新概念一语法知识点总结文档格式.docx
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★肯定回答及否定回答:
does.
doesn’t.
doesn’t
it
注意:
第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。
其他人称及复数名词
I
want
to
have
bath.
We
some
meat.
students
smart
teachers.
★变疑问句在句首加do
Do
you
bath?
we
any
meat?
teachers?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.
You
don’t
I
do.
don’t.
don’t
2.现在进行时:
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成:
主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)
having
lunch.
reading
book.
running
after
cat.
boys
swimming
across
river.
lunch?
book?
cat?
river?
★变否定句在be动词后面加
not
★特殊疑问句:
what,
which,
how,
where,
who,
etc.
疑问词+动词+主语+现在分词
What
doing?
没有进行时的动词(必背)
表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作
表示感觉,感官的词
see,
hear,
like,
love,
want,
2.
have,
has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时
新概念英语第一册知识点之一般过去时:
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,3daysago,
含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am,is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were
Iwasatthebutcher’s.
Youwereastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.
★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首
Wereyouatthebutcher’s?
Wereyouastudentayearago?
Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?
Iwasnotatthebutcher’s.
Youwerenotastudentayearago.
Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.
★肯定回答否定回答
Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.
Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.
Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.
Whatdidyoudo?
(必背)
不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录
Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboywenttoarestaurant.
TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.
★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型
Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?
Didtheboygotoarestaurant?
DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?
★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnot
Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.
Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.
TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.
Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.
Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.
Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.
3.现在完成时:
现在完成时构成:
主语+助动词have,
has+过去分词
用法:
1)
表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just,
usually,
already,
since等时间副词连用
just
had
lunch.
(饱了,不用再吃了)
has
cup
of
tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)
They
already
their
holiday.
(不能再度假了)
boy
read
book.
(已经知道书的容了,不用再看了)
2)
询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:
Have
finished
your
homework?
been
Beijing?
seen
film?
3)
表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作
lived
in
Beijing
for
twenty
years.
worked
this
school
1
year.
4)
表示一种经历,经验:
去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情
never
film.
cinema.
ever
Paris.
to表示去过,have
gone
表示去了
London.(人已经回来)
London.(人还在那里)
5)
表示一种结果,
一般不和时间副词联用
lost
my
pen.
hurt
myself.
become
broken
heart.
句型变化:
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.
e.g.
Have
pen?
have.
done?
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时
注意:
有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用
错:
I’ve
left
3
days.
对:
days
ago.
away
from
being
一般将来时:
一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,
next
year,
day
tomorrow,
year
next,
five
hours’
time,
etc.
结构:
主语+助动词will+动词原形 I
will
go
America
tomorrow.
pilot
fly
Japan
month
next.
Jack
move
into
his
new
house
tomorrow
morning.
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Will
tomorrow?
Will
next?
morning?
★变否定句在助动词后面加not
morning
★肯定回答及否定回答
Yes,
will.
not.
he/she
★特殊疑问句:
What
do?
4.过去完成时:
用法:
在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构:
had+过去分词
After
her
homework,
went
shopping.
sold
car
before
asked
price.
train
arrived
at
station.
After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。
1、
变疑问句将助动词移到句首
Had
2、变否定句在助动词后面加not
hadn’t
homework.
3、
肯定回答及否定回答
had.
hadn’t.
4、
特殊疑问句:
5.过去进行时:
过去完成时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,
while,
as引导的状语从句中。
was/were+doing
When
husband
was
going
dining
room
morning,
dropped
coins
on
floor.
While
were
dinner,
father
watching
TV.
6.过去将来时:
过去将来时的结构:
woulddo
Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.
两个特殊句型:
therebe句型,begoingto结构
1)Begoingto结构
表示打算,准备,计划做某事
★结构:
主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型
Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.
Theyaregoingtopaintit.
Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
Areyougoingtomakeabookcase?
Aretheygoingtopaintit?
Isthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter?
Iamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.
Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.
Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.
Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.
Yes,heis.No,heisnot.
★特殊疑问句
Whatareyougoingtodo?
Whataretheygoingtodo?
Whatisthefathergoingtodo?
2)Therebe句型
表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)
Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Thereisabookinthisroom.
Thereisapenonthetable
Thereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)
Therearetwopensonthetable.
Therearethreeschoolsthere.
Isthereabookinthisroom?
Aretheretwopensonthetable?
★变否定句在动词后面加not
Thereisnotabookinthisroom.
Therearenottwopensonthetable.
Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.
Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.
问句:
一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句
一般疑问句:
助动词/be动词+主语
Do
tea?
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
name?
选择疑问句:
or
beef
or
lamb?
反意疑问句:
肯定述句+否定疑问部分,
否定述部分+肯定疑问部分
need
that
pen,
do
you?
否定疑问句:
一般疑问句+否定词
Aren’t
lucky?
Don’t
rest?
知识点限定词:
some,
any,
many,
much
修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some
many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,
much,
而用a
lot
of,
在否定句中表示很多用many,
much.
money.
much
money.
名词:
种类,复数,名词所有格
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词
1)不可数名词
无法分开的东西:
water,
tea,
bread,
milk,
rice(米)
抽象的东西:
beauty,
coldness(寒冷)
不可数名词有以下特点:
·
不能用a,
an修饰
不能加s
和单数be动词或动词搭配
2)可数名词:
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1
一般情况+s
e.g.
shell→shells
book→books
规则2
以s,
x,
ch,
sh结尾+es
fox→foxes
church→churches,
bus→buses,
watch→watches
规则3
以o结尾+s或+es
potato→potatoes,
Negro→Negroes,
hero→heroes,
tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:
黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s,
radio→radios
规则4
以f,
fe结尾的,变f,
fe为ves
life→lives
half→halves,
shelf→shelves,
city→cities,
wife→wives
规则5
以辅音字母+y结尾,
变y为i+es
sky→skies
fly→flies
不规则变化的名词复数形式
man(men)
woman(women)
foot(feet)
goose(geese)
tooth(teeth)0
child(children)
sheep(sheep)
deer(deer)
mouse(mice)
fish(fish)
副词:
用法及形容词变副词的变化
副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。
如:
book
good.
runs
fast.
came
here
quite
early.
Certainly
with
you.
副词变化形式:
直接在形容词后加-ly,
careful-carefully,
slow-slowly,
以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变I,
加-ly,
happy-happily,
lucky-luckily
有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化
fast,
hard,
late
有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:
neary-nearly,
high-highly,
late-lately
情态动词的使用:
can,
must,
may,
might,
need
情态动词can(能够),
must(必须),
may(可以)
主语+can/must/may+动词原型
can
make
tea.
Sally
air
room.
speak
English.
★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首
Can
Sally
room?
English?
★变否定句在情态动词后面加not
cannot
can.
cannot.