最新高三英语语法总结重点.docx
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最新高三英语语法总结重点
最新高三英语语法总结重点
高三英语语法：
表语从句
1、关联词不能省略
2、从句用陈述语序
常见引导词
what,when,where,why,whether,how,that,because,which,
WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeEnglishsowell.
Thequestionishowwhatyou’vesaidcanbeputintopractice.
Thereason（why）hedidn’tcomeisthathewasill.
It（This,That）isbecauseironcontainsmorecarbonthansteel.
高三英语语法：
同位语从句
1、关联词不能省略
2、从句用陈述语序
从句的名词后接同位语
fact,idea,word，promise,saying，problem,news
常见引导词
that,whether,where,how,etc.
Thefactsthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedus.
Anideacametoherthatshemightdothatinanotherway.
Scientistshavearguedovertheproblemwhetherthereislifeonotherplanets.
高三英语语法：
状语从句
一.定义:
在句中作状语的从句就叫做状语从句
二.分类:
状语从句包括以下八类
1.时间状语从句:
由when,while,as,before,after,since,till/until,assoonas等引导
a.Ishalltellhimthegoodnewswhenhecomes.
2.原因状语从句:
由because,as,since,for等引导
a.Hedidn’thearmebecausehewaslisteningtotheradio.
b.Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbettershowmehowtousethecomputer.
3.地点状语从句:
由where等引导
a.Pleaseputthebookwhereitwasafteryoufinishreadingit.
4.条件状语从句:
由if,unless等引导
a.IwillcometoseeyouifIhavetimeonSunday.
5.比较或方式状语从句:
由than,as,asif,as...as...等引导
a.Iknowyoudobetterthanhedoes.
b.Theoldworkerrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.
6.目的状语从句:
由sothat,inorderthat等引导
a.Theysetoutearlysothattheycouldarriveatthestationingoodtime.
7.结果状语从句:
由so,sothat,so/such...that...等引导
a.Theysetoutearlysothattheyarrivedatthestationingoodtime.
b.Hefinishedhisworksowellthatthebosspraisedhiminpublic.
8.让步状语从句:
由though/although,evenif,whatever,whoever,whenever,nomatterwhat/who等引导
a.Heisinverygoodhealththoughheisold.
b.Theydidn’tstopworkingevenifitbegantorainhard.
三.应注意的问题:
1.时间和条件状语从句中常用一般时代替将来时
a.IwillgoandseeafilmifIhavetimetomorrow.
b.Iwilltelltheaboutitassoonashecomesback.
c.Hesaidhewouldgooutforawalkwhenhefinishedhiswork.
2.状语从句中可有省略:
在一个含有状语从句的复合句中,如果主句和状语从句的主语相同,或状语从句的主语是it,并且状语从句的谓语含有be动词时,可以将状语从句的主语和be一起省略掉
a.As（shewas）achild,shebegantolearnEnglish.
b.If（hewas）alive,hemustbeatleastninetyyearsold.
c.Although（hewas）toldtostop,hekeptonworking.
d.If（itis）necessary,ringmeup.
e.Hedidn’tsayasingleworduntil（hewas）asked.
3.as和than引导的比较状语从句中,从句中和主句中相同的部分往往省略,从句中只剩下比较对象
a.HeisaheadtallerthanI（amtall）.
than之后的人称代词是主格或宾格时,有时意思不同,如:
a.Shelikesthedogmorethanme.=Shelikesthedogmorethanshelikesme.她喜欢狗比喜欢我更多
b.ShelikesthedogmorethanI.=ShelikesthedogmorethanIlikethegod.她比我更喜欢狗
4.含有nosooner…than…和hardly/barely/scarcely…when…的句子相当于含有assoonas…引导的时间状语的句子.nosooner或hardly放在句首时,主谓要部分倒装
a.Hehadnosoonerseenthepolicemanthanheranaway.=Nosoonerhadheseenthepolicemanthanheranaway.=Heranawayassoonashesawthepolicemen.
b.Hehadhardlysatdownwhenthetelephonerang.=Hardlyhadhesatdownwhenthetelephonerang.=Thetelephonerangassoonashesatdown.
5.immediately,directly,instantly等词也可以作为连词引导时间状语从句,相当于assoonas引导的时间状语
a.IwenttoseehimimmediatelyIheardfromhim.=IwenttoseehimassoonasIheardfromhim.
6.themoment,theminute,thesecond引导时间状语从句,相当于assoonas引导的时间状语
a.Heletoutacrythemomenthesawthesnake.=Heletoutacryassoonashesawthesnake.
7.eachtime,everytime,anytime,lasttime,nexttime,firsttime可以引导时间状语从句
a.Theyshakehandswitheachothereachtimetheymeet.
8.since引导的时间状语从句中,若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词,则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束
a.Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不住这里己有五年了
a.Theyshakehandswitheachothereachtimetheymeet.
8.since引导的时间状语从句中,若谓语动词是延续性动词或状态动词,则其过去时表示动作的完成或状态的结束
a.Itisfiveyearssincehelivedhere.他不住这里己有五年了
高三英语语法：
定语从句
关系代词引导的定语从句
一.关系代词的用法:
关系代词指代先行词
在定语从句中作主语
在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语,介词在后
指人
that/who
that/who/whom
指物
that/which
that/which
上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略;在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代;另外,关系代词whose表示"…（先行词）的"
二.示例:
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语
a.Doyouknowthemanthat/whocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?
b.Thisisabookthat/whichtellsaboutspacerocket.
2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语
a.Thecomrade（that/who/whom）theycametovisitisascientist.
b.Iwillneverforgettheday（that/which）wespentinthecountryside.
3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,介词在后
a.Thisisthehouse（that/which）hewasbornin.
b.Theperson（that/who/whom）youshouldwritetoisMrBall.
c.Theman（that/who/whom）youtalkedwithisourEnglishteacher.
4.whose引导的定语从句
a.IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.
b.Thechildwhosemotherdiedinthefireisnowanengineerinourcompany.
c.Heislivinginahousewhosewindowsarepaintedwhite.
三.应注意的问题:
1.指物时,关系代词只用that而不用which的情况:
①.先行词被最高级或theonly,thevery,thesame等修饰时
a.ThisisthebestplaythatwaswrittenbyJack.
b.HeistheonlypersonthatIcantrust.
②.先行词被序数词或thelast等词修饰时
a.Thisisthefirstcarthatarrivedthismorning.
③.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词时或被不定代词all,any,no等修饰时
a.Allthepeoplethatcomefromthecountryworkmuchharder.
b.ThisisallthatIcantellyou.
④.人+动物或事物共同作为先行词时
a.MyfatherandMrBrowntalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedforaboutanhour.
⑤.句中又有which作为疑问词出现时
a.WhichisthetrainthatgoestoBeijing?
2.关系代词who,which,that在定语从句中作主语时,要注意定语从句中的主谓一致问题.因为who/that/which指代先行词,所以定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致即可
a.Icametogetthebookthatwasleftintheclassroom.
b.Icametogetthebooksthatwereleftintheclassroom.
关系副词引导的定语从句
一.关系副词的用法:
when在定语从句中作地点状语;where在定语从句中作地点状语;why在定语从句中作原因状语
二.示例:
a.HewaswellatthetimewhenIsawhim.
b.Let’smeetattheplacewherewemetyesterday.
c.ThisisthereasonwhyIaminfavorofthesinger.
三.应注意的问题:
1.在某些表示时间的名词后的关系副词可省略,这样的名词如:
thetime,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theminute,thesecond等（也有语法家认为是这些名词直接引导了时间状语从句）
a.Bythetime（when）hewasfourteenyearsoldhehadlearnedmuchEnglish.
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
一.说明:
关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,介词可以位于关系代词之前,从而构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
二.这种定语从句中关系代词的用法:
在这种定语从句中,关系代词只能用whom（指人）和which（指事物）,而不能使用that/who
三.示例:
a.Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.
b.ThepersontowhomyoushouldwriteisMrBall.
c.ThemanwithwhomyoutalkedisourEnglishteacher.
d.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwoman.
四.应注意的问题:
1.关系代词前的介词可以是单个介词,也可以是短语介词或类似短语介词的词组
a.Thisisthehouseinwhichhewasborn.
b.Atfiveo’clockwereachedthehouse,infrontofwhichthereisabigtree.
c.Atfiveo’clockwereachedthemountain,atthefootofwhichliesomefarmhouses.
2.根据表达的需要,介词之前还可以有其他词,从而构成"名词或代词+介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句
a.Iusedtoliveinasmallroom,thewindowofwhichfacesthestreet.
b.Atthegatestoodagroupofstudents,someofwhomaregirls.
3.介词若为短语动词中的介词,则不可将介词拆开放在关系代词之前
a.Thisisthemagazinewhichyouarelookingfor.（for不能放在which之前）
b.ThechildwhomAuntLitakescareofisill.（of不能放在whom之前）
4.关系副词when/where/why常可与"介词+关系代词"互换
a.DoyourememberthedayswhenwewereinBeijing?
（=inwhichwewereinBeijing）
b.Doyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholeday?
（=inwhichweonceplayedforawholeday）
c.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterday.（=forwhichhewasabsent）
限定性与非限定性定语从句
一.两者的区别:
见下表
形式
作用
译法
限定性定语从句
无逗号与主句分开
修饰限定作用,即不可缺少的定语
其译文常位于先行词之前,并体现"的"
非限定性定语从句
有逗号与主句分开
附加、补充说明的作用,若缺少它,句意仍然完整
常将其译成一个和主句并列的分句
二.关系词的用法:
非限定性定语从句不能用that引导,并且关系词在任何情况下都不能省略,除此之外,在关系词的使用上,非限定性定语从句与限定性定语从句完全相同
三.示例:
a.Mybook,whichisveryold,isonthetable.
b.PresidentKennedy,whohadheardofKingbefore,wasinterestedtomeethim.
c.Hisfather,whoisworkinginBeijing,isanengineer.
d.Thehouse,wherehewasborn,hasbeendestroyedintheearthquake.
e.Mr.Smith,withwhomyoujusttalked,isourEnglishteacher.
f.Thegentleman,withwhosedaughterIworked,lookeddownuponwoman.
四.应注意的问题:
1.as/which都可以引导一个非限定性定语从句,as/which是关系代词,指代主句中所提到的某种情况,它们的不同点是:
①.as引导的这种定语从句位置比较灵活,可位于句首,句中,句尾;但which引导的这种定语从句只能位于主句之后
②.as还带有"正如,正象"之意,而which不含此意
a.Theearthislikeaball,aseveryoneknows.
b.Aseveryoneknows,theearthislikeaball.
c.TheysaidtheywereFrench,whichwasn’ttrue.
常见问题
一.定语从句还原法:
试题中有很多有关定语从句的,这类题往往需选择引导词部分.做好这类题的关键首先是要有这样的观念:
定语从句应有完整而合理的句子成分.基于这一点,我们可以用"还原法"来检验定语从句是否正确,即把定语从句还原成为一个简单句.具体做法是:
①.第一步:
替换.将关系代词直接替换成先行词,如果是关系副词,先替换成介词+关系代词,再将关系代词替换成先行词
②.第二步:
调整,即调整语序,看能否构成一个合理的简单句
例如,还原以下例句a中的定语从句的过程是:
先将that/which替换成先行词thepark,再调整语序,就能得到一个合理的简单句:
Wevisitedtheparklastyear.再如,还原以下例句b中的定语从句的过程是:
先将where替换成inwhich,再将which替换成先行词thepark,再调整语序,就得到一个合理的简单句:
Weonceplayedforawholedayinthepark.
a.Doyouremembertheparkthat/whichwevisitedlastyear?
b.Doyouremembertheparkwhereweonceplayedforawholeday?
c.Doyoustillrememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogether?
d.Doyousti
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