Scientistshavebeenstudyingtheeffectsofmusic5. understandingsincetheearly1950s.ScientistsoftenuseMozart’smusic,especiallyhisviolinpieces6. (help)childrenwithspeechdisorders.ThereasonwhyMozartischosenis7. hismusicisnotoverexcitingandhasclearstructures.Astudyshowedstudents8. (listen)toMozartscoredhighermarksinanintelligencetest.Withimportantexamsdrawingnear,yourparentswillnot9. (probable)allowyoutolistentomusic.Butperhapsnowyouhavegood10. (reason)toarguewiththem.
很多人担心听音乐会影响工作和学习,但研究表明有些音乐不但不会影响我们,而且会帮助我们把事情做得更好。
1.better 句意为:
……那些听着音乐锻炼的人在语言能力测试上比不听音乐的人做得更好。
much修饰形容词的比较级,且根据空后的than可知应填better。
2.felt 句意为:
志愿者说无论听不听音乐,锻炼后他们的身心都感觉好多了。
根据said可知此处也相应地用一般过去时,故填felt。
3.improvement 句意为:
但是在锻炼时听音乐使他们的测试成绩翻倍。
their为形容词性物主代词,后接名词,故填improvement。
4.which 句意为:
锻炼似乎能引起神经系统的积极变化,这可能会影响学习能力。
分析句子结构可知,设空处为非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整句话,故填which。
5.on/upon 句意为:
20世纪50年代初以来科学家一直在研究音乐对理解力的影响。
effect与on/upon搭配使用,意为“对……的影响”,故填on/upon。
6.tohelp 句意为:
科学家经常用莫扎特的作品,尤其是他的小提琴曲来帮助那些有言语障碍的孩子们。
use...todo...意为“用……来做……”,此处应用动词不定式表目的,故填tohelp。
7.that 句意为:
选择莫扎特的音乐是因为他的曲子不会让人过于兴奋,而且有清晰的脉络。
分析句子结构可知,句子的主语为reason,is为系动词,设空处引导表语从句,且从句成分完整,故填that。
8.listening 句意为:
研究表明,听莫扎特音乐的学生在智力测试中取得的分数更高。
设空处应用现在分词作定语,修饰students,表主动,故填listening。
9.probably 句意为:
随着重要考试的临近,你的父母可能不会让你听音乐。
设空后为动词,应用副词修饰,故填probably。
10.reasons 句意为:
但是或许现在你有充分的理由反驳他们了。
reason为可数名词,此处应用其复数形式表示泛指,故填reasons。
Ⅲ.短文改错(2018福建厦门质检)
Oneday,IhappenedtowatchaprogramabouttraditionalvillagesonTV.Outofinteresting,Imadeatriptoanearbyvillagewithmyparents.ThemomentIwasarrived,IthoughtIenteredadreamworld.Wewerewarmlywelcomedortreatedtothelocalcuisine.Groupsofvillagersanganddancedhappytothefolkmusicwhichwasplayedwithwoodendrumsandpipes.Wewatchedourperformancesinadmiration.Whilewewerechattingwithelderly,theyexpressedtheirgreatconcernaboutpassingonthesongsinfuturegenerations.Thepreciousexperiencehasteachmetheimportanceofpreservetraditionalculture.
答案:
Oneday,IhappenedtowatchaprogramabouttraditionalvillagesonTV.Outof,
madeatriptoanearbyvillagewithmyparents.ThemomentI
arrived,IthoughtIenteredadreamworld.Wewerewarmlywelcomed
treatedtothelocalcuisine.Groupsof
sanganddanced
tothefolkmusicwhichwasplayedwithwoodendrumsandpipes.Wewatched
performancesinadmiration.Whilewewerechattingwith
elderly,theyexpressedtheirgreatconcernaboutpassingonthesongs
futuregenerations.Thepreciousexperiencehas
metheimportanceof
traditionalculture.
部析:
outofinterest为固定搭配,意为“出于兴趣”。
Themoment引导时间状语从句,从句中主语I和动词arrive为主动关系,应用主动
语态。
根据语境可知,“我们”受到热烈欢迎与被款待享用当地美食为并列关系,而非选择关系。
villager为可