Unit 1 Ways of Learning上课讲义.docx

Unit 1 Ways of Learning上课讲义.docx

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Unit1WaysofLearning上课讲义

Unit1WaysofLearning

Unit1WaysofLearning

Ⅱ.AboutEducation

.ASurvey

Doyouagreewiththefollowingstatements?

1.Playisthebestwaytolearn.

2.Childrendeveloplifeskillsbestthroughformalprograms.

3.Childrenarenaturallycurious,inspired,motivatedlearners,butsometimestheenjoymentoflearningcangetlostinthepressureto“succeed”informaleducation.

4.Parentsarethemostimportantinstructorstothechildren,sotheyshouldgiveasmuchguidanceaspossible.

APracticalExperiment

Twochildrenaregivenhulahoops,atoytheyareunfamiliarwith.Angelaisgivenahulahoopwithinstructionsonhowtouseit.Jonathanisgivenahulahoopbutnoinstructions.Whatkindofoutcomesdoyouexpect?

Angelalearnstokeepthehulahoopinmotionbymovingherbodyincertainways.Jonathanexploresthehoopanddiscoversit'sbigenoughtostepthrough.Hethenbalancesthehoopbetweentwoobjectsandpracticeskickingaballthroughthehoop.Howdoyoucommentonthesetwooutcomes?

Bothoutcomesaregood.Angelalearnsausefulplayskill.Jonathanuseshishoopinadifferent,butequallyplayfulway.Whichonedoyouthinkisbetterindevelopingthechildren’screativity?

Angela,becauseshefollowedthedirectionsgiven,willhaveaskillshecanuseanytimeshewantstomoveherbodyinthatspecificway.Theoutcomeislimitedtohavingfolloweddirectionsandmasteredaparticularskill.Jonathan,ontheotherhand,hadtheexperienceofexploringanddiscoveringanitemhewasunfamiliarwith.Heusedwhathelearnedaboutthiscircular-shapedobjecttosolveaproblemofhisownandincorporated（结合）thehulahoopasaninnovativesolutiontohelphimdosomethingthathewantedtodo--kickaballthroughatarget.Jonathanlearnedhecouldusehisownobservationandexplorationtolearnaboutnewobjects.

Whatconclusioncanyoudrawfromthisexperiment?

.EducationintheWest

Muchofthecurrentdebateovereducationsurroundstheextenttowhichlearningshouldbeteacher-basedorstudent-based.Whichofthetwoshoulddecidewhatshouldbelearned,howitshouldbelearned,andwhenitshouldbelearned?

ComparingWesternandAsianmethodsoflearningitisgenerallytruethatWesternmethodsaremorestudent-centered,expectingstudentstodiscoverthingsforthemselvesratherthanrelyingontheirteacherstotellthem.Anextremeversionofthestudent-centeredapproachcanbeseenatSummerhill,aschoolinEnglandestablishedbytheeducationalistA.S.Neill.Therechildrenhavecompletefreedomtodecidewhattheyaregoingtolearnandwhichlessonstheywillattend.Iftheywishtheyneednotattendanyatall.MainstreameducationinEnglandisfarmorestrict,demandingthatchildrenattendlessonsandfollowanationalcurriculum.Thiscurriculumandtheimportanceofachievinggoodexamresultstendtoreinforceamoreteacher-centeredapproach,asbothteachersandstudentsfindthepressureoftimeleaveslessopportunityforanexploratoryapproachtolearning.

Ⅲ.Warm-upQuestions

1.Ifyoufindatwo-year-oldboyistryingtoputakeyintoabox,willyouhelphimimmediately?

2.Canyourecallhowyourparentstaughtyouinyourchildhood?

Didtheyliketoteachyoubyholdingyourhand?

3.Whichwaydidyoupreferwhenyouwereintroublewithoneofyourtoysinyourchildhood,turningtoyourparentsforhelp,orexploringbyyourselves?

GlobalReading

Ⅰ.Scanning

（Directions:

）ScanTextAanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.

1.Benjaminwasworriedthathecouldn’tputthekeyintothebox.（F）

（=Benjaminwasnotbotheredatall.）

2.IntheChinesestaff’sopinion,theparentsshouldguideBenjamintoinsertthekey.（T）

3.Theauthorandhiswifedidn’tcarewhetherBenjaminsucceededininsertingthekeyintotheslot.（T）

4.FortheWesterners,learningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding.（F）

（=TheChinesethinkthatlearningshouldtakeplacebycontinualcarefulshapingandmolding.）

5.Chineseteachersholdtheopinionthatskillsshouldbeacquiredasearlyaspossible,whileAmericaneducatorsthinkthatcreativityshouldbeacquiredearly.（T）

Ⅲ.FurtherUnderstanding

ForPartIQuestionsandAnswers

1.HowdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinTextA?

2.SumupthecontrastbetweentheattitudeofthecoupleandthatofthehotelstafftowardBenjaminseffortsininsertingthekeyintotheslot.

1.ReadthefirstsentenceofbothPara6andPara7,anddecidewhatmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere.

2.SumupthecontrastbetweenChineseandWesternwaystolearntofulfillatask.

3.ReadfromPara11toPara13.Whichmethodofcomparisonandcontrastisusedhere?

4.Thefollowingaretwotypesofattitudestowardcreativityandbasicskills.WhichonebelongstotheChineseandwhichonebelongstotheWesterners?

A）givingprioritytodevelopingskillsatanearlyage,believingthatcreativitycanbepromotedovertime.

B）puttingmoreemphasisonfosteringcreativityinyoungchildren,thinkingthatskillscanbepickeduplater.

Therearemanywaystoconcludeanessay.Howdoestheauthorendthistext?

）

A）Restatingthemainpointspreviouslymentioned.

B）Proposingasolution.

C）Quotingfromsomebookorperson.

D）Predictingfuturedevelopments.

E）makingasuggestionintheformofaquestion.）

Ⅰ.DifficultSentences

1.（LL.13~15）Becauseofhistenderageandincompleteunderstandingoftheneedtopositionthekeyjustso,hewouldusuallyfail.（=Becausehewassoyounganddidn’tquiteknowthatheshouldpositionthekeycarefullytofitintothenarrowkeyslot,hewouldusuallyfail.）

2.（L.15）Benjaminwasnotbotheredintheleast.（=Benjaminwasnotbotheredatall.）（=本杰明一点也不在意。

）

3.（L.30）…andtothrowlightonChineseattitudestowardcreativity.（=AndtohelpexplainChineseattitudestowardcreativity.）

4.（LL.37~39）…sincethechildisneitheroldenoughnorcleverenoughtorealizethedesiredactiononhisown,whatpossiblegainisachievedbyhavinghimstruggle?

（=Positioningthekeycarefullytofitintotheslot.）Inyouropinion,whatpossiblegaincanbeachievedbyhavingBenjaminstruggle?

（=Open-ended.）

5.（L.39）Hemaywellgetfrustratedandangry.（=Heislikelytogetfrustratedandangry.）Youuse“maywell”whenyouaresayingwhatyouthinkislikelytohappen.

6.（L.47~48）Hewashavingagoodtimeandwasexploring,twoactivitiesthatdidmattertous.

1.Whatdothetwoactivitiesreferto?

（=Havingagoodtimeandexploring.）（=Towactivitiesthatwereimportanttous.）

7.（L.52）…whetheritbeplacingakeyinakeyslot,drawingahenormakingupforamisdeed…

（=Nomatterwhetheritisplacingakeyinakeyslot,drawingahenormakingupforsomemistakes.）

（=Thesubjunctivemoodisusedhere.Whetherhebepresentorabsent,weshallhavetodoourpart.）

8.（LL.80~81）…youngWesternersmakingtheirboldestdeparturesfirstandthengraduallymasteringthetradition…

Whatdoesmakingtheirboldestdeparturesmean?

（=Doingsth.differentfromanestablishedruleortradition.）

（=西方的年轻人先是大胆创新，然后逐渐深谙传统。

）

9.（LL.98~99）ButassumingthatthecontrastIhavedevelopedisvalid,andthatthefosteringofskillsandcreativityarebothworthwhilegoals…（=assuming+that-clause:

假定…

Youuseassumingthatwhenyouareconsideringapossiblesituationorevent,sothatyoucanthinkabouttheconsequences.

*Assumingthatweallworkatthesamerate,weshouldbefinishedbyJanuary.）

10.（LL.100~102）Canwegather,fromtheChineseandAmericanextremes,asuperiorwaytoapproacheducation,perhapsstrikingabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?

（=我们能否从中美两个极端中寻求一种更好的教育方式，它或许能在创造力与基本技能这两极之间获得某种较好的平衡?

）

AfterReading

Ⅰ.UsefulExpressions

1.被系在…上beattachedto…

2.探索行为exploratorybehavior

3.偶尔onoccasion

4.父母的责任parentalduties

5.揭示，阐明throwlighton

6.最终目的anultimatepurpose

7.要做的动作desiredaction

8.所希望的结果desirableoutcome

9.关键criticalpoint

10.育儿观valueofchildrearing

11.弥补某种错误行为makingupforamisdeed

12.回想起来inretrospect

13.善意的well-intentioned

14.前来帮助某人cometosb.’srescue

15.极其熟练、温和地withextremefacilityandgentleness

16.适用于applyto

17.发展到evolveto

18.发展创造力promotecreativity

19.值得追求的目标worthwhilegoals

Ⅱ.SpotDictation

Youprobablythinkyouwillneverbea___1___student.Thisisnotnecessarilyso,however.Anyonecanbecomeabetter___2___ifheorshewantsto.Itistruethatyoumaynotbe___3___abouteverythingthatyoustudy,butbyusingyourtimeproperlyyoumayimproveyourgradeswithout___4___work.Here’show:

1.____5____carefully.

2.Findagoodplacetostudy.

3.___6___beforeyouread.

4.___7___yourtimeinclass.

5.Study___8___.

6.Develop___9___abouttests.

Thereareother___10___thatmighthelpyouwithyourstudying.Onlyafewhavebeenmentionedhere.Youwillprobablydiscovermanyothersafteryouhavetriedthese.

Ⅲ.Discussion

1.Whatdoyouthinkismoreimportant,creativityorbasicskills?

2.Howdoyoucommentonthelearningmethodsyouusedinhighschool?

3.Areyouemployingnewlearningmethodshelpfultothestudyofcollege

courses?

Whatarethey?

4.Inyouropinion,canwefindabetterwaytoapproacheducation,whichstrikesabetterbalancebetweenthepolesofcreativityandbasicskills?

Ⅳ.ComparisonandContrast

ⅰ.Definition

Comparisonandcontrastcomeinthreedifferentways.

1.Comparison:

Youareaskedtoexplainhowtwoormorethingsarealike.

2.Contrast:

Youareaskedtoexplainhowtwoormorethingsaredifferent.

3.Comparisonandcontrast: