答案英国文学史名词解释Word文件下载.docx

答案英国文学史名词解释Word文件下载.docx

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4.TheoldEnglishpoetrycanbedividedintotwogroups:

thepoetryandthe

poetry.（secular,religious）

5.istheoldestpoemintheEnglishlanguage,andalsotheoldestsurvivingepicin

theEnglishlanguage.（Beowulf）

II.

1.isthefirstimportantreligiouspoetinEnglishliterature.

A.JohnDonneB.GeorgeHerbertC.CaedmonD.Milton

2.InAnglo-Saxonperiod,Beowulfrepresentedthepoetry.

A.paganB.religiousC.romanticD.sentimental

III.Definetheliteraryterms

1.Epic

Itis,originally,anoralnarrativepoem,majesticbothinthemeandstyle.Epicsdealwithlegendaryorhistoricaleventsofnationaloruniversalsignificance,involvingactionofbroadsweepandgrandeur.Mostepicsdealwiththeexploitsofasingleindividual.Thecharacteristicsoftheheroofanepicarenationalratherthanindividual.Typically,anepicincludesseveralfeatures:

theintroductionofsupernaturalforcesthatshapetheaction;

conflictintheformofbattlesorotherphysicalcombat;

andstylisticconventionssuchasaninvocationtotheMuse,aformalstatementofthetheme,longlistsoftheprotagonistinvolved,andsetspeechescouchedinelevatedlanguage.ExamplesincludetheancientGreekepicsbyHomer,IliadandOdyssey,TheFaerieQueenebyEdmundSpenserandTheParadiseLostbyJohnMilton.

2.Alliteration

Arepeatedinitialconsonanttosuccessivewords.

TheAnglo-NormanPeriod

1.Intheyear,atthebattleof,theNormansheadedbyWilliam,Duke

ofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons.

2.TheliteraturewhichNormansbroughttoEnglandisremarkableforitsbright,romantictalesofand,inmarkedcontrastwiththeandofAnglo-Saxonpoetry.

3.TheliteratureoftheAngio-Normanperiodwasofthreeclasses:

thematterof;

matterof;

matterof.

4.aftertheConquest,feudalsystemwasestablishedinEnglishsociety.（Norman）

5.ThemostprevalentkindofliteratureinfeudalEnglandwas.Itwasalong

composition,sometimesinverse,sometimesinprose,describingthelifeandadventureofanoblehero.（romanee）

GeoffreyChaucer

1.GeoffreyChaucer,the“”andoneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsof

England,wasborninLondoninorabouttheyear1340.

2.BeingspeciallyfondofthegreatwriterBoccaccio,Chaucercomposesalong

narrativepoem,baseduponBoccaccio'

poem.

3.ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliteraryIanguage,thebasisofwhich

wasformedbythedialect,soprofuselyusedbythepoet.

4.Chaucer'

masterpieceis,oneofthemostfamousworksinallliterature.

5.ThePrologueisasplendidmasterpieceofportrayal,thefirstofitskindinthe

historyofEnglishliterature.

6.Inhisgreatestwork,TheCanterburyTales,Chaucercreatedastrikinglybrilliantand

picturesquepanoramaofhisandhis.

7.Chaucer'

workispermeatedwithbuoyantfree-thinking,socharacteristicoftheageofwhoseimmediateforerunnerChaucerthusbecomes.

II.Definetheliteraryterms

1.Romanee

ItisaliterarygenrepopularintheMiddleAges,dealing,inverseorprose,withlegendary,supernatural,oramoroussubjectsandcharacters.Thetermwasappliedtotalesspecificallyconcernedwithknights,chivalry,andcourtlylove.PopularsubjectsforromancesincludedtheMacedonianKingAlexandertheGreat,KingArthurofBritainandtheknightsoftheRoundTable,andEmperorCharlemagne.

2.Ballad

Itisalyricpoemgenerallyofthreeeight-linestanzaswithaconcludingstanzaoffourlinescalledanenvoy.Withsomevariations,thelinesofaballadareiambicoranapestictetrameterrhymingababbcbc;

theenvoy,whichformsapersonaldedicationtosomepersonofimportaneeortoapersonification.TheballadbecamepopularinEnglandinthelate14thcentury.

Renaissanee

I.Completethefollowingstatementswithaproperwordoraphraseaccordingtothetextbook.

1.The16thcenturyinEnglandwasaperiodofthebreakingupof

relationsandtheestablishingofthefoundationsof.

2.The16hcenturywasatimewhen,accordingtoThomasMore,“”.

3.ThetermoriginallyindicatedarevivalofclassicGreekandRomanartsand

sciencesafterthedarkagesofobscurantism.（Renaissanee）

4.brokeoffwiththePope,dissolvedallthemonasteriesandabbeysin

thecountry,confiscatedtheirlandsandproclaimedhimselfheadof

5.TheoldEnglisharistocracyhavingexterminatedinthecourseof,a

newnobility,totallydependentontheking'

power,cametothefore.

6.Atthebeginningofthe16thcenturytheoutstandinghumanistwrote

hisUtopiainwhichhegaveaprofoundandtruthfulpictureofthepeople'

sufferingsandputforwardhisidealofafuturehappysociety.

7.EdmundSpenserwastheauthorofthegreatestepicpoemofthetime,.

8.ThegreatestofthepioneersofEnglishdramawaswhoreformedthat

genreinEnglandandperfectedtheIanguageandverseofdramaticworks.

9.WilliamShakespearewasbornonthe23rdofApril,,in,

Warwickshire.

10.speaksthefamousTobe,ornottobe”

11.Shakespearessonnetsfallintotwoseries:

Thefirst126sonnetsareaddressedto

ayoungman,andtherest（exceptthelasttwoones）areaddressedto.

（darklady）

12.ThefourgreattragediesinShakespearesmatureperiodare,,

and.（Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth）

13.Popedescribeasthewisest,brightest,meanestofmankind'

.

14.OfBaconsliteraryworks,themostimportantarethe.

II.Definetheliterarytermslistedbelow.

1.Renaissanee:

Renaissanee,meaningrebirth'

orrevival'

marksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Generally,itreferstotheperiodbetweenthe14andmid-17centuries.ItfirststartedinItaly,withthefloweringofpainting,sculpture,architecture,andliterature.FromItalythemovementspreadtotherestofEurope.Itisamovementstimulatedbyaseriesofhistoricalevents,suchastherediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture,thenewdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology,thereligiousreformationandtheeconomicexpansion.

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.TheRenaissancehumanistthinkersfoundthathumanbeingsweregloriouscreaturescapableofindividualdevelopmentinthedirectionofperfection,andthattheworldtheyinhabitedwastheirsnottodespisebuttoquestion,explore,andenjoy.Tothem,nothingwasimpossibletoaccomplish.Thus,byemphasizingthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportaneeofthepresentlife,theyvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthislife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders.

2.SonnetItisalyricalpoemoffourteenlinesthatfollowsastrictrhymeschemeTraditionally,whenwritingsonnets,Englishpoetsusuallyemployiambicpentamete.Oneofthebest-knownsonnetwritersisShakespearewhowrote154ofthem.AShakespeareansonnetconsistsof14lines,andeachlineiswritteniniambicpentameterTherhymeschemeinaShakespeareansonnetisABABCDCDEFEFGG,inwhichthelasttwolinesarearhymedcouplet.

3.Allegory:

ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings:

aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning

4.Humanism:

HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.ltemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingsandtheimportanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniverseandmandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyofthepresentlife,buthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselfandperformwonders

III.LiteraryComprehensionandAnalysis

ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'

sday?

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,Andsummer'

sleasehathalltooshortadate:

Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed,Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychance,ornature'

schangingcourseuntrimmed:

Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'

st,

Norshalldeathbragthouwander'

stinhisshade,Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.

Questions:

1.Bymeansofwhatcomparisondoestheauthorachievethismovement

fromtangibletointangible?

Tracehislogictoshowhismovement

2.Whatdoesthis”refertointhelastline?

Whatisthespeaker'

purposeinwritinghiseternallinesandwhatconditionsarenecessaryforhispurposetobecarriedout?

1.Theauthorfirstcomparestheyouthwithasummerday,butthensaysthattheyouthismoregentlethanasummerday.Heexplainsthatthesummercanbeimperfectwiththedestructivewindandthehotsun,whichwillbedimmedbyovercastandclouds.Thenheannouncesthattheyouthwillpossesseternalbeautyandperfection,thusachieveshismovementfromthetangiblenaturalobjectstotheintangibleyouth.

2.This”referstothepoemwrittenbythea