研究生英语阅读教程提高级-第三版课文及课后习题答案.docx

研究生英语阅读教程提高级-第三版课文及课后习题答案.docx

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新编研究生英语系列教程

研究生英语阅读教程

（提高级/第三版）

Lesson1　Spillonomics:

UnderestimatingRisk·································1

Lesson2　HumbledbyNature,HumblebyCulture··························9

Lesson3　HowWeBroketheMurdochScandal·······························14

UnitTwoReadingBiographiesandPersonalRecollections

Lesson4BillClinton························································21

Lesson5　SteveJobs························································39

Lesson6　ABeautifulMind···················································42

UnitThreeReadingEssays

Lesson7　AChristmasSermononPeace···········································57

Lesson8　LeftforDead························································64

Lesson9　SpelloftheRisingMoon········································68

UnitFourReadingScientificand

TechnicalArticles

Lesson10OurPictureoftheUniverse···············································74

Lesson11　MindoverMachine················································87

Lesson12　2InchesBetweenLife,Death···········································95

UnitFiveReadingShortStoriesand

Novels

Lesson13　CatintheRain·········································101

Lesson14　TheStolenParty································106

Lesson15　ASummer’sReading····································109

课文全文参考译文···································113

UnitOneReadingNewsReports

Lesson1　Spillonomics:

UnderestimatingRisk

KEYSTOEXERCISES

.ReadingComprehension

A.

1.B（Paragraph1:

YearsbeforetheDeepwaterHorizonrigblew,BPwasdevelopingareputationasanoilcompanythattooksafetyriskstosavemoney.）

2.C（Paragraph1:

NoneotherthanJoeBarton,aRepublicancongressmanfromTexasandaglobal-warmingskeptic…noneotherthan:

usedtoemphasizethesurprisingidentityofaperson

orthing正是，恰是）

3.D（Paragraph4:

ForallthecriticismBPexecutivesmaydeserve,theyarefarfromtheonlypeopletostrugglewithsuchlow-probability,high-costevents.Nearlyeveryonedoes.）

4.B（Paragraph4:

Whenaneventisdifficulttoimagine,wetendtounderestimateitslikelihood.Thisistheproverbialblackswan.）

5.C（Paragraph6:

Afterthe9/11attacks,Americanscanceledplanetripsandtooktotheroad.Therewerenoterroristattacksinthiscountryin2002,yettheadditionaldrivingapparentlyledtoanincreaseintrafficfatalities.）

6.B（Paragraph7:

Whenthestakesarehighenough,itfallstogovernmenttohelpitscitizensavoidtheseentirelyhumanerrors.Themarket,lefttoitsowndevices,oftencannotdoso.）

7.D（Paragraph8:

Federallawhelpedthemunderestimatethecosts.）

8.A（Paragraph10:

Thebigfinancialriskisnolongerahousingbubble.Instead,itmaybethehugedeficitsthatthegrowthofMedicare,MedicaidandSocialSecuritywillcauseincomingyears—andthepossibilitythatlenderswilleventuallybecomenervousaboutextendingcredittoWashington.）

9.A（Paragraph12:

Nothinglikethathaseverhappenedbefore.Evenimaginingitisdifficult.Itismucheasiertohopethattheoddsofsuchanoutcomearevanishinglysmall.Infact,it’sonlynaturaltohavethishope.Butthatdoesn’tmakeitwise.）

10.D（Thewholetext.）

B.

ReasonsBehind

WrongActionsConsequencesSuggestedSolutions

DeepwaterHorizon

ObsessionwithprofitsCostcuttingBPshouldbefullyawareof

Safetycouldnotbethepotentialrisksandspend

guaranteedmoremoneytomaketheir

HumanweaknessUnderestimatingtherisks

facilitiessafer.

CongressandtheObama

administrationshouldtake

A1990CongresslawputaFederallawhelpedBP

sensiblesteps,likelifting

Governmentpolicycaponspiller’sliabilityforexecutivesunderestimate

theliabilitycapandfreeing

cleanupcostat$75million.thecostsofdamages.

regulatorsfromtheswayof

industry.

.Vocabulary

Ⅱ

A.

1.C　　2.B　　3.C　　4.B　　5.A　　6.D　　7.D　　8.D　　9.C　　10.A

B.

1.cap2.Inthewakeof3.proverbial4.stemfrom5.odds6.given

7.comewhatmay8.Farfrom9.sway10.Inretrospect

Ⅲ.Cloze

1.wisdom2.tend3.shrink4.unexpected5.puzzle6.cameupwith

7.severe8.altered9.Regardlessof10.necessarily

Ⅳ.Translation

1.就连乔·巴顿，对全球变暖持怀疑态度、来自得克萨斯州的共和党众议员，都谴责BP管理人员“对安全和环境问题表现得漠不关心”。

2.显然，考虑到清理费用和对BP声誉的影响，高管们真希望可以回到过去，多花些钱让“深水地平线”更安全。

他们没有增加这笔费用就表明他们认为钻机在当时的状态下不会出问题。

3.埃克森公司瓦尔迪兹漏油事件发生后，在1990年的一个法案很少引人注意的一项条款中，美国国会将钻机泄漏清理费用的责任上限定为7500万美元。

即使对旅游业、渔业等造成的经济损失高达数十亿美元，责任方也仅需要支付7500万美元。

4.不过，如果认为我们目前仍然低估的只是那些突然间引人注目的风险，那是非常愚蠢的。

Ⅴ.OralPracticeandDiscussion

1.Whatarethetwobasicandoppositetypesofmistakeswehumanstendtomake?

Wemaketwobasic—andopposite—typesofmistakes.Whenaneventisdifficulttoimagine,wetendtounderestimateitslikelihood.Ontheotherhand,whenanunlikelyeventisalltooeasytoimagine,weoftengointheoppositedirectionandoverestimatetheodds.

2.WhatlessonsshouldwelearnfromtheDeepwaterHorizon?

Open.

3.Atthetimeofmaximizingprofits,whatelseshouldaresponsiblecompanydo?

4.Whatarethechallengesindevelopingtheeconomywithoutharmingtheenvironment?

MOREINFORMATIONABOUTTHETEXT

1.TheDeepwaterHorizonoilspill:

（alsoreferredtoastheBPoilspill,theGulfofMexicooilspill,theBPoildisaster,ortheMacondoblowout）anoilspillintheGulfofMexicowhichflowedforthreemonthsin2010.Itisthelargestaccidentalmarineoilspillinthehistoryofthepetroleumindustry.Thespillstemmedfromasea-flooroilgusherthatresultedfromtheApril20,2010,explosionofDeepwaterHorizon,whichdrilledontheBP-operatedMacondoProspect.Theexplosionkilled11menworkingontheplatformandinjured17others.OnJuly15,2010,theleakwasstoppedbycappingthegushingwellhead,afterithadreleasedabout4.9millionbarrels（780,000m3）ofcrudeoil.Anestimated53,000barrelsperday（8,400m3/d）escapedfromthewelljustbeforeitwascapped.Itisbelievedthatthedailyflowratediminishedovertime,startingatabout62,000barrelsperday（9,900m3/d）anddecreasingasthereservoirofhydrocarbonsfeedingthegusherwasgraduallydepleted.OnSeptember19,2010,thereliefwellprocesswassuccessfullycompleted,andthefederalgovernmentdeclaredthewell“effectivelydead”.InAugust2011,oilandoilsheencoveringseveralsquaremilesofwaterwerereportedsurfacingnotfarfromBP’sMacondowell.ScientificanalysisconfirmedtheoilisachemicalmatchforMacondo252.TheCoastGuardsaidtheoilwastoodispersedtorecover.

ThespillcausedextensivedamagetomarineandwildlifehabitatsandtotheGulf’sfishingandtourismindustries.Skimmerships,floatingcontainmentbooms,anchoredbarriers,sand-filledbarricadesalongshorelines,anddispersantswereusedinanattempttoprotecthundredsofmilesofbeaches,wetlands,andestuariesfromthespreadingoil.Scientistsalsoreportedimmenseunderwaterplumesofdissolvedoilnotvisibleatthesurfaceaswellasan80-square-mile（210km²）“killzone”surroundingtheblownwell.InlateNovember2010,4,200squaremiles（11,000km²）oftheGulfwerere-closedtoshrimpingaftertarballswerefoundinshrimpers’nets.TheamountofLouisianashorelineaffectedbyoilgrewfrom287miles（462km）inJulyto320miles（510km）inlateNovember2010.InJanuary2011,anoilspillcommissionerreportedthattarballscontinuetowashup,oilsheentrailsareseeninthewakeoffishingboats,wetlandsmarshgrassremainsfouledanddying,andcrudeoilliesoffshoreindeepwaterandinfinesiltsandsandsonshore.AresearchteamfoundoilonthebottomoftheseafloorinlateFebruary2011thatdidnotseemtobedegrading.OnMay26,2011,theLouisianaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityextendedthestateofemergencyrelatedtotheoilspill.ByJuly9,2011,roughly491miles（790kilometers）ofcoastlineinLouisiana,Mississippi,AlabamaandFloridaremainedcontaminatedbyBPoil,accordingtoaNOAAspokesperson.InOctober2011,aNOAAreportshowsdolphinsandwhalescontinuetodieattwicethenormalrate.InJanuary2011theWhiteHouseoilspillcommissionreleaseditsfinalreportonthecausesoftheoilspill.TheyblamedBPanditspartnersformakingaseriesofcost-cuttingdecisionsandthelackofasystemtoensurewellsafety.Theyalsoconcludedthatthespillwasnota