论文写作 Unit 2 Title Author Affiliation and KeywordsWord文档下载推荐.docx

论文写作 Unit 2 Title Author Affiliation and KeywordsWord文档下载推荐.docx

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Atitleshouldsummarizethecentralideaofthepaperconciselyandcorrectly.Byglancingatthetitle,thereaderwillimmediatelyknow,incorporatingwiththeabstract,whatismainlydealtwithinthepaper.

B.AttractingtheReader

Ifatitleisaccurate,conciseanddistinct,itwillattractreadersalotandstimulatereaderstoreadthewholetext.Aninterestingtitlemaydrawparticularattentionamongprofessionals,foronlywhenreadersareinterestedinthetitlewilltheydecidetoreadthewholepaper.

C.FacilitatingtheRetrieval

Atitleusuallyprovidesleadsfortheinternationalinformationretrievalorganizationstochoosetheappropriatekeywordscontainedinitwhentheyorganizeindexandsecondarydocuments.So,atitleservesasanimportantindexofinformationretrievaltomeettheneedsofextensivepapercommunicationandinformationdissemination.

2.1.2LinguisticFeatures

A.UsingMoreNouns,NounPhrasesandGerunds

Thewordsorphrasesusedinatitleareveryoftennouns,nounphrasesorgerunds,nominalization,whichusuallyarekeywordsforthepaper,havingtheabilitytosumupthewholetext.Nounsornounphrasesusedinatitlecanbeaddedwithpre-modifiersor/andpost-modifiers.Therefore,atitlecannormallybecomposedofnounsornounphrases,adjectives,prepositions,articlesandconjunctions,andoccasionally,pronouns.Ifaverbshouldbeusedinatitle,itshouldbechangedintoitsinfiniteverbalforms,forinstance,presentparticiples,pastparticiplesorgerunds.Forexample,wemayeasilyfindsuchtitlesas:

（1）Civilization'

sSourceandItsImplication.

（2）AMulti-perspectiveAccountofMetlinguisticNegation.

（3）ResearchontheMotivationsofLexisandVocabularyLearningStrategies.

（4）EmotionalTherapeutics:

NewRectifyingApproachesforChildren'

sBehaviorProblems.

B.UsingIncompleteSentences

Atitleisjustalabelofappellation（Aname,title,ordesignation名字，称号）ofthepaper,reflectingthemainideaofthecontent,soevenwhenthereisaneedtogiveatitleintheformofasentence,itdoesnotneedtobeacompletesentence.Acompletedeclarativesentenceusuallymakesatitlecontainingdeterminingimplication.Meanwhile,itappearslackingbrevityandclarity.

Forexample,thetitleNitrendipineIsEffectiveonSevereHypertensionisnotastandardone.Itisacompletedeclarativesentencethatcontainstheauthor'

sdeterminingimplicationoftheeffectofthemedicineNitrendipine.SoitshouldberevisedintoEffectsofNitrendipineonSevereHypertension.

2.1.3WritingRequirements

A.ABCPrinciplesforTitles

Aisforaccuracy,BisforbrevityandCisforclarity,whichistheso-calledABCprinciples.Accuracymeansthatatitlecanappropriatelyexpressandfitintherealityofthepaper.Brevityasksthewritertosummarizethenecessarycontentwiththemostlimitedwords.Claritymeansatitleshouldclearlyreflectthedistinguishingfeaturesofthepaper.

Forexample,ResearchandDevelopmentofSound-transmittedTechnologyisnotatitletoexpressthespecificcontentaccurately.Byanalyzingtheoriginalwritingmaterial,weknowitisapaperaboutsound-transmittedtechnologyusedinon-linemonitoringformachinetools.SoitshouldbecorrectedintoOn-lineMonitoringforCuttingonMachineToolsbyUsingSound-transmittedTechnology.

B.BeingBriefandConcise

Generally,atitleiscomposedofnomorethantwentywords.Ifatitleistoolong,itwillbedifficultforreaderstocatchthemeaningofthecontentandrememberit.Ifthewriterfailstostatehisideaclearlyinafewwords,hecanuseasubtitle.Tobebriefandconcise,professionalpapersseldomusesuchdecorativelocutions（phraseoridiom短语;

惯用语）as“onthe....”“regarding....”“investigationon...”,....“themethodof...”,....“somethoughtson...”,....“aresearchof...,”andetc.,whichleadtoredundancy.Ofcourse,thetitlemustbelongenoughtodescribethecontentofthepaper.Tooshortatitle,sometimes,maybringaboutconfusion.

C.BeingSpecific

Inpreparingthetitleofapaper,ageneralandabstracttitleshouldbeavoided.Forexample,suchatitleasComputerSimulationsoftheMeasurementwillberegardedastoogeneralandglobal,vagueandempty,tellingthereadernothingspecific.ItwouldbebettertochangethetitleintosomethinglikeComputerSimulationsoftheMeasurementofQuadraticElectro-opticCoefficientsAssociatedwithRotationsofthePrincipalAxesoftheOpticalPermittivityTensor（JournalofOpticsA:

PureAppl.Opt.5,2003,147）,accordingtothecontentofthepaper.Therevisedtitlecangreatlyhighlighttheemphasisandparticularityofthework.

D.AvoidingQuestionTitles

Aquestiontitlemeansacompletesentenceinthequestionform.Suchtitlesareusuallynotusedinanacademicpaper（especiallyinnaturalsciences）,becausetheyalwaysincludesomeredundantquestionwordsandmarks,forexample,“Isthere...?

”“Whendoes...?

”“Shouldthe...?

”“Isit...?

”andsoon.Whatisworse,suchatitlecreatesinconvenienceforinformationretrieval.Ifyourtitlereallycontainsaninterrogation,youmayadopttheformof“thequestionwords+infinitive,”forexample,EssentialStepsforWritingaTitlePage:

HowtoPreparetheTitle,Authors/AffiliationsandKeywords.ThetitleWhenShouldNerveGapsBeGrafted?

AnExperimentalStudyonRatsshouldbechangedintoOptimalTimeforNerveGapsGrafting:

AnExperimentalStudyonRats.

E.BeingUnified

Theparallelpartsofatitleshouldbegrammaticallysymmetrical.Thatistosay,nounsshouldbematchedwithnouns,gerundswithgerunds,etc.Ingeneral,nounsandgerundsshouldnotbemixedinagiventitle.Forinstance,thetitleDigitalLaserMicrointerferometerandItsApplyingshouldbechangedintoDigitalLaserMicrointerferometerandItsApplicationsandthetitleMeasuringofSurfaceShapeandDeformationbyPhase-ShiftingImageDigitalHolographyshouldbereplacedbyMeasurementofSurfaceShapeandDeformationbyPhase-ShiftingImageDigitalHolography（2003SocietyofPhoto-OpticalInstrumentationEngineers,1267）.

F.BeingStandard

Ingeneral,nonstandardabbreviationsandsymbolsand/oranytermsorphraseologyintelligibleonlytothespecialistshouldbeavoided,becausetheuseofthemcouldbeveryunfavorabletoefficientinformationretrieval.

Prepositionsusedintitlesshouldbecorrect.Prepositionsareflexible.Itshouldbenoticedthattheyareusuallyusedinsomecertainexpressions.Prepositionofshouldbepaidmoreattentiontobecauseitisfrequentlyusedinsomeexpressions.Butreaderswillbeborediftheyfindmorethantwoof’sappearinginonetitlesubsequently.Ifpossible,prepositionsonorforcanreplaceof.Sometimesapostrophecanbeusedinatitle.Additionally,withthedevelopmentoflanguage,itiscommontouseanountomodifyanothernoun.

Recently,titlestendtobebrief.Soarticlesshouldbeomittedwhentheyarenotnecessaryenough.

2.1.4SomeOtherRequirementsforTitles

A.Words'

NumberLimitation

Generally,thenumberislimitedwithin10wordsandshouldn'

tbeoverthelimitationof15words.Certainly,thelimitationisnotabsolute.Ifnecessary,itcanbeexceeded.Hereareonlysomereferentfigures.Thegeneralregulationisfixed:

basedonanaccurate,briefandcleartitle,thefewerofthewordsweuse,thebetterthetitleis.

B.HowtoNameaTitle

Atitleshouldgiveprominencetothecentralideaoftheresearchpaper.Themostimportantkeywords,whichshowthemainideaofapaper,arenormallyfixedfirstinatitle.Thatwilldrawreaders'

attention.

Recently,someauthorsliketocrownatitlewithsuchwordsas:

（1）Observationon,Comparisonbetween,Improvementof,andetc.toshowtheaimofwritingthepaper.

（2）NuclearEnergyinChina,AIDSintheUnitedStates,PatientswithBreastCancer,DepressioninElderly,andetc.totellreaderstheobjectoftheresearch.

（3）ExperimentalStudyofLaserProcessingofAnalysisof,andetc.totelltheresearchmethod.

（4）Resultsof,Verificationof,Follow-upof,andetc.toshowtheresultoftheresearch.

（5）RealizingtheImportanceof,IsRegressionAnalysisNecessaryfor...?

andetc.tointroducethethesis.

Itoughttobenoticedthatweshouldnotapplytheaboveexpressionsmechanically.Butweshouldusethemaccordingtothecertainsituation.Ingeneral,theABCprinciplesareapplicableforever.

C.AbbreviationsinTitles

Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,agreatamountoftechnologicaltermscomeintobeing.Allthesetermsconsistofnouns.Itisinconvenienttobewrittenandprintedorrecountedorally.Thus,theyareexpressedbytheabbreviationsoftheformationofnouns,andmostofthemaretheacronymformedbythefirstletterofeverynoun.Butweshouldseverelyusetheabbreviationsintitles--onlythoseabbreviations,whosefulltermsareratherlongandwhicharegenerallyacknowledgedinthescientificfieldandveryfamiliartoreaders,canbeused,suchas:

（1）LASER（lightamplificationbystimulatedemissionofradiation,激光）.

（2）DNA（deoxyribonucleicacid,脱氧核糖核酸）.

（3）AIDS（acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome,爱滋病

（