20届高考英语二轮 专题2 阅读理解第2节 推理判断题 2观点态度题.docx

20届高考英语二轮 专题2 阅读理解第2节 推理判断题 2观点态度题.docx

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20届高考英语二轮专题2阅读理解第2节推理判断题2观点态度题

二、观点态度题

（2019·北京，C）

Theproblemofrobocallshasgottensobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfromnumberstheydon’tknow.Bynextyear，halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺诈）．Wearefinallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools，appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately，it’stoolittle，toolate.Bythetimethese“solutions”（解决方案）becomewidelyavailable，scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture，it’snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyourscreenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou’rehearingisactuallyreal.

That’sbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulation（处理）andautomationtechnologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailableforanyonetouse.Atthisyear’sI/OConference，acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghumansoundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdatabreaches（数据侵入）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasilylearnyourmother’sname，andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge，they’reabletocarryoutindividuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeans，forexample，thatascammercouldcallyoufromwhatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyourbankteller’s，trickingyouinto“confirming”youraddress，mother’sname，andcardnumber.Scammersfollowmoney，socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstilldoneoverthephone，andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voicemanipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersandconsumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages，showingwhenandwhotheyweremadeby，orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowardsdatabasedcommunications—usingappslikeFaceTimeorWhatsApp，whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose，andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfromhereonout.

38．Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?

A．Panicked.B．Confused.

C．Embarrassed.D．Disappointed.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据第一段中的“Unfortunately，it’stoolittle，toolate.Bythetimethese‘solutions’（解决方案）becomewidelyavailable，scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可知这些措施太少，也太晚，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段。

由此可推知，作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望，故D项正确。

39．Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies，scammerscan.

A．aimatvictimspreciselyB．damagedatabaseseasily

C．startcampaignsrapidlyD．spreadinformationwidely

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段的第二句“Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.”可知，骚扰电话让人头疼的原因是它能准确地获取受害人的信息，故A项正确。

40．Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A．Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B．Technologiescanbedoubleedged.

C．Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.

D．Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段可知，新技术可以给人们带来便利，第三段论述了这一技术让不法分子有了可乘之机，由此可知，技术是把双刃剑，故B项正确。

41．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B．WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocalls

C．WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerous

D．HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology

答案　C

解析　标题归纳题。

通读全文可知，首段介绍了越来越多的人拒接未知号码的电话的现象，接下来着重阐述了这类电话给人们带来危害的原因，最后给出了解决方案，故C项最适合作本文标题。

一、题型解读

所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。

作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：

支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。

作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。

因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。

此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。

设问形式常有：

1．What’sthewriter’sattitudetowards...?

2．Whatistheauthor’sopinionon...?

3．Whatdoestheauthorthink/feelabout...?

二、解题技巧——“忠于措辞”定选项

1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。

（1）正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切不可用自己的观点来代替作者或文中人物的观点。

（2）留意那些描写所处氛围的语言及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。

（3）结合平时所积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等的背景知识来进行合理的推断。

（4）关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。

2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文章内容。

下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：

（1）表示支持或肯定的词语

favorable赞同的，有利的；positive积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive支持的；approval赞成，正式批准；reasonable合理的；enthusiastic热情的等。

（2）表示反对或否定的词语

critical批评的；negative否定的，消极的；disapproval不赞成；impractical不实际的；radical激进的；prejudiced有成见的，偏颇的等。

（3）表示中立、客观的态度

objective客观的；neutral中立的；indifferent漠然的

例如：

【真题感悟】中第38题。

根据第一段中的“Unfortunately，it’stoolittle，toolate.Bythetimethese‘solutions’（解决方案）becomewidelyavailable，scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可知这些措施太少，也太晚，等到这些“解决方案”被广泛使用时，不法分子就会转向更聪明的手段。

由此可推知，作者对骚扰电话问题的解决方案感到很失望，故D项正确。

A

（2019·吉林三模）

Forthelastfewmonths,Ihavegivenupwhatwaspreviouslyoneofmyfavoritefoods：

beef.Eatinglessredmeatandbehealthier,betterfortheenvironmentand—surprisinglytome—reallyeasytodoso.Sometimesitseemslikemuchofourfoodisstuckinacycleofexcessive（过度的）productionandexcessive1consumption.

Meatconsumptiontodaycontributesto4globalwarmingandenvironmentaldegradation（退化）．It’s2estimatedthat14.5%ofglobalmanmadegreenhousegasemission（排放）comefromlivestock（家畜）—whichismorethanthecontributionfromallformsoftransport.Beefproduction5makesup41%ofthoseemissions.Lastyear,Brazilreporteda28%increaseinAmazoniandeforestation（森林采伐）—80%ofdeforestedlandinBrazilisthenusedforcattlefarming.Modernbeeffarmingisalsoahugedrain（流干）onwaterresources.

Butitispossibletochange.Reducingmeatconsumptionisagrowingtrend,8drivenbyhealthandenvironmentalconsiderations.Aswitchtoa“healthydiet”as6recommendedbyHarvardMedicalSchool—whichstillincludeseatingmeat，fishandeggs—wouldreducegreenhousegasemissionsfromfoodproductionby36%.TheNorwegianmilitaryannounceditisswitchingaonedaytoaoneweekvegetariandietinamoveagainstglobalwarming,whileevenintheUSconsumptionofredmeatisfalling.

Andasforyourstruly，Ifeelhealthier，moreactiveandbymakingmydietmorevariedIneverfeellikeIammissingoutonanything.Stoppingeatingbeefhasalsohadaknockoneffectontherestofmydiet，andIameatingless.Cattleandotherlivestockdon’thavetobeenvironmentallyharmful.Grassfedcattleneedmuchsmallerresourceinput.Andasithasbeenshown,livestock,ifmanagedproperly,canevenrestoredegradedland.

Inthelongerterm,asBillGateshighlighted,thereisalsogreatpotentialforadvanceinfieldslikesynthetic（合成）meat.Andthereareothermoresourcesofefficientprotein;likeinsects！

9Butinaworldwheremorepeoplearenowdyingfromobesitythanmalnutrition（营养不良）—whenhundredsofmillionsofpeoplestilldon’thaveenoughtoeat,wecan’tsolvethisproblembysimplycontinuingtomake“conventional”intensivefarmingmoreintensive.

语篇解读　本文主要讲了牛肉的消费对于环境和健康的不利之处，并呼吁人们减少红肉的消费。

1．Whyhastheauthorgivenupeatingbeef?

A．Itisbetterforhishealthandglobalwarming.

B．Itcanpreventhimfrombeingobesity.

C．Itisbetterforbothhealthandenvironment.

D．Helikesvegetariandietverymuch.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段第一句“Eatinglessredmeatandbehealthier,betterfortheenvironmentand—surprisinglytome—reallyeasytodoso.”可知，少吃牛肉对于健康和环境都好。

故选C。

2．Whatresultdoescattlefarmingleadto?

A．Thelossofdeforestation.

B．Thegreatlossofwaterresources.

C．Thelossofmanmadegreenhouse.

D．Thelossoflivestock.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段最后两句“Lastyear，Brazilreporteda28%increaseinAmazoniandeforestation（森林采伐）—80%ofdeforestedlandinBrazilisthenusedforcattlefarming.Modernbeeffarmingisalsoahugedrain（流干）onwaterresources.”可知，养牛造成大量水资源的流失。

故选B。

3．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsraisingsomelivestockinanenvironmentalway?

A．Negative.B．Doubtful.

C．Favorable.D．Protective.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段最后三句“Cattleandotherlivestockdon’thavetobeenvironmentallyharmful.Grassfedcattleneedmuchsmallerresourceinput.Andasithasbeenshown,livestock,ifmanagedproperly,canevenrestoredegradedland.”可知，如果管理得当，畜牧养殖甚至可以恢复退化的土地，可见作者是持支持态度的。

故选C。

4．InBillGates’opinion,wecangetefficientproteinby.

A．raisingmoreinsects

B．raisingmorecattle

C．developingmanmademeat

D．developingintensivefarming

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据最后一段第一句“Inthelongerterm,asBillGateshighlighted,thereisalsogreatpotentialforadvanceinfieldslikesynthetic（合成）meat.”可知，从长远来看，在合成肉等领域也有很大的发展潜力。

故选C。

B

（2019·广西南宁二模）

Anewstudyshowsthatwhenteachersparticipateinatrainingprogramfocusedonprosocial（亲社会的）classroombehavior，theirstudentsarebetterabletocontroltheiremotions，andthatchildrenwhocanregulateemotionsaremorelikelytobeacademicallysuccessful.

10Forthestudy，whichappearsinPreventionScience，researcherslookedatmorethan100teachersand1,817studentsfromkindergartentothirdgradetoseeifteacherscouldsupportstudents’emotionalandbehavioralgrowththroughtheIncredibleYearsTeacherClassroomManagement（IYTCM）program.

Theprogramusesvideosandtrainingsessions，alongwithroleplayingandcoaching，tohelpteacherslearnmanagementskillssuchasusingbehaviorspecificpraise，buildingpositiverelationshipswithstudents，andconsideringhowtoreducepoorbehavior.Teachersinthetraininggroupincreased3interactionswithstudentsby64percentcomparedwith53percentforteachersinthecontrolgroupwithoutthetraining.

“Emotionalregulationistheabilitytorecognizewhatbehavioris7appropriateinthepresentsituation，”saysWendy