专业英语自考试题 15文档格式.docx

专业英语自考试题 15文档格式.docx

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A.confidenceB.frankness

C.carelessnessD.ignorance

2.Thefinalcomponentofthestrategicmanagementprocessis___________.

A.strategicanalysisB.strategicassessment

C.strategicformulationD.strategiccontrol

3.The___________approachattemptedtobuildspecificproceduresandprocessesintooperationstoensurecoordinationofeffort.

A.systematicmanagementB.scientificmanagement

C.administrativemanagementD.humanrelations

4.Goodresearchersalwaysspecifytheconditionsunderwhichtheirconclusionsseemtobe___________.

A.formalB.official

C.uselessD.valid

5.Morethananyothergroup,the___________representthehoteltoitsguests.

A.managersB.housekeepers

C.deskclerkD.safeguards

6.Economicsisusuallydefinedintermsof___________,asituationinwhichthereisnotenoughofsomethingtomeeteveryone'

swants.

A.scarcityB.utility

C.validityD.availability

7.Fordownwardcommunication,managersshouldprovide___________informationtotheirsubordinates.

A.allB.relevant

C.insufficientD.certain

8.Themajordifferencebetweenrestaurantsandcateringbusinessintheirwayofoperationis___________.

A.thekindoffoodB.thepremiseofbusiness

C.thetypeofserviceD.thelocationofservice

9.Theclassicalapproachesinmanagementincludethefollowingexcept___________.

A.bureaucracyB.publicrelations

C.administrativemanagementD.scientificmanagement

10.Thepriceofonecurrencyintermsofanotheriscalleda（n）___________.

A.interestrateB.exchangerate

C.interchangerateD.currencyrate

Ⅱ.ClozeTest（10points,1pointforeachitem）下列短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选

项，根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。

（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）

Themostimportanttheoryabouthowpeopleinterprettheiroutcomesisequitytheory.Equitytheoryproposesthatwhenpeopleassesshowfairlytheyweretreated,theyconsidertwokeyfactors:

outcomesandinputs.11,asinexpectancytheory,refertothevariousthingstheemployeereceivesonthejob:

12,pay,benefits,satisfaction,security,jobassignments,punishments,andsoforth.Inputsrefertothe13theemployeemakestotheorganization:

effort,time,talent,performance,extracommitment,goodcitizenship,andsoforth.Peoplehaveageneralexpectationthattheoutcomestheyreceivewillreflect,orbe14to,theinputstheyprovide—afairday'

spayforafairday'

swork.

Butthiscomparisonofoutcomestoinputsisnotthewhole15.Peoplealsopayattentiontotheoutcomesandinputsothersreceive.Equitytheorysuggeststhatpeoplecomparethe16oftheirownoutcomestoinputsagainsttheoutcome-to-inputratioofsomecomparisonperson.The17personcanbeaco-worker,aboss,oranimpersonalitem.Iftheratiosareequivalent,peoplebelievetherelationshipis18,orfair.Equitycausespeopletobesatisfiedwiththeirtreatment.Butthepersonwhobelieveshisorherratiois19thanothers'

willfeelinequitablytreated.Inequitycausesdissatisfactionandleadstoanattemptto20balancetotherelationship.

11.A.InputsB.ResultsC.OutcomesD.Rewards

12.A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizedD.recognition

13.A.conditionsB.distributionsC.contributionsD.reasons

14.A.proportionateB.outofproportionC.disproportionateD.acceptable

15.A.fictionB.novelC.storyD.history

16.A.rateB.rationalC.rationD.ratio

17.A.comparableB.comparativeC.comparisonD.compare

18.A.equitableB.equalC.equalityD.equivalent

19.A.moreB.higherC.lowerD.fewer

20.A.alternateB.innovateC.returnD.restore

Ⅲ.ReadingComprehension（30points,2pointsforeachitem）阅读下列短文，根据短文，在每个问题后所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。

（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）

PassageOne

Amoreseriousproblemplaguingtravelagentsasaresultofderegulation,however,hasbeenitsimpactontheairlineindustry.Deregulation,asitwasintended,hasledtoopencompetition,which,inturn,hasledtovariousformsofairlinepricewarsondomesticroutes.Withnumerousdiscountticketprograms,almostallofwhichhaverestrictions,frequentflyerprogramsofferingfreetravelbonusesalsosubjecttocertainrestrictionsanddailychangingratestructures,itisnotsurprisingtofindtravelagentsalmostasconfusedasthetravelersthemselves.Whatisworsefortravelagentsisthefactthatanincreasinglylargevolumeofsalesofhighlydiscountedticketsisrequiredtoproduceevensmallyields.Oftenthecostofservicetoselladiscountedticketwillexceedthecommissionearned.

Thetrendtowardbecomingafranchiseeorjoiningacooperativetravelgroupcontinuestogrow,sinceindependentsdonotenjoytheoverridecommissionsnegotiatedbythelargetravelcompanieswithcarriers.Theseoverridescanamounttoanadditional5percentcommission,andcanincreasethetravelagent'

sprofitbyupto50percent.

Theindependenttravelagencywithnoaffiliationisfadingaway,replacedbymega-agenciesandfranchiseagreements.Theindependentagencycansurvivebyjoiningacooperativemarketingserviceoraconsortiumofagenciesthatisnecessarytonegotiatetheoverrideenjoyedbythefranchisedandmega-agency.Notonlydotheconsortiumsprovideoverrideenhancement,theyofferhelpwithsecuringbonds,corporateratesfromhotels,mutualpurchasingandinsuranceplans,andmembereducationalplans.Travelagenciesnormallyareopenfivedaysaweekbutaconsortiumorfranchisercansetup24-hour,7-day-a-weekservice.

Travelagencyownersmustreviewtheirmarketpositionfromtimetotimeandemphasizesalesthatproducethehighestprofit.Sometravelagencyownershavedecidedtosellonlytoursorcruises,highticketitems.Othersdeveloptheirowntours.Businessopportunitiesrequirestaffwithprofessionalknowledgeofmarketcompetition.

21.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofderegulation?

A.LessdomesticroutesB.Airlinepricewars

C.MorefrequentflyersD.Increasingtourismsales

22.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaboutairtravelers?

A.Theygetfreetravelbonuseswithoutrestrictions

B.Theyareconfused

C.Theyarenotinfluencedbydailychangingratestructures

D.Theygetthediscountedticketsfromtravelagentsonly

23.Theindependentagencywillhaveto___________tosurvive.

A.putmoreadvertisementstoselltickets

B.providetrainingcourseforemployeestoincreasesells

C.worklongerhoursandmoredaysinaweek

D.becomeamemberofaconsortium

24.Whydotheindependentagencieshavetojoinacooperativetravelgrouportobecomeafranchisee?

A.Theycansellmoreticketsatanormalprice.

B.Theycangetlowerticketdiscountfromairlines.

C.Theycanattractmoretouristsbasedontheadvertisements.

D.Theycanenjoytheoverridecommissions.

25.Whichofthefollowingisnotthehelpprovidedbyaconsortium?

A.Mutualsalesplans

B.Membereducationalplans

C.Corporateratesfromhotels

D.Overrideenhancement

PassageTwo

Animportantstatementofhowpeoplemakechoicesisthesubjectivelyexpectedutility（SEU）model.Thismodelstatesthatindividualschoosetheoptionthattheysubjectivelybelievewillhavethehighestvalue,orutility.Inthesimplestcase,SEU=（p×

u）.

SEUisthesubjectivelyexpectedutility,orvalue,ofanalternative;

pistheprobabilitythatagivenconsequencewilloccur;

anduistheutilityoftheoutcome.Accordingtothemodel,peoplewillchoosethealternativethathasthehighestSEU（value）andrejectalternativesoflesservalue.Thisisrational,maximizingchoice.

Considerasimpleexample.Acompanyisconsideringanacquisitionandhasnarroweditschoicetotwofirms.Manyfactorsmustbeconsidered,includingthetargetcompanies'

currentfinancialstrengths,managementteams,productlines,andphysicalassets.ManagementconcludesthattheoutcomeofowningCompanyAhasautility（u）of.80andthatofowningCompanyBhasautilityof.60.Inotherwords,bothcompanieshavesomeappeal,butAismoreattractivethanB.However,managementexpectsCompanyAtofightthetakeoverandthusperceivesonlya.30probabilityofsuccessfullyacquiringCompanyA.Ontheotherhand,managementexpectsan.80probabilityofasuccessfulacquisitionofCompanyB.

TheSEUvaluesforthetwocoursesofactionare.24（.80×

.30）forCompanyAand.48（.60×

.80）forCompanyB.EventhoughAismoreattractive,theSEUmodelpredictsthatBwillbechosenoverA.Thisisbecause,giventhedifferentprobabilitiesofsuccess,managementsubjectivelyexpectsabetterfinaloutcomeonabidforCompanyB.

26.TheSEUmodelstateshowpeople___________.

A.makechoicesB.makesolutions

C.evaluatedecisionsD.identifyproblems

27.IntheSEUmodel,“p”is___________.

A.anoccurrence

B.theprobabilityofanoccurrence

C.theoutcome

D.theutilityoftheoutcome

28.Theword“acquisition”inthe2ndsentenceofthe3rdparagraphcanbereplacedby___________.

A.expectationB.possession

C.explorationD.generation

29.Thefactorsthatmustbeconsideredaboutthetargetcompaniesincludeallthefollowingexcept___________.

A.financialstatusB.productlines

C.employeeteamsD.physicalassets

30.Intheexample,CompanyBwillbechosenbecauseithas___________.

A.ahigherutilitythanCompanyA

B.alowerutilitythanCompanyA

C.ahigherprobabilityofbeingsuccessfullyacquired

D.alowerprobabilityofbeingsuccessfullyacquired

P