高二英语下学期教案 Unit 16 The United States of America 2Word格式.docx
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Thewarof1861~1865betweenthenorthernstates(theUnion)andthesouthernstates(theConfederacy)isalsocalledtheWarbetweentheStatesortheWaroftheRebellion.Thereweremanycauses,ofwhichthemostimportantweredisagreementoverslavery,andthequarrelconcerningFederalcontrolandStates’Rights.ThedirectcauseofthewarwastheelectionofLincolnasPresident;
thiswasfollowedbythesecessionofthesouthernstatesfromtheUnionandthefoundingoftheConfederacy,withJeffersonDavisasitsPresident.TheNorthhadmanyadvantages,afargreaterpopulation,morerailwaylines,andmorefactories.ButtheConfederatesfoughthardandwereatfirstsuccessful:
theywonthebattlesofBullRunandFredericksburg;
butthenLeewasdefeatedatGettysburgandtheUnionarmyledbyGrantwoncontrolofMississippi.AdmiralFarragantforcedNewOrleanstosurrender:
Texas,ArkansasandLouisianawerecutofffromtherestoftheConfederacy.AftertheUnionwontheVicksburgcampaign,ShermanmadehismarchthroughGeorgiatothesea,andLeesurrenderedtoGrantatAppomattonCourtHouse,Virginia,onApril9,1865.Lincolnwasassassinatedinthesamemonth.Slaverywasdeclaredunconstitutional.Theperiodafterthewar(Reconstruction),whentheSouthwasoccupiedbytheWorth,leftbitternessthathasnotyetentirelyvanished.DuringReconstructionthesouthernstateswereadmittedbackintotheUnion.
2.TheWarofAmericanIndependence
(AlsocalledtheRevolutionaryWar1775~1783)
ThestruggleofthethirteenBritishcoloniesinNorthAmericaforindependenceendedintheformingoftheUSA.ThemaincausesofthewarweretaxesimposedbytheBritishgovernment,e.g.theStampTaxof1765andtheTeaTax.Thecoloniesrebelledin1775;
thefirstshotswerefiredatLexington,andtheFirstbattlewasfaughtatBunkerHill.ThecontinentalCongressappointedGeneralWashingtonasleaderofitsforces,andissuedtheDeclarationofIndependenceonJuly4,1776.GeneralBurgoyneledaBritisharmydownfromCanadabutwasforcedtosurrenderatSaratoga(Oct.1777).HewassupposedtomeetthearmyofGeneralHowe,whomanagedtooccupyPhiladelphia.Washingtonspentthehardwinterof1777~1778atValleyForge,andhaddifficultyinkeepinghismentogether,France(1778),Spain(1779)andtheNetherlands(1780)joinedthewaragainstBritain.BritishforcesunderCornwalliswonvictoriesintheSouthwhereBritainhadsomepopularsupport,butCornwalliswasdefeatedatYorktown,Virginia,andforcedtosurrender(Oct.19/1781),whichpracticallybroughtthewartoanend.Atsea,Britainhadtofighttokeephernavalsupremacy,butafterYorktowntheAmericanportswerelostonebyone.ThewarwasendedbytheTreatyofParis,1783,whichrecognizedtheindependenceoftheUSA.
3.SlaveryintheUnitedStates
TheAfricanancestors(祖先)oftoday’sblackAmericanswerebroughttotheUSasslavesintheseventeenth,eighteenth,andnineteenthcenturies.Theyworkedonfarms,especiallythelargefarmsinthesouthernstates.Slowlytheybecameanecessarypartoftheeconomic(经济)system(体制)oftheSouth.
Slavesdidnothavetherightofpeople;
accordingtothelaw,theywerea“thing”whichbelongedtothepersonwhoboughtthem.Theyhadtoobeytheordersoftheirownerswithoutquestions.Theywerenotallowedtolearntoread;
theirownersfearedtheeducatedslaveswouldbegintothinkabouttheinjusticeofthesystemandwouldlearntostrugglefortheirfreedom.Slaveshadtoworklonghoursinveryunhealthyconditions.Theirownershadcompletepoweroverthem.Theycouldbeboughtandsoldlikeanimals.Attheslavemarkets,blackchildrenwereseparatedfromtheirparentsandneverallowedtoseethemagain.Slaveownershadtherighttopunishtheslaveswhobrokethelaworwasagainstthesystem.Slaveswereoftenbeatenorevenkilledbytheirowners.AftertheCivilWar,onefreeslavereportedthathisownerkilledanolderslavewhowasteachinghimtoread.Intheoryanownerwhotreatedaslavebadlycouldbepunished.Inpractice,however,thelawmeantnothing.
OppositiontoslaverybeganveryearlyinthehistoryoftheUS—in1671—butlittleprogresswasmadeuntilthebeginningofthenineteenthcentury.By1804slaverywasillegal(非法的)inthenorthernstates.Butitcontinued,andevengrew,inthesouthernstates,whichdependedoncottonfortheireconomicwealth.Slavery,endedintheSouthonlyaftertheCivilWar.Forblacks,however,theendofslaverywasonlyabeginning,thelatebeginningofalonganddifficultstrugglefortruejustice.
Ⅳ.TeachingTime:
Fiveperiods
TheFirstPeriod
TeachingAims:
1.LearnabouttheUSA.
2.Dosomelistening.
3.Practisedescribingplacestotrainthestudents’speakingability.
TeachingImportantPoints:
1.Trainthestudents’listeningability.
2.Improvethestudents’speakingabilitybypractisingdescribingplacesusingthefollowingusefulsentencepatterns:
Howlong/wide/high/tallisthe…?
It’s…metres/feetlong/wide/high/tall.
Thereis…intheNorth.
Itlookslike…
TeachingDifficultPoints:
1.Howtoimprovethestudents’listeningability.
2.Howtohelpthestudentscarryoutthetaskofspeaking.
TeachingMethods:
1.Listening-and-answeringactivitytohelpthestudentsgothroughwiththelisteningmaterial.
2.DiscussiontohelpthestudentslearnabouttheUS.
3.Individual,pairorgroupworktomakeeverystudenthaveachancetoworkinclass.
TeachingAids:
1.themultimedia
2.theblackboard
TeachingProcedures:
☞StepⅠGreetings
Greetthewholeclassasusual.
☞StepⅡLead-in
T:
Now,let’sbeginourclass.First,I’llgiveyousomeinformationaboutthehistoryofacountry.Pleaseguesswhichcountryitis.Listencarefully.Itisaveryyoungcountryintheworld,whichhasonlyahistoryof200~300years.MostpeopleinthecountryareimmigratesTheheadofficeoftheUNwassetupthere.TwoWorldWarsdidn’ttakeplacethere.Nowitisthestrongestcountryoftheworld.Canyouguessit?
Ss:
Yes.TheUSA.
☞StepⅢWarming-up
T:
You’reright.Todaywe’regoingtolearnUnit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica(Bb:
Unit16TheUnitedStatesofAmerica).Now,let’shaveaquiztoseehowmuchyouknowabouttheUSA.(Teachershowsthefollowingonthescreen.)
Decideifthefollowingsentencesaretrueorfalse.Write“T”or“F”inthebrackets.
1.NewYorkisthelargeststateintheUS.()
2.MoststatenamescomefromSpanishorEnglish.()
3.Atlantaisknownasthe“BigApple”.()
4.TheConstitutionwaswrittenin1779.()
5.Thereare52starsontheAmericanflag.()
6.GeorgeWashingtonwasthefirstAmericanPresident.()
7.ThefirstsettlersarrivedinNorthAmericaabout30000yearsago.()
8.TheMississippiRiveristhelongestriverintheworld.()
Well,pleasedoitbyyourselves.Afterawhile,I’llcheckyouranswers.Isthatclear?
Yes.
(Afterafewminutes,teacherchecksthestudents’answers.)
Thefirstone,trueorfalse?
S1:
False.
Pleasecorrectit.
NewYorkisthelargestcityintheUS.
Good.Thesecondone?
S2:
True.
Whataboutthethirdone?
S3:
False.NewYorkisknownasthe“BigApple”.
…
Suggestedanswers:
4.FTheConstitutionwaswrittenin1787.
5.FThereare50starsontheAmericanflag.
6.T
7.T
8.FTheMississippiisoneoftheimportantriversintheworld.
Agoodjob!
Now,openyourbooksandturntoPage41.PleaselookatthemapoftheUSAandfindoutthefollowingcitiesandstates:
NewYork,Washington,Florida,Taxas,California,Alaska.
(Afewminuteslater,teachersaysthefollowing.)
Pleaselookatthefirstpicture.Whatplaceisit?
Anyvolunteer?
S4:
ItisthefamousWhiteHouse,wherethepresidentoftheUSworksandliveswithhisfamily.
Doyouknowhowitgotitsname?
No.
Whoknows?
S5:
Atfirst,itwasmadeofgraystoneandcalledthePresident’sPalace.Duringthewarof1812,itwasburnedbyBritishsoldiers.Afterwards,itwasrebuilt.Thewallswerepaintedwhitetocoverupmarksleftbythefire.ThenpeoplebegancallingthePresident’sPalacetheWhiteHouse.Thenamecaughtonandhasremainedinuseeversince.
Wonderful!
Next,let’slookatthesecondpicture.Itisafamouscity,whichisit?
S6:
NewYork.
Right.Canyouguesswhenthepicturewastaken?
IthinkitwastakenbeforethedateSeptember11,2001.
Howdoyouknow?
Becauseinthepicture,wecanseemanyskyscrapers.Amongthem,theWorldTradeCentreandtheEmpireStateBuildingaremostfamous,butnowtheWorldTradeCentrehasalreadygone.Itwasexplodedbyterrorists.
Oh,Whatapity!
DoyouknowanythingelseaboutNewYork?
NewYorkisAmerica’sculturalcapital,wherethereisthestatueofLiberty,theskyscrapers,了thebeautifulshopsonFifthAvenue,andthemany