高考英语写作之图表作文.doc
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图表类作文模板句型
As can be seen from/in the chart/diagram/table/graph... 从表格/图形中我们可以看到……
According to /As is shown in the Table /Figure/Chart...如表格/图表中显示…… It can be seen from the chart/diagram/table/graph/figures/statistics that... 从表格/图表/数据中我们可以看到……
From the table/figures/data/results/information above, it can/may be seen/concluded/shown/estimated/calculated/inferred that... 从以上的表格/图表/数据/结果/信息中，我们可以看到/总结/预测/计算/得出……
The table shows the changes in the number of...over the period from...to... 该表格描述了在……年之……年间……数量的变化。
As can be seen from the graph, the two curves show the fluctuation of...如图所示，两条曲线描述了……的波动情况。
The pie charts show the changes on... in some place in 2000. 此饼形图显示了2000年一些地方……的变化。
The table shows a three times increase over that of last year. 表格显示比去年上升了3倍。
The number is 5 times as much as that of... 此数字是……的5倍。
It has increased by three times as compared with that of ... 同……相比，增长了3倍。
The figure of A is about twice as much as that of B. A的数字是B的两倍。
A has the highest sales figure in the three departments, followed by B and C. 在3个部门中，A的销售额最高，其次是B和C。
The rise lasted for two weeks and then began to level off in August. 上升两个星期后，8月份开始平稳。
It accounts for 30% of the total population. 占到总人口的30%。
The number of students has reached 500, indicating a rise of 20%, compared to last semester. 学生人数达到500人，与上个学期相比上升了20%。
It picked up speed at the end of this month. 这个月底加快了速度。
from this year on，there was a gradual declined reduction in the..., reaching a figure of... 从这年起，……逐渐下降至……
There are a lot of similarities/differences between...and... ……与……之间有许多相似（不同）之处
It can be drawn from the chart that the proportions of A and B are going down, though the falling level of the latter is a lot lower/higher than that of the former. 尽管B的下降速度比A要慢/快，从表中我们可以看到A和B的比例都在下降。
The increase/decrease is more noticeable during the second half of the 5year period. 在5年期限的后半段，增长/降低比较明显。
It falls from 50% in 2000 to 30% in 2004, and then the trend reverse, finishing at 58% in 2005. 从2000年的50%降到2004年的30%，然后形势逆转，2005年达到了58%。
写作详细指导
图表作文至少包含描述图表与解释原因两个部分，而当前的图表作文大多还有第三个段落。
图表作文的规律性很强，不像图画式作文那样富于变化。
1．首段的写作
图表作文有表格（table）、柱形图（bar chart）、饼状图（pie chart）和折线图（diagram）之分，后三种都属于图表的范畴（chart）。
不管是chart还是table，都需要进行描述，一般放在文章的第一部分，长度宜适中。
描述数据我们要首先看看是几个变量（A），每个变量有几个数据（B），不妨以A*B表示。
如果只有一个变量，有三个数据，可以描述如下：
From the chart we can see clearly that the average number of hours a student spends on Internet per week has increased from less than two hours in 1998 to nearly four hours in 2000, and then to 20 hours in 2004.
如果是最常见的是2*3的情形，可以描述如下：
From the chart, we can see clearly that in a big city in China, state-owned houses declined from 75% in 1990 to 60% in 1995 and then to 20% in 2000, while private houses rose from 25% to 40% and then to 80% during the same period.
这里用了while引起从句来突显对比，是一种非常好的办法，如果用两句话来描述，也完全可以。
如果是1*n（n>3）的情形，将头与尾描述出来即可，比较好的方法就是在句中描述最后一个与第一个相比变化了多少。
碰到多变量、每个变量多数据的情形，大家应首先进行分类，分成上升、下降两类，或者上升、下降、不变三类，这样问题就迎刃而解了。
2． 第二段的写作
第二段是解释原因的段落。
我们谈谈两个问题。
首先是过渡句这个问题。
这里不大可能放在第一段，因为第一段不可能像某些命题作文那样简洁（如只有一句）——例如提纲式作文中的批驳类文章中除第二段首句批驳之外还有首段末句批驳，效果很强烈。
其次就是此段的主题句（topic sentence）的问题。
此句或主观或客观，并无拘束，只要上下文风格统一即可。
主观：
We believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon. I believe that three reasons can account for this phenomenon.
In my mind, the reasons why the overseas students are on the rise are as follows.
主观之变体（使用插入语，突显主语）：
Three reasons, we believe, can account for this phenomenon. Three reasons, I believe, can account for this phenomenon.
Three reasons, I firmly believe, can account for this phenomenon.
注意:
插入语的使用属于看似平淡却极富功力的技巧，可以达到很好的效果。
主观之变体（使用插入语）：
Three reasons, in my mind, can account for this phenomenon.
客观：
Several reasons can account for this phenomenon.
在主题句之后，可以使用连接词分两个、三个或四个方面来写，其中分三个方面来写最为常见。
这里就与普通的说明文与议论文一样了——可以由最重要的到最不重要的，也可以由最不重要的到最重要的，也可能平行分布，依具体情况而定，不一而足。
3． 第三段的写作
第三段直接写结论的情况已基本没有了。
如果这篇文章讲的是一个令人担忧的问题，那么这一段写解决办法的可能性最大。
如果这篇文章讲的是一个好的变化，那么这一段很可能是两种情况——可能写负面的影响或存在的问题，或者写未来趋势或发展方向。
注意事项
写图表作文，并不是单纯的用语言文字把图表里的所有数字信息一一摊摆，逐条列出，而是利用这些数据，经常还得筛选，将该图表所要说明的主要问题阐述清楚。
就这个意义上说，图表作文属于说明文。
如果图表信息是用来论证某一观点，则图表作文属于议论文。
因此，图表作文在结构处理和写法上与说明文或议论文是相同的。
它通常必须
1. 用一个主题句或引言段，综述全图表的中心信息（也就是考生在审阅图表后形成的结论）。
2. 列举三组左右的相关数据来说明或证实主题句或引言段所提及的要点。
分析产生这一图表结论的原因或联想推测可能引起的后果。
范文
（一）
A recent survey analyzed the change in number of film-goers and TV watchers in X city. As is shown by the graph, there has been a sharp decline in the number of film-goers during the period from 1992 to 2002, adding up to 20,000 in 2002. On the other hand, the number of TV watchers has steadily increase in the last decade, reaching 150,000 in 2002. Finally, it is interesting to note that there were as many film-goers as TV watchers in year 1998.
There might be two reasons, I think, for the change. Firstly, TV is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but a comparatively cheap one. There is no point in arranging transport. And one needn’t pay for expensive seats at the cinema. Secondly, TV makes it possible for one to keep track of current events and the latest developments in science and technology. As a consequence, most people prefer to stay at home, watching TV, rather than go out to the cinema, which wastes both time and money.
Personally, there are still a lot of people who enjoy watching films. They argue that the film is a fascinating form of art. Sitting comfortably in the cinema, one can appreciate the latest movies, which will usually be shown on TV far later on. Therefore, I trust the number of film-goers will be on the rise in the future.
范文
（二）：
What is shown in the table above indicates that dramatic changes have taken place in the daily expenses in Xi’an from 1995 to 1999. The expenses on food have declined by 30% while those on clothing and recreation have increased respectively by 9% and 7%.
There are two factors accounting for these changes. In the first place, the risen income resulting from economic growth plays a vital role in the less expense on food. In the second place, when food presents no worry to the average, people begin to focus more of their interest on handsome appearance and happy leisure time. As a result of such a shift, spending on clothing and recreation increases year by year.
From the analyses made above, with the further growth in economy and more changes in life style, the tendency indicated in the table will continue in the better direction.
高考英语书面表达练习——图表作文（格式与范例）
作文一
假如你是李华，在最近的研究性学习当中，受《21世纪中学生英语报》（The21stCentury）之邀，你对你所在的班60名同学（男女各半）进行了上网目的的调查。
现将调查结果（如下表所示）用英语给报社的编辑写一封信，报道此事，以引起舆论的关注，并提出你的观点和建议。
注意：
1、报道应包括图表所示全部内容，可适度发挥。
2、文章的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
3、词数：
150
4、参考词汇：
调查：
makeasurvey
Deareditor，
Ihaverecentlymadeasurveyamong30boysand30girlsinmyCLASsabouttheirpurposeofgettingontheInternet._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[思路点拨]
题材：
书信；说明+议论
时态：
一般现在时
人称：
第三人称
要点提示：
（１）上网的目的；（２）读新闻； （３）发送邮件；（４）聊天；（５）学习；（６）玩游戏；（７）评语
篇章结构：
文章可分两段
［文采修饰］
连接词的选用：
but,both…,and,moreover,otherwise
高级词汇的选用：
keepintouchwith,asfor…,use…as…,benefitfrom,payattentionto,altogether,inone’sopinion.
复杂句型的选用：
what…most引导的主语从句；as引导的让步状语从句；倒装语序等。
范文：
Deareditor,
Ihaverecentlymadeasurveyamong30boysand30girlsinmyCLASsabouttheirpurposeofgettingontheInternet.
Thegirls’favoriteischatting,butfewboyslikeit.Whattheboysliketodomostisplayinggamesandthegirlsalsolikeit.Bothboysandgirlsliketoreadnewsorsende-mailsontheInternet.Maybetheythinkit’sthemostconvenientwaytogetinformationfromkeepingintouchwithfriends.Asforstudying,thenumbersofboysandgirlsareequal,butaltogetheronlyseveralofthemwillusetheInternetasatooltostudy.
Inmyopinion,usefulastheInternetis,thestudentshadbettermakebetterandwiseuseofit.Otherwise,it’simpossibleforustobenefitfromit.Moreover,IalsohopetheparentswillpayenoughattentiontotheirchildrenusingtheInternetintheirsparetime.
Yours，
LiHua
作文二
下列表格为某市1996年与2006年人们度假方式的情况比较，请按表格内容写一篇150词左右的短文，并对度假方式变化原因加以简要评析。
年度
1996
2006
原因
境外旅游
11%
22%
收入增加
海边度假
38%
31%
海水污染
爬山野营
11%
34%
回归自然
Thewaypeoplespendtheirholidayschangedalotfrom1996to2006.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
思路点拨：
1、体裁：
比较对照类
2、时态：
一般过去时（发表评论时可用一般现在时）
3、人称：
第三人称
4、篇章结构：
分三段
范文：
Thewaypeoplespendtheirholidayschangedalotfrom1996to2006.
Thetableshowsthatagreaternumberofpeoplespenttheirholidaystravelingabroadin2006.Therateof2006（22%）doubledthatof1996（11%）.Weare
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