最新 高中英语阅读理解社会文化试题有答案和解析.docx

最新 高中英语阅读理解社会文化试题有答案和解析.docx

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最新高中英语阅读理解社会文化试题有答案和解析

最新高中英语阅读理解（社会文化）试题（有答案和解析）

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   March21hasbeendeclaredWorldSleepDay,atimetorecognizeandcelebratethevalueofsleep.Manysleepexpertshopeitwillbeawake-upcall.

   Accordingtoapoll（民意调查）bytheNationalSleepFoundation,nearly4in5Americansdon'tgetasmuchsleepastheyshouldduringtheworkweek.Onaverage,adultsarethoughttoneedatleasteighthoursofsleepanight,althoughsomecanmanagewithlessandsomewon'tdowellwithoutmore.Butthesurveyfoundthat,onweekdays,only21%ofAmericansactuallygetafulleighthoursofsleep,andanother21%getlessthansixhours.

   Tomanyofus,thethoughtofspendingmoretimesleepingis,well,abigyawn.Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.Andthosearejustafewoftheadvantagesthatcanbeoursifweconsistentlygetenoughsleep,researcherssay.Alsoontheplusside:

We'relikelytohavebetterskin,bettermemories,betterjudgment,and,oh,yes,longerlives.

   “Whenyouloseevenonehourofsleepforanyreason,itinfluencesyourperformancethenextday,”saysDr.AlonAvidan,directoroftheUCLASleepDisordersCenter.

   Astudypublishedlastyearfoundthesametobetrueevenofchildren.Whenkidsaged8to12sleptforjustonehourlessforfournights,theydidn'tfunctionaswellduringtheday.

   Butsleepinghasanimageproblem.“Weseenappingorsleepingaslazy,”saysJenniferVriend,aclinicalpsychologistinOttawa,Canada,andtheleadingauthorofthestudywithchildren.“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.Infact,”sheadds,“nomatterhowmuchweworkout,nomatterhowwellweeat,wecan'tbeintopphysicalshapeunlesswealsogetplentyofsleep.”

（1）TheunderlinedpartinParagraph1means     .

A. wakingupthesleepers                                    B. drawingpeople'sattention

C. servingasamorningcall                                

D. declaringthespecialday

（2）FromParagraph3wecaninferthat     .

A. beinghealthierisoneoftheadvantagesforus

B. sleepinghasnothingtodowithone'sexpectations

C. enoughsleepistheguaranteeoftheappealingthings

D. spendingmoretimeinsleepingisawasteoftime

（3）WhatJenniferVriendsaidinthelastparagraphimpliesthat     .

A. peoplecarelittleaboutsleeping                    

B. sleepingisanimageproblem

C. lazypeopletendtosleeplong                       

D. sleepingisonlypartofourlife

（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A. Totalkaboutpeople'ssleepingproblems.

B. Toprovideaninvestigationresultofsleeping.

C. Tostressthefunctionofsleepingatnight.

D. Toarousetheawarenessofenoughsleep.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，充足的睡眠对我们非常重要,为了引起人们的足够重视,3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日。

（1）考查词义猜测。

此处指,睡眠专家希望3月21日被宣布为世界睡眠日这件事会引起人们对睡眠的重视。

由此可知,awake-upcall含有警钟的意思。

与B项表述的意思相近,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我们更聪明、更苗条、更健康、更快乐等,这些都是有吸引力的事情。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.”可知,人们注重饮食、营养和锻炼,不很重视睡眠。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

这篇文章旨在让人们意识到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人们关注睡眠问题。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   TheBritishliveonasmallisland.Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.Afterthedevelopmentoflarge,oceangoingsailingshipsinthefifteenthcentury,theseabecameevenmoreimportanttothecountry'sdevelopment.ShipssettingsailfromEnglanddeterminedtoextendBritain'sterritories,itswealthanditsknowledgeoftheworld.ShipsreturnedtoEnglandbringinggoods,peopleandnewideasfromforeignplaces.Bythenineteenthcentury,Britainhadthelargest,mostpowerfulnavyintheworld.

   ThegreatsailingshipsweresomuchapartofBritishlifethattheyevenaffectedthelanguage.ManyEnglishexpressionsweusetodaywereoriginallynautical（航海的）terms,althoughmostpeoplenolongerrealizethis.Forexample,peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing"aboveboard".Thisexpressionwasoriginallyusedinsailingshiptimeswhensecretive,dishonestship'sbusinesswouldbecarriedoutbelowdecks（belowtheboards）outofpublicview.Ontheotherhand,honestbusinesswasalwaysconductedondeck（abovetheboards）,intheopenwhereeveryonecouldseewhatwasgoingon.

   "Pipedown!

",meaning"Bequiet!

",isanothercommonexpressionthathasnauticalorigins.Theship'sboatswain（水手长）wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate（表明）tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.

   MostnativeEnglishspeakershaveheardtheexpression"notenoughroomtoswingacat",butfewknowthatthe"cat"doesnotrefertoasmallfurryanimalwithfourlegsandatail.The"cat"isactuallyashortformof"catofninetails"—awhipwithnine,knotted（打结的）tails.Aboatswainneededalotofspaceinordertoswingthewhipproperlywhenlashing（鞭打）apoorsailorunderhiscontrol!

（1）TheBritishhavebeenstronglyinfluencedbytheseabecause________.

A. theyoccupiedmorelandaroundtheworld       

B. theygotmorewealthfromthesea

C. theyliveonanislandsurroundedbythesea     

D. theyhadthelargestnavyever

（2）Ifsomeoneisopenandaboveboard,itmeansheis________.

A. secretive                           

B. honest                           

C. cheerful                           

D. dishonest

（3）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A. Sailorsneedtogotosleepwhentheyhearawhistle.

B. Sailorswillbewhippediftheydobusinessbelowdecks.

C. Apoorsailormaybewhippedninetimesaday.

D. Thereisnospareroomtoraisecatsonships.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A. ThebusinessonBritishsailingships.

B. TheinfluenceofBritishsailors'languageonEnglish.

C. ThesailinghistoryofEngland.

D. ThesailingstoryofBritishsailors.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，英国作为一个岛国，四周环海，海洋在英国人的生活中起着重要的作用。

英国曾有着强大的海军。

一直以来，水手们经常使用的一些航海术语丰富并影响着英语这门语言。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Theyaresurroundedbythesea,soitisnotsurprisingthattheseahasalwaysplayedanimportantroleintheirlives.”可知，英国被海洋环绕，海对英国人的生活影响很大。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“…peoplecommonlydescribeanhonestandfairbusinessdealasbeing“aboveboard”可知，如果”一个诚实公正的人就会被认为是'aboveboard'”。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Theship'sboatswain（水手长）wouldblowawhistle,orpipe,attheendofthedaytoindicate（表明）tothesailorsitwastimetoquietendownandgotosleep.”可知船上的水手长会在一天结束的时候吹口哨或吹笛子，向水手们表示应该安静下来睡觉了。

故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

第一段介绍英国是一个受到海洋影响的国家，四周环海，航海在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。

以此引入主题即水手们在航行时使用的一些航海术语对英语这门语言所产生的影响。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Amusicfestivalisacommunityeventfocusingonliveperformancesofsingingandinstrumentplayingthatisoftenpresentedwithatheme.Onthelistarethemusicfestivalsforfansaroundtheworld.Findyourfavoritenow!

   FieldDay

   January1,2018.Sydney

   FieldPaymeansNewYear'sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.Seenasthecity'soriginalmulti－stageparty,,it'sagatheringoffriendscomingtogetherforagreatfun-filledfirstdayoftheyear.There'sanairofhopeandpositiveenergyonaperfectsummer'sday.

   TheEnvisionFestival

   February22–25,2018,Uvita

   TheEnvisionFestivalisanannualgatheringinCostaRicathataimstoprovidean

opportunityfordifferentculturestoworkwithoneanothertocreateabettercommunity.Thefestivalencouragespeopletopracticeart,music,danceperformances,andeducation.Meanwhile,ourconnectionwithnatureisexpectedtobestrengthened.

   TheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival

   March2-4,2018,Phoenix

   TheMcDowellMountainMusicFestivalisPhoenix、musicalcelera,onofcommunityculture.Sinceitsfoundingin2004fitistheonly100%non–profitmusicfestivaldesignedtosupport,entertainandeducatethecommunity.Thefestivalattractsthousandsofvisitorseachyearfromaroundthecountry,anditisanopportunitytoexperiencetrueculture.

   TheOldSettler'sMusicFestival

   April19-22,2018,Dale

   TheOldSettler'sMusicFestivalisanationallyknownmusicfestivalforAmericanmusic.ThefestivalisheldinthecountryofTexasattheheightofthewildflowerseason.TheOldSettler'sMusicFestivaloffersgreatmusicandactivitiesforthewholefamily.

（1）InwhichcitycanpeopleenjoyafunNewYear'sDay?

A. Phoenix                                

B. Uvita.                                

C. Sydney                                

D. Dale

（2）WhatisspecialabouttheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival?

A. Itencouragespeopletoreceiveeducation.             B. Itisnotaimedatmakingmoney.

C. Itprovidesanopportunityforfriendgathering.     

D. Itfocusesonculturalexchanges.

（3）Whichfestivalsareconnectedwithnature?

A. FieldDayandtheEnvisionFestival.

B. TheEnvisionFestivalandtheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.

C. TheOldSettler'sMusicFestivalandtheMcDowllMcDowellMountainMusicFestival.

D. TheEnvisionFestivalandtheOldSettler'sMusicFestival.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了世界各地的四个受欢迎的音乐节：

讲述了节日举行的时间和节日特色。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据FieldDay部分中的“FieldPaymeansNewYear'sDayforyoungpeopleinSydney.”可知，FieldDay对于年轻人来说意味着新年，因此人们在悉尼能够享受有趣的新年。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据TheMcDowellMountainMusicFestival部分中的“Sinceitsfoundingin2004fitistheonly100%non-profitmusicfestivaldesigned