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外文翻译
外文翻译
毕业设计题目:
织物防水性能计算机自动评判系统
中润湿边界域识别及等级评定研究
原文1:
Anewfuzzyedgedetectionalgorithm
译文1:
一种新的模糊边缘检测算法
原文2:
CondensationofWaterVapor
onWaterproofBreathableFabrics
译文2:
微孔膜防水透湿织物热湿传递中织物表面凝结
Anewfuzzyedgedetectionalgorithm
SunWeiXiaLianzheng
(DepartmentofAutomaticControlEngineering,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing,210096,China)
Abstract:
Baseduponthemaximumentropytheoremofinformationtheory,anovelfuzzyapproachforedgedetectionispresented.Firstly,adefinitionoffuzzypartitionentropyisproposedafterintroducingtheconceptoffuzzyprobabilityandfuzzypartition,Therelationoftheprobabilitypartitionandthefuzzyc-partitionoftheimagegradientareusedinthealgorithm。
Secondly,basedontheconditionalprobabilitiesandthefurypartition,theoptimalthresholdingissearchedadaptivelythroughthemaximumfuzzyentropyprinciple,andthentheedgeimageisobtained。
Lastly,anedge-enhancingprocedureisexecutedontheedgeimage.Theexperimentalresultsshowthattheproposedapproachperformswell。
Keywords:
edgedetection;fuzzyentropy;imagesegmentation;fuzzypartition
Imagesegmentationisanimportanttopicforimageanalysis,computervisionandpatternrecognition.Untilnow,manyclassicaledgedetectionalgorithmshavebeenputforward.Inrecentyears,fuzzysettheoryhasbeensuccessfullyappliedtomanyareas,suchasautomationcontrol,imageprocessing,patternrecognitionandcomputervision,etc.Itisgenerallybelievedthatimageprocessingbearssomefuzzinessinnatureduetothefollowingfactors:
①Informationlosswhilemapping3-Dobjectsinto2-Dimages;②Ambiguityandvaguenessinsomedefinitions(suchasedges,boundaries,regions,andtextures,etc.);③Ambiguityandvaguenessininterpretinglow-levelimageprocessingresults.Therefore,fuzzytechniqueshavefrequentlybeenusedinimagesegmentation.
JinLizuo.eta1.proposedanewdefinitionoffuzzypartitionentropyusingtheconditionalprobabilityandconditionalentropy,anddesignedanewthresholdingselectionalgorithmbasedonthemaximumfuzzyentropy.Thispaperextendstheapplicationoftheworktotheproblemoftheedgedetectionandpresentsanewfuzzyedgedetectionalgorithm.Inthealgorithm,agradientimageisconsideredasbeingcomposedofanedgeregionandasmoothregion.Basedontheconditionalprobabilityandthefuzzypartitionentropy,theoptimalthresholdingissearchedadaptivelythroughmaximumfuzzyentropyprinciple.Therearetwomajordifferencesbetweentheproblemsoftheedgedetectionandtheimagethresholdingsegmentation.First,theproblemisactuallyreducedtoatwo-levelthresholdingproblem,wherethepurposeofthresholdingistopartitiontheimageintotworegions:
anedgeregionandasmoothregion.Second,inordertofindthebestcompactrepresentationoftheimageedgesandcontours,thegradientimageisprocessed.Theexperimentalresultsshowtheeffectivenessofthealgorithm.
Therestofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.Insection1,webrieflyoutlinetheconceptoffuzzyprobabilityandfuzzypartitionentropy.Insection2,wedescribethefuzzyedgedetectionalgorithm,Insection3,theexperimentalresultsandconclusionsarepresented.
2.4Edgedetection
Lettheedgeimagebe
thencalculateitas
(1)
Spuriousorweakedges(intensitydiscontinuities)mayresultintheimageedgerepresentationduetomanyfactorsamongthemarenoiseandbreaksintheboundarybetweentworegionsduetonon—uniformillumination.Inthissection,eintroduceasimpleyeteffectiveprocedureforremovingspuriousorweakedges.Theprocedureisasfollows:
1)Runa3×3pixelwindowontheedgeimage.wherethecenterofthewindowimposedoneachlocation(x,y);
2)Sumthenumberofpointswhichhavebeenclassifiedasedgeinthewindow,ifthenumberisgreaterthanfour,leavetheseedgepoints,elsetheyrepresentweakorspuriousedges.
3)ExperimentalResultsandconclusions
Inthissection,theexperimentsonvariouskindsofimageshavebeencarriedoutwithproposedmethod.ThethreeoriginalimagesareselectedandshowninFigs.2—4.Fig.2isanairplaneimage.Thesizeofwhichis212×200pixe1.Themembershipfunctionparametersset(a,b)=(5,157)andtheimagethresholdingis81.Fig.3isababoonimage,thesizeofwhichis202×200pixe1.Themembershipfunctionsparameterset(a,b)=(6,164)andtheimagethresholdingis85.Fig.4isaLenaimage,thesizeofwhichis212×208pixe1.Themembershipfunctionparametersset(a,b)=(3,147)andtheimagethresholdingis75.
Inthispaper,wecombineconditionalprobabilitywithfuzzymaximumentropytointroduceanewfuzzyedgedetectionalgorithm.Theexperimentalresu1tsshowthatthisalgorithmperformswell.Itisverifiedthatsegmentationmethods,whichcombinefuzzystatistics.aresuitablefortheoryfurtherresearch.
作者:
孙伟夏良正
国籍:
中国
出处:
东南大学学报(英文版).第二期.卷20.2003.
一种新的模糊边缘检测算法
孙伟夏良正
(东南大学自动控制系,南京210096)
摘要:
基于信息论中最大熵原理,提出了一种新的模糊边缘检测算法。
首先介绍了模糊概率、用条件概率与条件熵定义模糊划分熵的概念以及模糊划分的原理。
算法利用了自然划分以及梯度图像模糊划分的关系,在条件概率与模糊划分熵的基础上,通过最大模糊熵原则实现图像分割中最优阈值的自动提取,从而实现图像的边缘检测。
对不同测试图像的边缘检测结果进行比较,表明了该算法的有效性。
关键词:
边缘检测;模糊熵;图像分割;模糊划分
图像分割是图像分析、计算机视觉和模式识别的一个重要课题,直至现在,许多经典的边缘检测算法已提出。
在最近的几年,模糊理论已经在很多领域运用,如自动化控制,图象处理,模式识别和计算机视觉等。
人们普遍认为在自然条件下图像处理负有一定的模糊性是由于下列因素:
①信息的丢失当3-D的物体转换为2-D图像;②在定义上(例如边缘,边界地区,纹理,等等)的二异性;③低级别图像处理后解释的二异性因此,模糊技术经常在图像分割上使用。
利用条件概率与条件熵,JinLizuo等人提出了一个新的定义模糊划分熵,并设计了一个新的阈值选择算法基于最大模糊熵。
本文把该方法延伸运用到边缘检测方法,并提出了一个新的模糊边缘检测算法。
在算法中,梯度图像被视为是由一个边缘地区的和平稳的地区组成的,基于条件概率及模糊划分熵。
最优阈值搜寻是模糊最大熵原则实现的。
这有两个主要的区别问题的边缘检测和图像分割。
首先,这一问题实际上是减少了两个级别的阈值问题,目的是通过阈值把图像分割成两个区域:
一个边缘地区和平稳地区。
第二,通过梯度图像处理,可以找到最好的紧凑的有代表性的图像边缘和轮廓。
实验结果表明该算法的有效性。
文章的其余部分组织如下:
第一部分,我们简述概念模糊概率及模糊划分。
第二部分,我们描述的模糊边缘检测算法。
在第三部分中,实验结果和结论等。
2.4边缘检测
另边缘图像为e(x,y),然后计算如下:
(1)
由于其他很多的原因,边沿会变成假的或效果不好的(强度不连续);其中有噪音和两部分边界断裂是,因非均匀照明。
在这部分中,我们引进了一种简单而有效的程序,清除假的或效果不好的边沿。
程序如下:
1)在边缘图像上,运行一个3×3像素的窗口,窗口的中心在点(x,y)上;
2)把在窗口中,已经通过边缘分类的点全部加起来,假如这个数字大于4,离开这个边缘点,否则他们代表假的或效果不好的边缘点。
3)实验结果与结论
在这一部分中,所有的实验都是在前面提出的方法上处理。
三幅原始图像和处理过的图像如图2~4所示。
2是一幅飞机的图像,大小为212×200个像素点,成员函数的参数设定(a,b)=(5,157)和图像阈值是81。
3是狒狒的图像,大小为202×200个像素点,成员函数的参数设定(a,b)=(6,164)和图像阈值是85。
4是Lena的图像,大小为212×208个像素点,成员函数的参数设定(a,b)=(3,147)和图像阈值是75。
在这篇文章中,我们把有条件的概率与模糊最大熵引入到一种新的模糊边缘检测算法.实验结果表明,这种算法不错.它证实了分割的方法,并和模糊统计结合起来,适合的进一步研究。
CondensationofWaterVaporonWaterproofBreathableFabrics
Condensationoccurswhenthelocalvaporpressurerisesabovethesaturationvaporpressureatthelocaltemperatureintheory.Anewmeasuringapparatusweremadetoobtaintemperatureandrelativehumiditysimultaneouslyforthepurposeofinvestigatingthemechanismofcondensationoccurredonthefabrics.Theexperimentconductedatthestandardconditionoftemperatureof20°Candrelativehumidityof65%.Theresultobtainedfromexperimentshowedthatcondensationcouldoccurunderthesituationclosedtosaturationlineasthetemperatureonfabricmaybelowerthandewpointofwatervaporinthemeasuringboxdependingontheexperimentconductedatanambientenvironmenttemperatureof20°C.TherangeoffabricsstudiedshowedthatPTFElaminatedfabricsexceptnylonginghamPTFElaminatedfabricfacilitatesthelossofwatervaporandthereforepreventcondensation.Itisnecessarytodevelopstudiesfromawiderangeoffabrics,especiallybreathablefabricsandunderbadexperimentconditioninordertodevelopfabrics,whichcouldeliminatecondensation,ortransportwatervaporthroughthefabricwhileremainingwaterproof.
Keywords:
condensation;waterproofbreathablefabric.
Introduction
Thehumanbodythroughtheprocessofmetabolismisconstantlygeneratingthermalenergyandmoisture,whichexchangethroughthetextilelayerswithitsenvironment.Asperspirationescapesfromthehumanbodywhenthewatervaportransferfromclothingislow.condensationdefinedaswaterdropletcollectedontheinnersurfaceoftheclothingmayoccur,providedthatthelocalvaporpressurerisesabovethesaturationvaporpressureatthelocaltemperature.
KeighleyandRuckmansuggestedfromtheorythatthecondensationoccurringonthefabricsmaybepredictedifasaturationlineandwatervaporconcentrationlineisutilized.KeighleydevelopedamethodthatinvolvedmeasurementofwatervaporconcentrationutilizinginfraredabsorptionatthespecificfrequencyofastrongwatervaporabsorptionandRuckmanprovidedasolutiontotheproblemofcondensationontheinnersurfaceoffabricbyperforatingmetalcylindersimulatingtheperspiringhumanbodytoinvestigatethecouplemechanismsofwatervaportransferandheattransfer.Morerecently,RenandRuckmanstudiedthewatervaportransferratewhencondensationoccursonthesurfaceofdifferencetypeofwaterproofbreathablefabricstoascertainwhethertheamountofcondensationwillaffectthewatervaportransferrate.Amethodsprayingwaterontothehotsurfaceofthefabricwasemployedtosimulatedropletcondensation.whilstadiscussionofthemeritsofwaterproofbreathablefabricsfocusedontheabilityofthesefabricstoreducebothheatstressanduncomfortablesensationofwetnesswhileprovidingprotectionfromwindandrain.
A1laboveresearchesfocusontheeffectofcondensationonheatandwatervaportransfer.Whilstnoresearchhasbeenconductedtostudywhetherthecondensationformedontheinnersurfaceofafabric.thispaperdescribedthedetailsofthemeasuringapparatusinvestigatedthemechanismofcondensationoccurredonthefabricsandalsopresentedtypicalmeasuringresultsforrepresentativeoffabricsincludedwaterproofbreathablefabrics.
Theories
Condensationoccurswhenthelocalvaporpressurerisesabovethesaturationvaporpressureatthelocaltemperature.Thesaturationlineisdescribedthewatervaporpressuregivingriseto