曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库 20docWord格式文档下载.docx

曼昆《经济学原理》微观第五版测试题库 20docWord格式文档下载.docx

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NAT:

AnalyticLOC:

Thestudyofeconomics,anddefinitionsofeconomics

TOP:

PovertylineMSC:

Definitional

2.TheUnitedStateshasmoreincomeinequalitythanJapan,Germany,andCanada.

TDIF:

IncomeinequalityMSC:

3.TheUnitedStateshasmoreincomeinequalitythanBrazilandSouthAfrica.

4.Standardmeasurementsofthedegreeofincomeinequalitytakebothmoneyincomeandin-kindtransfersintoaccount.

2REF:

In-kindtransfers|IncomeinequalityMSC:

5.JohnRawls,whodevelopedthewayofthinkingcalledliberalism,arguedthatgovernmentpoliciesshouldbeaimedatmaximizingthesumofutilityofeveryoneinsociety.

20-2

TheroleofgovernmentTOP:

Utility

MSC:

Interpretive

6.OneexistinggovernmentprogramthatworksmuchlikeanegativeincometaxistheEarnedIncomeTaxCredit.

20-3

Negativeincometax

7.OneexistinggovernmentprogramthatworksmuchlikeanegativeincometaxisMedicaid.

8.Theinvisiblehandofthemarketplaceactstoallocateresourcesefficiently,butitdoesnotnecessarilyensurethatresourcesareallocatedfairly.

20-0

EfficiencyandequityTOP:

Incomeinequality

Applicative

9.Whenthegovernmentenactspoliciestomakethedistributionofincomemoreequitable,itdistortsincentives,altersbehavior,andmakestheallocationofresourceslessefficient.

10.IntheUnitedStatesin2005,thebottomfifthoftheincomedistributionhadincomesbelow$19,250.

11.Thetop5percentofU.S.annualfamilyincomein2005was$184,500ormore.

12.AU.S.familyearning$80,000wouldbeinthetop20percentofincomedistributionin2005.

13.Freetradeandeconomicgrowthhavereducedpovertyworldwide.

Poverty

14.Althoughglobalizationhasreducedincomeinequality,thenumberofpeoplelivinginextremepovertyhasremainedunchanged.

15.Themeasuredpovertyratemaynotreflectthetrueextentofeconomicdeprivationbecauseitdoesnotincludesomeformsofgovernmentassistance.

Povertyrate

16.Thepovertylineisanabsolutestandardandisbasedonthecostofprovidinganadequatediet.

Povertyline

17.Thepovertylineisbasedonthepercentageofpeoplewhocannotaffordanadequatediet.

18.Thepovertyrateisameasureofpeopleunabletomeetthegovernment’spovertyline.

19.Theelderlyrepresentthelargestdemographicgroupinpoverty.

20.AbouthalfofblackandHispanicchildreninfemale-headedhouseholdsliveinpoverty.

21.Theeconomiclifecycledescribeshowyoungpeopleusuallyhavehighersavingsratesthanmiddle-agedpeople.

Economiclifecycle

22.Manyeconomistsbelievethatafamilybasesitsspendingdecisionsonitspermanent,oraverage,incomeratherthanontransitoryincome.

23.AboutfouroutoffivemillionairesintheUnitedStatesearnedtheirmoneyratherthaninheritedit.

Economicmobility

24.Fewerthanthreepercentoffamiliesarepoorforeightormoreyears.

25.Utilitariansbelievethatthepropergoalofthegovernmentistomaximizethesumoftheutilitiesofeveryoneinsociety.

Utilitarianism

26.Theutilitarianjustificationforredistributingincomeisbasedontheassumptionofdiminishingmarginalutility.

27.Ifagovernmentcouldsuccessfullyachievethemaximincriterion,eachmemberofsocietywouldhaveanequalincome.

Liberalism

28.Accordingtolibertarians,thegovernmentshouldredistributeincomefromrichindividualstopoorindividualstoachieveamoreequaldistributionofincome.

Libertarianism

29.Libertariansbelievethatthegovernmentshouldenforceindividualrightstoensurethatallpeoplehavethesameopportunitiestousetheirtalentstoachievesuccess.

30.Thepovertyrateisanabsolutelevelofincomesetbythefederalgovernmentforeachfamilysizebelowwhichafamilyisdeemedtobeinpoverty.

Povertyrate,Povertyline

31.Anincomedistributionmaynotgiveanaccuratepictureoffamilies’standardsoflivingbecauseitdoesnotincludein-kindtransfers.

32.Agoaloflibertariansistoprovidecitizenswithequalopportunitiesratherthantoensureequaloutcomes.

33.TemporaryAssistanceforNeedyFamilies（TANF）isanexampleofanegativeincometaxprogram.

Welfare

34.Whenpoorfamiliesindevelopingcountriesexperienceanincreaseinfamilyincome,theirchildrensupplyfewerhoursoflabor.

Childlabor

35.EducationisthemostimportantfactorexplainingreductionsinchildlaborinVietnam.

LabormarketsTOP:

36.InternetaccessisthemostimportantfactorexplainingreductionsinchildlaborinVietnam.

37.Since1959theUnitedStates’incomedistributionhasbecomemoreequal.

38.In2005thetopfifthofincomeearnersaccountedforover50%ofallincomereceivedbyUnitedStates’families.

39.In2005thetop5percentofincomeearnersaccountedforover50%ofallincomereceivedbyUnitedStates’families.

40.From1935to2005theshareoftotalincomeearnedbythebottomfifthofincomeearnersroseandthenfell.

SHORTANSWER

1.Explaintherelationshipbetweenlaborearningsandthedistributionofincome.

Aperson'

searningsdependonthesupplyanddemandforthatperson'

slabor,whichinturndependsonnaturalability,humancapital,compensatingdifferentials,discrimination,andsoon.Becauselaborearningsmakeupaboutthree-fourthsofthetotalincomeintheU.S.economy,thefactorsthatdeterminewagesarealsolargelyresponsiblefordetermininghowtheeconomy'

stotalincomeisdistributedamongthevariousmembersofsociety.

DIF:

20-0TOP:

2.Whatismeantbyaperfectlyequaldistributionofincome?

Useagraphtodepictsuchasituation.

Ifincomewereequallydistributedacrossallfamilies,eachone-fifthoffamilieswouldreceiveone-fifthofincome.Thatis,20percentofallfamiliesw