Language.docx
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Language
Language
牛津高中英语教学设计
单元:
unit2language
板块:
grammarandusage2
课堂设计指导思想:
万事皆有规律,规律是事物必然的、内在的、稳定的、固有的联系。
语言学习中的规律则是语法。
语法是枯燥的规律,但在这些规律指导下的语言是丰富多彩、生动活泼的。
语法的教学既要讲透规律,更要帮助学生通过多种途径,加深对于规律的感性认识,从而帮助学生将规律内化为语言使用的范式,进而成为自觉的语言综合运用的能力。
本节语法课从学生已有认知开始,带领学生温故知新,体验新的学习,并通过多种途径推动学生对语法规律的感性认识。
teachingaims:
1.tolearnallnounclausesandhelpstudentsjudgedifferentnounclauses;
2.tolearnquestionwordsinnounclause;
3.tolearnhowtouseitasanemptysubject.
teachingprocedures:
step1lead-in
i.gooverthedifferentnounclausessuchassubjectclause,objectclause,predictiveclause,andappositiveclause.
1.youknowthatiamateacherofenglish.(objectclause)
2.thatiamateacherofenglishisknowntoyouall.(subjectclause)
3.itisknowntoyouallthatiamateacherofenglish.(subjectclause)
4.thefactthatiamateacherofenglishisknowntoyouall.(appositiveclause)
5.iamworriedaboutwhetheryoucandowellintheexam.(objectclause)
6.whatiamworriedaboutiswhetheryoucandowellintheexam.
(subjectclause)(predictiveclause)
ii.introduceallquestionwordsinnounclauses,suchaswhat,which,who,whom,where,when,how,why,andwhose.tellstudentstopayattentiontotheorderofnounclausesanddon’tleaveoutquestionwords.
conjunctionsofnounclauses:
连接词:
that,whether,if,asif(asthough)
连接代词:
what,whatever,who,whoever,
whom,whose,which(作主语/宾语)
连接副词:
when,where,how,why(作状语)
【设计说明】因为这是语法名词性从句的secondperiod,所以一开始先对上一单元语法的firstperiod进行简单复习与回顾——名词性从句的种类及语法成分,然后对名词性从句的连词进行归类,过渡到本课内容——由疑问词引导的名词性从句。
theteacherstartsthelessonwithashortintroductionofherself.acompetitionisheldtoguessdifferentcareers.andthetopicof‘director’isintroduced.
step2nounclausesintroducedbyquestionwords:
1)whatwashedoing?
hisfatherwassurprised.
whathewasdoingsurprisedhisfather.
subjectclause主语从句
2)what’syourfirstimpressionofhim?
iwanttoknow.
iwanttoknowwhatyourfirstimpressionofhimis.共6页,当前第1页123456
objectclause宾语从句
3)howcanimakeagrammarlessoninteresting?
thatismyquestion.
myquestionishowicanmakeagrammarlessoninteresting.
predicativeclause表语从句
4)howdidpeterrespondtothatquestion?
ihavenoidea.
ihavenoideahowpeterrespondedtothatquestion.
appositiveclause同位语从句
attention:
1.wechangethewordorderinaclauseafteraquestionwordintothatofastatement.
2.wecannotleaveoutthequestionwordsinnounclausesinanycases.
checkwhetherthesentencesaretrueorfalse:
他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。
howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(f)
howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.(t)
你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗?
couldyoutellmewhatwasthematterwithme.(t)
couldyoutellmewhatthematterwaswithme.(f)
fillintheblanksusing“that/whether/where/how/when
1.ihavenoidea__where_______hecomesfrom.
2._how_______hegotthemoneyisstilluncertain.
3.hegaveusmanysuggestions__that______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.
4.ihavenodoubt____that____hewillwin.
5.ihavesomedoubt_whether_______hewillwin.
6.thethingthattroublesmeis__when____toheadforeurope.
【设计说明】通过把2个简单的句子合并成一个名词性从句,练习疑问词引导的名词性从句。
并提出注意点:
1)疑问词后的名词性从句语序要用陈述句的语序;2)任何连接名词性从句的wh-连词都不能省。
再通过判断和填空的练习,巩固这部分内容。
step3“it”asemptysubjectandobject
i.reviewthefunctionof“it”:
1.it’sabook.(指代)
2.it’steno’clock.(时间)
3.it’srainingoutside.(天气)
4.it’salongwaytothemuseum.(距离)
ii.emptysubject“it”:
1.wecanuseitasanemptysubject
a.whenweuseanounclauseasthesubjectofasentence.
a.(preferable)itiscertainthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandoldenglishtoday.=
(correct)thatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandoldenglishtodayiscertain.
b.(preferable)itiseasytoanswerwhetherenglishwillcontinuechanginginthefuture.=
(correct)whetherenglishwillcontinuechanginginthefutureiseasytoanswer.
c.(preferable)itdependsonthestyleofwritingwhenweusecertainwords.=
(correct)whenweusecertainwordsdependsonthestyleofwriting.共6页,当前第2页123456
b.whenthesubjectisato-infinitive.
a.(preferable)itishardtomasteraforeignlanguage.=
(correct)tomasteraforeignlanguageishard.
b.(preferable)itisimportanttoknowhowtouseacomputer.=
(correct)toknowhowtouseacomputerisimportant.
c.whenthesubjectisav-ingform.
a.(preferable)smokingisdifficulttostop.=
(correct)itisdifficulttostopsmoking.
b.(preferable)travellingtobeijingtakesupalotofmytime.=
(correct)ittakesalotofmytimetravellingtobeijing.
tip:
weusuallyusetheemptysubjectitwithaclauseorto-infinitive(preferable),butwiththev-ingformweprefertherealsubjectatthebeginning.
ш.itcanalsobeusedbeforeseem,appear,happen,chance,turnoutandproveastheemptysubjectofasentence.
a.itseemsthathespeakstwolanguages.=
heseemstospeaktwolanguages.
b.ithappensthatmynewneighborcomesfrommyhometown.=
mynewneighborhappenstocomefrommyhometown.
iv.wecanemphasizethesubject,object,oradverbialinasentencebyusingit+be+theword/phraseyouemphasize+aclauseintroducedbythatorwho.
thepartweemphasize:
1.itisprof.liwhoteachesusenglish.(emphasizethesubject)
2.itisenglishthatprof.liteachesus.(emphasizetheobject)
3.itwasinshanghaithatisawthefilm.(emphasizetheadverbial)
multiplechoices:
1、___d___isafactthatenglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(nmet1995)
a.thereb.thisc.thatd.it
2.ilike___c___intheautumnwhentheweatherisclearandbright.(04全国)
athisbthatcitdone
3、thechairmanthought___b___necessarytoinviteprofessorsmithtospeakatthemeeting.(05全国卷1)
a.thatb.it c.thisd.him
brainstorming:
itis________________thatkeepsushealthy.
【设计说明】先简单复习“it”的功能。
在英语中为了避免头重脚轻,我们经常把主要信息放在句子后面部分,而用it作形式主语。
然后讲解it的用途:
当真正主语为从句或不定式时,最好用it作形式主语,当真正主语为v-ing时,还是把v-ing主语放句首。
之后配上一定练习和造句进行巩固。
step4otherimportantcasesofnounclauses:
i.同位语从句和定语从句的区别:
1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容。
定语从句中that不但起连接作用,而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分,充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。
共6页,当前第3页123456
2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,表明中心词的具体内容。
引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。
attributiveorappositive
1)weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.(at)
2)weexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometochinaagain.(ap)
3)theinformationhasbeenannouncedthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.(ap)
4)theinformationthatherevealedatthemeetingisofgreatvalue.(at)
ii.疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别:
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。
whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。
如:
whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
iii.名词性从句中的虚拟语气问题:
1.在order、suggest、demand、request、advise、beanxiousthat等所接的宾语从句中用“should”型虚拟语气,“should”常省略。
在order、suggestion等名词后同位语从句、表语从句中用“should”型虚拟语气,可省略“should”.
2.在asif、asthough引导的表语从句中,在必要的情况下应用过去式虚拟语气。
3.在suggest、insist后会出现两种语气:
hesuggestedthati(should)turntomyboss.
theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewasangry
theoldmaninsistedthathewasstillyoung.
thepoliceinsistedthatweshouldofferproof.
4.在主语从句中:
itisnecessary/important/strange/natural/…that…
5.wish后,从句中的时态在原本的时态上退一步。
高考链接:
1、someoneisringingthedoorbell.goandsee_d___.(全国XX)
a.whoisheb.whoheisc.whoisitd.whoitis
2、thephotographswillshowyou__b__.(met1989)
a.whatdoesourvillagelooklike
b.whatourvillagelookslike
c.howdoesourvillagelooklike
d.howourvillagelookslike
3.itisstrangethathe___b__youthis.
a.wouldtellb.shouldtellc.hadtoldd.hastold
4.whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis__b___mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(XX上海)
a.whenb.ifc.whetherd.why
5.greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.itisnolonger___a___itwas20yearsago,_____itwassopoorlyequipped.(XX安徽)共6页,当前第4页123456
a.what;whenb.that;which
c.what;whichd.which;that
6.__c___leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.(met1988)
a.anyoneb.thepersonc.whoeverd.who
7.iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize__a_sillymistakesihadmade.(XX湖南)
a.what b.thatc.howd.which
8.parentsaretaughttounderstand____b__importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(XX广东)
a.thatb.howc.suchd.so
9.theteacherdemandedthatthework___b__before4o’clock.
a.finishedb.befinishedc.shouldfinishd.finish
10.hissuggestionthatyou___a__oncemoresoundsreasonable.
a.tryb.triesc.musttryd.cantry
11.scientiststhinkthatthecontinents___c___alwayswherethey_____today.
(XX北京)
a.aren’t;areb.aren’t;were
c.weren’t;ared.weren’t;were
12、—hurryup!
aliceandsuearewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.
—oh!
ithoughtthey___d___withoutme.(XX江西)
a.wentb.aregoingc.havegoned.hadgone
13.iwish—icouldworkfortheun_____(我能为联合国工作)。
14.howiwish—ihadattendedtheopeningceremonyyesterday__(我昨天参加了开幕式)。
【设计说明】通过讲解和高考题的训练,补充完善名词性从句考点,做到讲练结合。
如同位语从句与定语从句的比较区别,引导词“that”与“what、thatif”与“whether”的区别、名词性从句的时态和语序问题等。
step5finishthefollowingdialoguebyfillingintheproperwords
jerry:
i’majournalistfromchina,congratulationsonwinningtheelectionofpresident.
obama:
thankyou!
j:
ioftenwonder_why__youhavesomanyfansandsupporters.
o:
iamreallygrateful.itistheirsupportandfaithinme___that_makemesuccess