新高考英语阅读理解专题如何猜测生词词义Word格式.docx
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然而,A、B、C、D都是弱点。
所以,本题再结合省略号可知,Chris讲话吞吞吐吐,结结巴巴。
这一点也在短语tripson...(绊倒在;
卡在...上),综合考虑选A.
02.利用例证猜测词义
这些词汇包括forexample,forinstance,suchas,like,including,besides,...
【2018全国I】Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominant
languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.
Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"
dominant"
underlinedinparagraph2?
A.Complex
B.Advanced
C.Powerful
D.Modern
本句话提到,所有种种都导致许多语言消失,而且像(suchas)英语、西班牙语和汉语这些语言占了上风、取而代之,结合常识,英语、西班牙语、汉语是国际通用语言,说明这三门语言生命力很强,从而选C.
03.利用语义场猜测词义
语义场是借用物理学中的“场”的概念而来的,是指语义的类聚。
语义场强调的是一个词跟其它词在语义上存在着密切的联系,如同个词、同义词、近义词、反义词、同类词、同功用词汇等等。
【2016全国I】IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips--ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干细胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐献者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciusoftime.
Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inPara.1?
A.
provider
B.deliveryman
C.collecor
D.medicaldoctor
从本段词句I’vedone89trips以及Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells可以推断作者“我”是一名干细胞运送者。
也就是说carrystems与adeliveryman属于同一个语义场。
【2019全国III】"
Chinaisimpossibletooverlook"
saysHill.“Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion---theyarecentraltoitsmovement”Ofcourse,notonlyaretoday’stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina---someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."
VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingon
Galliano,Albaz,MarcJacobs---andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,”addsHill.
Whatdotheunderlinedwords"
takingon"
inparagraph4mean?
A.learningfrom
B.lookingdownon
C.workingwith
D.competingagainst
希尔认为,中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者,她们也是时尚运动的核心。
其中,VeraWang等设计师正在与西方设计师较量并beatingthemhandsdown(打败对方让其无还手之力)。
这里,beatsb.handsdown与takeon属于近义词域,构成语义场关系。
答案为D.
04.利用构词法猜测词义
构词法指的是前缀、后缀和合成。
前缀如disadvantage,incorrect,misunderstand等;
后缀如handful,kindness,drinkable,等;
合成如warmhearted,greenhouse,passer-by等等。
【2018全国II】Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesofslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.
Whatis"
ajuicer"
inthelastparagraph?
Adessert
B.Adrink
C.Acontainer
D.Amachine
juice是果汁,根据构词常识,后缀-er,要么指人,要么指机器。
再结合语境“如果你有一个...的话,你就把冷冻的香蕉和一些浆果或切成片的水果放进去,就会出来一种软软的奶油状的甜品,要马上吃掉哦。
”这一波操作就是榨汁机的功能,于是我们确认选D.
05.利用批判性思维猜测词义
批判性思维体现在阅读上就是立足文本,即读者的“主观”应该尽量靠近阅读文本的“客观”。
读者的理解越靠近文本实际表达,说明读者的批判性思维能力就越强。
【2019全国II】"
Youcanusemeasalastresort(选择),
andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit."
ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids’
lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Allright.Yes,I’lldoit.”
Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?
A.Encourageteamwork.
B.Appealtofeelings.
C.Promotegooddeeds.
D.Provideadvice.
那位家长一开始并不太愿意去“我”的孩子们的长曲棍球俱乐部做志愿者。
“我”就又一次尝试打感情牌,诉说“我”的可怜处境及那位教练的的无私。
不少考生选C.promotegooddeeds(倡议做好事),后面的教练的确是在做好事,但至于“我”,只能说是尽家长的义务,不能算是做好事。
也即只有“打动某人的心、打感情牌”才能全面概括后面两件事,在概括范围上与文本吻合,批判思维度较高。
答案选B.
06.利用语义转折猜测词义
常见的表示转折的词汇有:
but,
however,yet,
though,
although,
as,
while,
eventhough,
evenif,
rather,
instead,
ratherthan,whatever,
unlukily,
unfortunatly,
surprisingly,
infact,
asamatteroffact,
indeed,
ontheotherhand,
unlike,
onthecontrary,
incontrastwith
【2018北京】Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.
Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybe
fielded
byyide-hailingservices(叫车服务),
consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasleabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).
But
driverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricedropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded”inParagraph4mean?
A.Employed.
B.Replaced.
C.Shared.
D.Reduced.
根据文意,考虑到无人驾驶技术成本高、责任与维护风险并存,首批投入市场的无人驾驶汽车估计仅限于叫车服务行业使用(employed).
但是随着其价格走低以及人们逐渐适应该技术,其购买者数量很可能增加。
该题利用but后文本的优势,来推断but前的使用局限。
07.利用因果关系猜测词义
一定的原因会导致一定的结果,作者在叙述原因的过程中常会把词和句子置于因果关系中。
常见词汇有:
because,
since,
nowthat,
for,
so,
thus,
therefore,
consequently,
hence,
due
to,
owingto,resultin,
resultfrom,
asaresult,
forthisreason,
accordingly,
so...that,
such...that
等。
【2016全国新课标】Therearealsovarietiesdevelopedtosuitspecificlocalconditions.
OneoftheverybestvarietiesforeatingqualityisOrleansReinette,
butyou’llneedawarm,
shelteredplacewithperfectsoiltogrowit,
so
it’s
apipedream
formostappleloverswhofallforit.
Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“apipedream”inParagraph3mean?
apracticalidea.
B.
Avainhope.
C.
Abrilliantplan.
D.
Aselfishdesire.
前一句话提到,要栽种OrleansReinette,必须拥有温暖,防风雨日晒的地方,而且有完美的土壤条件,因此,那些喜爱这个品种苹果的人要想拥有,简直是枉然的、难以实现的愿望。
08.利用解释关系猜测词义
破折号或表示同位语的逗号在阅读文章中都起到解释说明作用,我们在阅读中要能敏感地意识到这一功能,以利于更顺畅地理解文本。
【2015江苏】Some2500yearsagoGreecediscoveredfreedom.Beforethattherewasnofreedom.Thereweregreatcivilizations,splendidempires,butnofreedomanywhere.EgyptandBabylonwereboth
tyrannies,
oneverypowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses..
Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?
A.Countrieswheretheirpeopleneedhelp.
B.Powerfulstateswithhighercivilization.
C.Splendidempireswherepeopleenjoyfreedom.
D.Governmentsruledwithabsolutepower.
逗号后面的onepowerfulmanrulingoverhelplessmasses是单词tyrannies的同位语,两者互为一体。
答案选D.
09.利用推理判断法猜测词义
【2012北京】Proudlyreadingmywords,Iglancedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmatesbearingbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyes.Confused,Iglancedtowardmystone-facedteacher.Havingnochoice,IslowlyraisedthereportIhadslavedover,hopingtohidemyself.“Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway?
”
Quickly,IflashedbacktothedayMissLancelotgavemethetask.ThiswasthefirstrealtaskIreceivedinmynewschool.Itseemedsimple:
goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.Sincemyideaofhistorycamefromanancientteacherinmyhomecountry,Ihadneverheardofthatnamebefore.AsIsearchedthenameofthisfellow,itbecameevidentthatthereweretwopeoplebearingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!
Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts,whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice:
flip(掷)
acoin.Heads---thecommander,andtails---thepeanutguy.Ah!
Tails,myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver.
Weekslater,standingbeforethisunfriendlymass,Iwastotallylost.Ohwell,Iloweredthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,
burning
tofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,themanwhostartedtheAmericanRevolution.”
Thewholeworldbacamequiet!
HowcouldIknowthatshemeantthatGeorgeWashington?
Theunderlinedword“tyrannies”inParagraph2referto?
A.annoyed.
B.ashamed.
C.ready.
D.eager.
从上文不难看出,作者辛辛苦苦准备的学习成果汇报却遭到同学们的嘲笑,他不理解为什么同学和老师竟有如此反应。
结束汇报后,他做回原位,很“渴望”知道自己做错了什么事。
继而,他从班级同学所做的类似报告中得自己的由于历史常识匮乏,竟然把老师布置的对总统乔治华盛顿探究,错误地判断为研究花生制品大师乔治华盛顿卡福。