最新职称英语考试用书理工类新增文章Word文档格式.docx
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Real-WorldRobots
HeatIsKiller
LighteningStrikes
理工A
第十三篇：
SleepingGiant
AffectionateAndroids
理工C级阅读理解新增文章（河北师大外院培训中心提供.qq469296725）
第九篇
AnEssentialScientificProcess
Alllifeontheearthdependsupongreenplants.Usingsunlight,theplantsproducetheirownfood.Thenanimalsfeedupontheplants.Theytakeinthenutrientstheplantshavemadeandstored.Butthat’snotall.Sunlightalsohelpsaplantproduceoxygen.Someoftheoxygenisusedbytheplant,butaplantusuallyproducesmoreoxygenthanituses.Theexcessoxygenisnecessaryforanimalsandotherorganismstolive.
Theprocessofchanginglightintofoodandoxygeniscalledphotosynthesis.Besideslightenergyfromthesun,plantsalsousewaterandcarbondioxide.Thewatergetstotheplantthroughitsroots.Thecarbondioxideenterstheleavesthroughtinyopeningscalledstomata.Thecarbondioxidetravelstochloroplasts,specialcellsinthebodiesofgreenplants.Thisiswherephotosynthesistakesplace.Chloroplastscontainthechlorophyllsthatgiveplantstheirgreencolor.Thechlorophyllsarethemoleculesthattraplightenergy.Thetrappedlightenergychangeswaterandcarbondioxidetoproduceoxygenandasimplesugarcalledglucose.
Carbondioxideandoxygenmoveintoandoutofthestomata.Watervaporalsomovesoutofthestomata.Morethan90percentofwateraplanttakesinthroughitsrootsescapesthroughthestomata.Duringthedaytime,thestomataofmostplantsareopen.Thisallowscarbondioxidetoentertheleavesforphotosynthesis.Asnightfalls,carbondioxideisnotneeded.Thestomataofmostplantsclose.Waterlossstops.
Ifphotosynthesisceased,therewouldbelittlefoodorotherorganicmatterontheearth.Mostorganismswoulddisappear.Theearth’satmospherewouldnolongercontainoxygen.Photosynthesisisessentialforlifeonourplanet.
词汇：
nutrientn.营养物
organismn.生物体，有机体
carbondioxiden.二氧化碳
chloroplastn.叶绿体
moleculen.分子
vaporn.水蒸气
oxygenn.氧气
photosynthesisn.光合作用
chlorophylln.叶绿素
glucosen.葡萄糖
ceasev.停止
注释：
1．Thenanimalsfeedupontheplants.动物以植物为食。
练习：
1．Inthefirstparagraph，theword“excess”means
A heavy.
B extra.
C green.
D liquid.
2．Whichofthefollowingdoesnotmovethroughaplant’sstomata?
A Carbondioxide.
B Watervapor.
C Oxygen.
D Food.
3．Inthetitle,thetermEssentialScientificProcessrefersto
A photosynthesis.
B theformationofglucose.
C globalwarming.
D watergettingtotherootsofplants.
4．Thispassageisprimarilydevelopedby
A explainingaprocess.
B tellingastory.
C comparingandcontrasting.
D convincingthereaderofplants’importance.
5．Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe
A OxygenandCarbonDioxide.
B PlantsandTheirRoots.
C HowPhotosynthesisWorks.
D WhyOurEarthNeedsWater.
答案与题解：
1．B 前文讲到，植物产生的氧气一部分被植物自身消耗了，但植物消耗的氧气量远小于它们产生的氧气，因此可以推测这句话的意思应该是剩余的氧气对于动物以及其他生物体的生存是至关重要的。
excess在句中的意思是“超额的”，与extra“额外的”意思相近。
2．D 从第三段的第一、二句得知，二氧化碳、氧气和水蒸气都能从气孔中通过，唯一一个没有提到的是food“养分、食物”，因此该题选D项。
3．A 文章通篇都在讲Photosynthesis，即光合作頌钠作用和重要性，文章结尾又重申了Photosynthesisisessentialforlifeonourplanet，因此选A项。
B项是光合作用的一个部分，C、D项则毫不相干。
4．A 文章先是介绍了进行光合作用所需的原料和组织，又介绍了光合作用的过程，因此整个逻辑应该是解释过程，而不是讲故事或比较对比。
D项是“向读者说明植物的重要性”，这确实是文章的一个目的，但不是文章的组织方式。
5．C 文章的主题是光合作用的基本原理，因此选项C。
A、B项在文中有提及，但不是主旨，D项与本文无关。
理工C补全短文新增文章
第五篇
ARecord-BreakingRover
NASA’sMarsroverOpportunityhasboldlygonewherenoroverhasgonebefore—atleastintermsofdistance.____1____
OnJuly27,afteryearsofmovingaboutonMartianground,thegolf-cart-sizedOpportunityhaddrivenmorethan24miles,beatingthepreviousrecordholder—aSovietroversenttothemoonin1973.
“ThisissoremarkableconsideringOpportunitywasintendedtodriveabout1kilometerandwasneverdesignedfordistance,”saysJohnCallas,theMarsExplorationRoverProjectManager.
____2____“Butwhatisreallyimportantlyisnothowmanymilestheroverhasrackedup,buthowmuchexplorationanddiscoverywehaveaccomplishedoverthatdistance.”
OPPORTUNITY
Thesolar-poweredOpportunityanditstwinrover,Spirit,landedonMars10yearsagoonamissionexpectedtolast3months.____3____
SpiritstoppedcommunicatingwithEarthinMarch2010,afewmonthsafteritgotstuckinasandpit.ButOpportunityhascontinuedtocollectandanalyzeMartiansoilandrocks.
Duringitsmission,Opportunityhascaptured,andsentbacktoEarth,some187,000panoramicandmicroscopicimagesofMarswithitscameras.____4____
MARATHONROVER
Theroverdoesn’tseemtobereadytostopjustyet.IfOpportunitycancontinueon,itwillreachanothermajorinvestigationsitewhenitsodometerhits26.2miles.____5____
ResearchersbelievethatclaymineralsexposednearMarathonValleycouldholdcluestoMars’sancientenvironment1.Opportunity’scontinuingtravelswillalsohelpresearchersastheyplanforaneventualhumanmissiontotheRedPlanet.
Marsrovern.火星车
panoramicadj.全景的
odometern.里程计
rackupv.积累
microscopicadj.微观的
1．couldholdcluestoMars’sancientenvironment：
含有与火星早期环境有关的线索。
A Ithasalsoprovidedscientistswithdataontheplanet’satmosphere,soil,rocks,andterrain.
B HeworksatNASA’sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,California.
C ScientistscallthissiteMarathonValley,becausewhentheroverreachesthearea,itwillhavetraveledthesamedistanceasthelengthofamarathonsinceitsarrivalonMars.
D OpportunityhasbeenworkingonMarssinceJanuary2004.
E Theobjectiveoftheroverswastohelpscientistslearnmoreabouttheplanetandtosearchforsignsoflife，suchasthepossiblepresenceofwater.
F SincearrivingontheRedPlanetin2004,Opportunityhastraveled25.01miles,morethananyotherwheeledvehiclehasonanotherworld.
1．F 前文讲“机遇号”在距离上比之前的任何漫游车行进的距离都长，因此接下来应该讨论关于行进距离的问题。
2．B 前文引入了一个新人物JohnCallas，而后文是他说的一些话，因此这里应该填写的内容是对这个人的进一步介绍。
3．E 前文讲了同时被送入太空的两台漫游车“机遇号”和“勇气号”，因此下文应该对它们的情况进行介绍，而关于发射目的的介绍在这里是合适的。
4．A 前文讲到“机遇号”给地面传回了许多照片，而选项A中讲到它还给地面传回了许多其他信息，在这里是一致的。
5．C 前文讲漫游车在行进到26.2英里的时候会到达一个地点，而后文提到了马拉松谷这个地方，因此这里应该是关于这个地点的介绍。
理工B阅读理解新增文章
*第二十二篇
RealWorldRobots
Whenyouthinkofarobot,doyouenvisionashiny,metallicdevicehavingthesamegeneralshapeasahumanbeing,performinghumanlikefunctions,andrespondingtoyourquestionsinamonotonevoiceaccentuatedbyhigh-pitchedtonesandbeeps?
Thisisthewaymanyofusimaginearobot,butintherealworld,arobotisnothumanoidatall.Insteadarobotoftenisavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatefficientlycarriesoutrepetitiveordangerousfunctionsusuallyperformedbyhumans.Today’srobotismorethananautomaticmachinethatperformsonetaskagainandagain.Amodernrobotisprogrammedwithvaryingdegreesofartificialintelligence—thatis,arobotcontainsacomputerprogramthattellsithowtoperformtasksassociatedwithhumanintelligence,suchasreasoning,drawingconclusions,andlearningfrompastexperience.
Arobotdoesnotpossessahumanshapeforthesimplereasonthatatwo-leggedrobothasgreatdifficultyremainingbalanced.Arobotdoes,however,movefromplacetoplaceonwheelsandaxlesthatrollandrotate.Arobotevenhaslimbsthatswivelandmoveincombinationwithjointsandmotors.Tofinditswayinitssurroundings1,arobotutilizesvariousbuilt-insensors.Antennaeattachedtotherobot’sbasedetectanythingtheybumpinto.Iftherobotstartstoteeterasitmovesonanincline,agyroscopeorapenduluminsideitsensestheverticaldifferential.Todetermineitsdistancefromanobjectandhowquicklyitwillreachtheobject，therobotbouncesbeamsoflaserlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath2.Theseandothersensorsconstantlyfeedinformationtothecomputer,whichthenanalyzestheinformationandcorrectsoradjuststherobot’sactions.Asscienceandtechnologyadvance,therobottoowillprogressinitsfunctionsanduseofartificial-intelligenceprograms.
envisionv.想象，预想
devicen.装置
accentuatev.强调，重读
artificialintelligencen.人工智能
limbn.臂
antennaen.天线
inclinev.倾斜
pendulumn.钟摆
ultrasonicadj.超声的
metallicadj.金属的
monotonen.单调的
humanoidadj.像人的
axlen.轮轴
rotatev.旋转
swiveln.旋转
teeterv.摇晃
gyroscopen.陀螺仪，回转仪
verticaln.直立的
1．Tofinditswayinitssurroundings...：
为了在周围找到路……
2．therobotbouncesbeamsoflaserlightandultrasonicsoundwavesoffobstructionsinitspath：
机器人发射激光束和超声波，反射到障碍物上（以此来探知路径）。
1．Anothergoodtitleforthispassagewouldbe____________
ARobots:
TakingthePlaceofHumans.
BArtificialIntelligencePrograms.
CToday’sRobotsandHowTheyFunction.
DModern-DaySensors.
2．Artificialintelligenceis____________
Atheunnaturalwayinwhichrobotsmove.
Bavoiceless,box-shapedmachinethatperformsrepetitivetasks.
Csensorssuchasantennaeandagyroscope.
Dacomputerprogramthatimitateshumanintellectualprocesses.
3．Thelastparagraphsuggeststhatfuturerobotswillbe____________
Amorehumanlikeinbehaviorandactions.
Bmorelikeautomaticmachines.
Cbetterabletomoveoninclines.
Dbetterequippedwithlaserlightsensors.
4．Thewriterbeginsthepassagebycomparing____________
Atheshapeofahumanbeingwithabox.
Bamodemrobotwithafictionalrobot.
Canimaginarymachinewithahuman.
Dacomputerprogramwithartificialintelligence.
5．Thewordhumanoidmeans____________
Alackinghumancharacteristics.
Banythinghavingtheappearanceofahumanoid.
Cbeingvoidorv
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