辽宁省六校协作体学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题含答案Word下载.docx

辽宁省六校协作体学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题含答案Word下载.docx

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Lifeinspacewillcertainlytakesomegettingusedto!

Butthespacestationhasbeendesigned 

tokeeptheastronautsascomfortableaspossible—themodules（舱）areroomy，bright，andkeptataconstant21°

C.It’simportantthecrewmembersarecomfortablebecausethey’llbebusyaboardthestation.Inatypicalworkday，crewmemberswillspend14hoursworkingandexercising,1.5hourspreparingandeatingmeals，and8.5hourssleeping.Herearesomeotherfunfactsaboutlifeaboardthestation：

Food

Comemealtime,astronautswillhaveaspecialdiningkitchen.Spacefoodjustkeepsgettingbetter—andmorelikefoodweenjoyhereonEarth.Inearlyspacemissions,astronautscouldeatonlyfreeze-driedfoodthatdidn’trequireanypreparation.Butthespacestationisequippedwithwater,microwaveovens,andrefrigerators,allowingthefolksonboardtoeatmore“normal”typesoffood,includingfruit,vegetables,andicecream!

Sleep

Eachcrewmemberhasaprivateroom.Withnogravity,they’llneedtotiethemselvestotheirbeds,ortheywillfloataway！

Thatmightsoundlikeastrangewaytosleep,butastronautsfrompastspacemissionsreportthatsleepinginspaceisactuallyprettygreat!

Exercise

Youmightnotthinkit,butexerciseisevenmoreimportantonthestationthanitisonEarth.Thereisnotmuchgravityinspace.Astronautsdon’tstandup,sitdownorwalkinspace,sotheirmusclesandbonesdon’thavetoworkmuch—andthismuscleandbonelosscanbedangerousbackonEarth.Tofightthis,astronautsonthestationwillexerciseonbikes,rowingmachines,andotherequipmentabouttwohourseveryday.

Clothing

AstronautswillhavetowearspecialspacesuitswhiletravelingaboardtheU.S.shuttleorRussianrockets.Butoncethey’resafeinsidethespacestation,crewmemberscanwearregularclothing.Ofcourse,aspeciallydesignedpressurizedspacesuitisrequiredforspacewalks.Ithastobearflyingpiecesandprotecttheastronautsfromdramatictemperaturechanges.Itcanrangefrom-84°

Cintheshadowofthestationto121°

Cinthehotsun.

PersonalCleanliness

Simpletaskslikebrushingyourteethcanbechallenginginaweightlessenvironment.Alittlewaterdoesn’tflowinastream.Astronautswilluseafreshwaterhose（软管）totakeshowers,shampoo，andwashoff—thenasecondvacuumhosetosuction（吸）offthedirtywater.Andhowdoyougotothebathroominspace?

Withaspecial“airtoilet”thatusesflowingairinsteadofwatertogetridofwaste.

21.Thetextismainlyabout___________

A.waystogetusedtolifeinspace

B.funfactsaboutlifeinspace

C.temperaturechangesinspace

D.atypicalworkdayinspace

22.Whatdoweknowaboutspacefoodfromthetext?

A.Astronautscouldeatapplesinspaceinthepast

B.Astronautseatonlyfruit,vegetablesandicecreamnow.

C.Spacefoodisgettingbetternowthanbefore.

D.Freshfoodisn’tavailabletoastronautsinspace.

23.WhyisexercisemoreimportantinspacethanonEarth?

A.Becauseitcanmakeastronautsfeelrelaxedinspace.

B.Becauseitcanhelpastronautsspendtheirsparetimehappily.

C.Becauseastronauts’livesaremoreimportantinspacethanonEarth.

D.Becauseitcanpreventastronautsfromcausingmuscleandboneloss.

24.Whatcanbelearnedfromtheparagraph“Clothing”?

A.Thetemperatureisquitedifferentindifferentplacesinspace.

B.Astronautswearpressurizedspacesuitsjusttokeepwarm.

C.Astronautsmustwearspecialspacesuitsallthetimeinspace.

D.Astronautscanwearregularclothingforspacewalksnow.

B

It'

s3o'

clockandyou'

vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateovercomesyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn'

t.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmomusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.

ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorkscomparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger.”Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone（荷尔蒙）sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.

Acravingismorecomplex.Itactivates（使活跃）brainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.Becauseofthis,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger.”Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatarehighinfatorhighinsugarproducechemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalsgiveusfeelingsofpleasure. 

Ina2007study,researchersatCambridgeUniversityfoundthat“dietingorrestrictedeatinggenerallyincreasesthepossibilityoffoodcraving.”So,themoreyoudenyyourselfafoodthatyouwant,themoreyoumaycraveit.However,fastingisabitdifferent.Theyfoundthateatingnofoodatallforashortperiodoftimelessenedfoodcravings.

So,thenexttimeyoucravesomethingveryspecial,knowthatyourbrainmaybemoretoblamethanyourstomach.

25.Theauthordescribestwosituationsinthefirstparagraphto_______.

A. 

remindreadersoftheirownspecialfood.

B. 

deepentheunderstandingofhunger.

C. 

reportthediscoveryofcravingstudy.

D.introducethetopicofthewholepassage.

26.Whatdowelearnaboutfoodcraving?

Itshowsfoodislinkedtofeelings.

Itensuresapersonsurviveshunger.

Itmeansthestomachfunctionswell.

D. 

Itprovesthebraindecidesyourappetite.

27.What'

sthelikelyresultofdieting?

Thedecreaseofchemicals. 

B. 

Theincreaseoffooddesire.

Therefusaloffatandsugar. 

D. 

Thedisappearanceofappetite.

28.Inwhichcolumnofanewspapercanyouseethispassage?

Education 

B. 

Entertainment

Science 

D. 

Economy

C

NASAmightbefamousforsendingrocketsuptospacequickly.Butitwillbemorefamousformakingyournextholidaycomemorequickly.

Thespaceagencyisworkingonanewplane,whichcouldsolvetheproblemsofsupersonic（超音速的）flightandvastlyincreasethespeedofjourneysabroad.Ifsuccessful,theplanewouldbeabletoflybetweenNewYorkandLondoninjustthreehours.Anditwouldreducethetimespentflyingotherjourneysbyahalf,sinceitcouldbeusedmorebroadly.Untilnow,theproblemwithsuchplaneshasbeenthesonicboom（声爆）,madefamousbytheoriginalConcorde（协和客机）.Thathappenswhenaplanereachessupersonicspeeds.

Itisathunderousnoisethatupsetspeopleontheground—disturbinganimalsandevencausingphysicalproblemstomaterialsandhousesunderneath.ItwasthateffectthatledCongresstobansuchplanesfrombeingusedovertheUSland,adecisionthatinturnwasresponsibleforConcorde'

sfailingtobecommerciallyused.

Inviewoftheproblem,thespaceagencyhasdevelopedanewtechnologyandtrieditoutinwindtunnels,andnowbelievesthatitcouldbeputtocommercialuse.Thatplanewillflyashighas55,000feet—farhigherthannormalplanes—andmakeasoundofonly60decibels.That'

sfarlessthan90decibelsthrownoutbynormalplanes,andisroughlyinlinewithacaronthemotorwayorabusyrestaurant.

“Aslongaswecangetendorsementfromthegeneralpublic,theplanewillprobablybesomethingthat'

sacceptable,”saidPeterCoen,projectmanagerforNASA'

scommercialsupersonicresearchteam,inanewBloombergreport.“Ifwegetapproved,wewillhavethefull-sizedversionoftheplanetriedoutandtheplanewillbeputintouse.”

29.WhydoestheauthormentionConcorde?

TosuggesttherapiddevelopmentofplanesintheUSA.

Tomakeusknowthenegativeeffectofthesonicboomsbetter.

Tointroducehowacommercialplaneisdesigned.

ToshowusthatConcordefinallyfailedtobecommerciallyused.

30.Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

Thebasicdataofthenewplane.

Theworkingprincipleofthenewplane.

Theproblemsofthenewplane.

Thepotentialmarketofthenewplane.

31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“endorsement”inparagraph5mean?

response 

B. 

commitment 

investment 

D. 

agreement

32.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?

BecausehewantstoinformpeopleofNASA'

snewplane.

Becausehewantstoprovethedisadvantagesofsupersonicflight.

C. 

Becausehewantstoexplainwhyspeedmattersinsupersonicflight.

D. 

Becausehewantstoclarifysomemisunderstandingsaboutcommercialplanes.

D

Ofallnaturaldisasters,forestfiresareoftenconsideredthemostfrightening.Movingatlightningspeed,hugewallsofflamescanburnacresoflandinjustafewminutes.Andalthoughtechnology,includingtheuseoffire-retardantchemicals,hasgreatlyhelpedthefightagainstforestfires,theystilldogreatdamage.

AccordingtotheNationalInteragencyFireCenter,thefireseasonlastyearwastheworstonrecordintermsofthenumberoffiresandacresburned.Therewere96.385firesand9.873429acresaffectedbyfireinayearthatwas125%moredestructivethanthe10-yearaverage.Thesefirescostthefederalgovernment$1.5billiontofight,andthisfiguredoesnotincludethemon