Book II extra passages for careful readingWord格式.docx
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Iasked.
IalwaysdreamedofhavingacollegeeducationandnowI'
mgettingone!
shetoldme.
Afterclasswewalkedtothestudentunionbuildingandsharedachocolatemilkshake.Webecameinstantfriends.
AttheendofthesemesterweinvitedRosetospeakatourfootballbanquetandI'
llneverforgetwhatshetaughtus.Sheclearedherthroatandbegan:
Wedonotstopplayingbecauseweareold;
wegrowoldbecausewestopplaying.Thereareonlyfoursecretstostayingyoung,beinghappyandachievingsuccess.
Youhavetolaughandfindhumoreachandeveryday.
You'
vegottohaveadream.Whenyouloseyourdreams,youdie.Wehavesomanypeoplewalkingaroundwhoaredeadandtheydon'
tevenknowit!
Thereisagiantdifferencebetweengrowingolderandgrowingup.Ifyouarenineteenyearsoldandlieinbedforonefullyearanddon'
tdooneproductivething,youwillturntwentyyearsold.IfIameighty-sevenyearsoldandstayinbedforayearandneverdoanythingIwillturneighty-eight.Anybodycangrowolder.Thatdoesn'
ttakeanytalentorability.Theideaistogrowupbyalwaysfindingtheopportunityinchange.
Havenoregrets.Theelderlyusuallydon'
thaveregretsforwhatwedid,butratherforthingswedidnotdo.Theonlypeoplewhofeardeatharethosewithregrets."
Sheconcludedherspeechbycourageouslysinging"
TheRose."
Shechallengedeachofustostudythelyricsandlivethemoutinourdailylives.
Atyear'
send,Rosefinishedthecollegedegreeshehadbegunallthoseyearsago.OneweekaftergraduationRosediedpeacefullyinhersleep.Overtwothousandcollegestudentsattendedherfuneralintributetothewonderfulwomanwhotaughtbyexamplethatit'
snevertoolatetobeallyoucanpossiblybe.
1.Whatisthemeaningof“Webecameinstantfriends”inLine5?
A.Webecamefriendsrightaftertheclass.
B.Wenevertalkedtoeachotherafterthen.
C.Wedidnotkeepourfriendshipforalongtime.
D.Weoftenhelpedeachotheraftermakingfriends.
2.Rosewasinvitedtospeakatthefootballbanquetmostprobablybecause________.
A.shewasagreatfootballfan
B.shetriedhardtoachieveherdreams
C.shebecamemoreeducatedthantheprofessors
D.shewasanoutstandingstudentattheuniversity
3.Rosewillagreewiththeideathat________.
A.growingoldermeansgrowingup
B.onecangrowupwithoutdoinganything
C.ittakesone’stalentandabilitytogrowup
D.onegrowsolderatthesametimewhenhegrowsup
4.AccordingtoRose,peoplewillnotfeardeathwhen________.
A.theyfulfillalltheywantto
B.theystillhavedreamstofulfill
C.theybecomeelderlypeople
D.theyfindthechancesinchange
5.Thepassageisintendedto________.
A.tellamovingstoryaboutRose
B.discusswhattodotogrowup
C.instructthereadershowtoliveuptolives
D.teachthereadershowtorealizetheirdreams
Passage2(Unit2,BookII:
CriticalThinking.Discovery)
Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It’snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.
Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestion.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitscertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromoneanother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“nature/nurture”.
Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatoutpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactor.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanythingtodowithourabilities,characteristics,andbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredeterminedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.
Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingwhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;
theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.
Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyinteriortowhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhiteenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.
Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.
1.Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem__________.
A.whyourpersonalitiesandbehaviorsdiffer
B.whatmakesdifferentstagesofintelligence
C.howsocialscientistsformdifferenttheories
D.whatcausesthe“nature/nurture”controversy
2.Theword“proponents”canbestbereplacedby__________.
A.approaches
B.advocates
C.principles
D.characters
3.Whichofthefollowingstatementmaybesupportedbythe“nature”school?
A.Wearebornwithcertainpersonalitiesandbehaviors.
B.Environmenthasnothingtodowithourpersonalities.
C.Abilitiesandcharacteristicsarerevealedbybehaviors.
D.Onlyextremebehaviorsaredeterminedbyinstinct.
4.Whatcanwelearnaboutthebehaviorists?
A.Theybelievehumanbeingsaremechanical.
B.Theycompareourbehaviorstothemachines.
C.Theysuggestthatwereacttotheenvironmentasthemachinesdo.
D.Theyupholdthatthemechanistictheorycanbeappliedonusaswell.
5.The“nature”theoristsbelievethattheblacks’lowscores__________.
A.aretheresultoftheeducationaldisadvantages
B.areamanifestationoftheblacks’poorintelligence
C.havenothingtodowiththeirtrueintelligence
D.havenothingtodowithfactorsotherthanheredity
Passage3(Unit3,BookII:
Recycling.Environmentalissues)
ClimbingtothetopofmynearesthillinSanFrancisco,mypurposeisnottoenjoytheviewbuttoexperienceabitoffreshairandnature.Somebirdsdwellintheseurbanislandsoftrees,bushesandsoil.Sofewpeoplearethere,buttheyarehappy,relaxedandfriendly(unlessinsaneandouttorob).IfindtheviewofSanFranciscoBayandthemetropolismostdisturbing,seeinginalldirectionstheindustrialactivityandoil-fueledtradeofquestionableimportedproducts.Massiveportfacilitiesdwarfthehumanscaleofsustainableimport/export.Averysmallnumberofsailboatsforpleasurecan'
tquiteofferavisionofrenewable-energytravelandexchange.Passengerplanestakeoff,militaryjetsshowofftheirear-splittingcapabilities,allagainstthebackdropofpollutedairthatiswarmingingeneralthankstocommercialactivityandthemindlessconsumptionbytheindividual.Thehillsarefullofroadsandenergy-wastinghouses.It'
snotlikethiseverywhere;
thehillsaroundKyotoarepitchblackatnight,fortheyconsistofforest,trailsandsmall,outdoortemples.
Sevenmillionpeoplesurroundmeinthismetropolitanarea.ThoseamongthemwhoreallycarewhetherBarryBondsusedsteroidstohitbaseballs,orwhatpregnantcelebrityhascheckedintoadrugrehabilitationfacility,arenotlikelytobetryingtolivelightlyontheplanet.Normalcitizensunderthespellofmassmediawanttoconsume,andbegivenanswersandeasyfixes.Suchcitizens,Isuspect,wouldargueaboutthecolor-coordinationoftheshoesandhandbagofthepersoninfrontofthemintheline,likesheep,totheslaughterhouse.Fortheyarealreadythereinline,astheywanttoknowbadlywhat'
soncableTVandwhat'
sinthefreezertoeat.Theymaygetwhattheywanttonight,andagain,andagain,butitwillcometoanabruptend,andwillpeoplepickupashoveltoplantfoodorpickuptheguntotakeothers'
food?
Thatdependsontheareaaffected,theculture(urbanU.S.orotherwise),andpopulationsize.
WhyshouldIbedisturbedbywhatIseenow,whenallisbasicallycalm?
OrfeeluneasyasIstrollaboutinthesafetyofmycomfortablehome?
IsnotSanFranciscoandthesurroundingareaagreatcity,withmanywonderfulpeopleandactivitiestoappreciate?
Whataboutthenoblestrugglesofvaliant,compromisedhard-workingpeople,orthedysfunctionalanddisabledfolkwhoarereallykind?
Thesocialinjusticethatisstillpervasive,inourboastfulageofscientificandtechnologicalpower,isoutrageousandoccupiesmanyofthebestheartsandmindsintheworldwholiveinourverymidst.Muchofwhatailspeople,itisthought,isthattheydonothaveenoughcheap,affordableenergyormaterialthingsthataresupposedtobothsatisfyanduplift.Morepublicfundsforhealthcare,throughanendtocostly,imperialistwars,wouldbethetickettoahealthysociety,i